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The School-Age Child and Family Perry: Chapter 34 With Questions and 100% Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing

1. Which statement accurately describes physical development of a child during the school-age years? a. The child's weight almost triples. b. A child grows an average of 2 inches/year. c. Few physical differences are apparent among children at the end of middle childhood. d. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to the child's heavier appearance. - ✔✔ANS: B 2. Generally what is the earliest age at which puberty begins? a. 13 years in girls, 13 years in boys b. 11 years in girls, 11 years in boys c. 10 years in girls, 12 years in boys d. 12 years in girls, 10 years in boys - ✔✔ANS: C 3. Which statement describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children? a. Have developed the ability to reason abstractly b. Become capable of scientific reasoning and formal logic d. Have the ability to classify, group and sort, and hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept - ✔✔ANS: D

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The School-Age Child and Family Perry:
Chapter 34
1. Which statement accurately describes physical development of a child
during the school-age years?
a. The child's weight almost triples.
b. A child grows an average of 2 inches/year.
c. Few physical differences are apparent among children at the end
of middle childhood.
d. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to the child's heavier
appearance. - ✔✔ANS: B
In middle childhood, growth in height and weight occur at a slower pace.
Between the ages of 6 and 12 years, children grow 2 inches/year. In middle
childhood, children's weight will almost double; they gain 3 kg/year. At the
end of middle childhood, girls grow taller and gain more weight than boys.
Children take on a slimmer look with longer legs in middle childhood.
2. Generally what is the earliest age at which puberty begins?
a. 13 years in girls, 13 years in boys
b. 11 years in girls, 11 years in boys
c. 10 years in girls, 12 years in boys
d. 12 years in girls, 10 years in boys - ✔✔ANS: C
Puberty signals the beginning of the development of secondary sex
characteristics. This begins in girls earlier than in boys. Usually a 2-year
difference occurs in the age at onset. Girls and boys do not usually begin
puberty at the same age; girls usually begin earlier than boys do.
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The School-Age Child and Family Perry:

Chapter 34

  1. Which statement accurately describes physical development of a child during the school-age years? a. The child's weight almost triples. b. A child grows an average of 2 inches/year. c. Few physical differences are apparent among children at the end of middle childhood. d. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to the child's heavier appearance. - ✔✔ANS: B In middle childhood, growth in height and weight occur at a slower pace. Between the ages of 6 and 12 years, children grow 2 inches/year. In middle childhood, children's weight will almost double; they gain 3 kg/year. At the end of middle childhood, girls grow taller and gain more weight than boys. Children take on a slimmer look with longer legs in middle childhood.
  2. Generally what is the earliest age at which puberty begins? a. 13 years in girls, 13 years in boys b. 11 years in girls, 11 years in boys c. 10 years in girls, 12 years in boys d. 12 years in girls, 10 years in boys - ✔✔ANS: C Puberty signals the beginning of the development of secondary sex characteristics. This begins in girls earlier than in boys. Usually a 2-year difference occurs in the age at onset. Girls and boys do not usually begin puberty at the same age; girls usually begin earlier than boys do.
  1. Which statement describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children? a. Have developed the ability to reason abstractly b. Become capable of scientific reasoning and formal logic c. Progress from making judgments based on what they reason to making judgments based on what they see d. Have the ability to classify, group and sort, and hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept - ✔✔ANS: D In Piaget's stage of concrete operations, children have the ability to group and sort and make conceptual decisions. Children cannot reason abstractly until late adolescence. Scientific reasoning and formal logic are skills of adolescents. Making judgments on what the child sees versus what he or she reasons is not a developmental skill.
  2. What describes moral development in younger school-age children? a. The standards of behavior now come from within themselves. b. They do not yet experience a sense of guilt when they misbehave. c. They know the rules and behaviors expected of them but do not understand the reasons behind them. d. They no longer interpret accidents and misfortunes as punishment for misdeeds. - ✔✔ANS: C Children who are ages 6 and 7 years know the rules and behaviors expected of them but do not understand the reasons for them. Young children do not believe that standards of behavior come from within

d. The statement suggests a failed attempt to develop a conscience. - ✔✔ANS: A Children at this age may view illness or injury as a punishment for a real or imagined mystique. The belief in divine punishment is common at this age.

  1. What is the role of the peer group in the life of school-age children? a. Gives them an opportunity to learn dominance and hostility. b. Allows them to remain dependent on their parents for a longer time. c. Decreases their need to learn appropriate sex roles. d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents. - ✔✔ANS: D Peer-group identification is an important factor in gaining independence from parents. Through peer relationships, children learn ways to deal with dominance and hostility. They also learn how to relate to people in positions of leadership and authority and explore ideas and the physical environment. Peer-group identification helps in gaining independence rather than remaining dependent. A child's concept of appropriate sex roles is influenced by relationships with peers.
  2. A group of boys ages 9 and 10 years have formed a "boys-only" club that is open to neighborhood and school friends who have skateboards. How should this behavior be interpreted? a. Behavior that encourages bullying and sexism. b. Behavior that reinforces poor peer relationships. c. Characteristic of social development of this age.

d. Characteristic of children who later are at risk for membership in gangs. - ✔✔ANS: C One of the outstanding characteristics of middle childhood is the creation of formalized groups or clubs. Peer-group identification and association are essential to a child's socialization. Poor relationships with peers and a lack of group identification can contribute to bullying. A boys-only club does not have a direct correlation with later gang activity.

  1. Which statement is descriptive of the play of school-age children? a. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages. b. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging. c. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go. d. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning. - ✔✔ANS: B Play involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy. Children form groups and cliques and develop a sense of belonging to a team or club. At this age, children begin to see the need for rules. Conformity and ritual permeate their play. Their games have fixed and unvarying rules, which may be bizarre and extraordinarily rigid. With team play, children learn about competition and the importance of winning, an attribute highly valued in the United States.
  2. What is the characteristic of dishonest behavior in children ages 8 to 10 years? a. Cheating during games is now more common.

a. They are increasingly fearful for body safety. b. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family. c. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers. d. Those who have numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears. - ✔✔ANS: B During the school-age years, children experience a wide variety of fears, but new fears related predominantly to school and family bother children during this time. During the middle-school years, children become less fearful of body safety than they were as preschoolers. Parents and other persons involved with children should discuss their fear with them individually or as a group activity. Sometimes school-age children hide their fears to avoid being teased. Hiding the fears does not end them and may lead to phobias.

  1. The father of 12 year old tells the nurse that he is concerned about his child getting "fat." The child's body mass index for age is at the 60th percentile. What is the most appropriate nursing action to address the father's concern? a. Reassure the father that his child is not "fat." b. Reassure the father that the weight is just a growing child. c. Suggest a low-calorie, low-fat diet, and provide food suggestions. d. Explain that this is typical of the growth pattern of children at this age. - ✔✔ANS: D This is a characteristic pattern of growth in preadolescent boys, in which the growth in height has slowed in preparation for the pubertal growth spurt

but weight is still gained. This should be reviewed with both the father and child, and a plan should be developed to maintain physical exercise and a balanced diet. Saying that the child is not "fat" is false reassurance. The child's weight is high for his/her height. The child needs to maintain his/her physical activity. The father is concerned; an explanation is required. A nutritional diet with physical activity should be sufficient to maintain his balance.

  1. The school nurse has been asked to begin teaching sex education in the 5th grade. Which statement should be the foundation for the information the nurse should present? a. Children in 5th grade are too young for sex education. b. Children should be discouraged from asking too many questions. c. Correct terminology should be reserved for children who are older. d. Sex can be presented as a normal part of growth and development. - ✔✔ANS: D When sex information is presented to school-age children, sex should be treated as a normal part of growth and development. Fifth graders are usually 10 to 11 years old. This age is not too young to speak about physiologic changes in their bodies. They should be encouraged to ask questions. Preadolescents need precise and concrete information.
  2. What is an important consideration for the school nurse who is planning a class on bicycle safety to consider? a. Most bicycle injuries involve collision with an automobile. b. Head injuries are the major causes of bicycle-related fatalities. c. Children should wear bicycle helmets if they ride on paved streets.

a. Concrete operations stage b. Formal operations stage c. Intuitive thought stage d. Preoperations stage - ✔✔ANS: A By 7 to 8 years of age, the child is able to retrace a process (reversibility) and has the skills necessary for solving mathematical problems. This stage is called concrete operations. The formal operations stage deals with abstract reasoning and does not occur until adolescence. Thinking in the intuitive stage is based on immediate perceptions. A child in this stage often solves problems by random guessing. In preoperational thinking, the child is usually able to add 1 + 3 = 4 but is unable to retrace the process.

  1. Which activity is most appropriate for developing fine motor skills in the school-age child? a. Drawing b. Singing c. Soccer d. Swimming - ✔✔ANS: A Activities such as drawing, building models, and playing a musical instrument increase the school-age child's fine motor skills. Singing is an appropriate activity for the school-age child, but it does not increase fine motor skills. The school-age child needs to participate in group activities to increase both gross motor skills and social skills, but group activities do not increase fine motor skills. Swimming is an activity that also increases gross motor skills.
  1. Which comment is most developmentally typical of a 7-year-old boy? a. "I am a Power Ranger, so don't make me angry." b. "I don't know whether I like Mary or Joan better." c. "My mom is my favorite person in the world." d. "Jimmy is my best friend." - ✔✔ANS: D School-age children form friendships with peers of the same sex, those who live nearby, and other children who have toys that they enjoy sharing. Magical thinking is developmentally appropriate for the preschooler. Opposite-sex friendships are not typical for the 7-year-old child. Seven- year-old children socialize with their peers, not their parents.
  2. Identify the statement that is the most accurate about moral development in the 9-year-old school-age child. a. Right and wrong are based on physical consequences of behavior. b. The child obeys parents because of fear of punishment. c. The school-age child conforms to rules to please others. d. Parents are the determiners of right and wrong for the school-age child. - ✔✔ANS: C The 7- to 12-year-old child bases right and wrong on a good-boy or good- girl orientation in which the child conforms to rules to please others and avoid disapproval. Children 4 to 7 years of age base right and wrong on consequences, the most important consideration for this age-group. Parents determine right and wrong for the child younger than 4 years of age.

The ability to classify things from simple to complex and the ability to identify differences and similarities are cognitive skills of the older school- age child; this demonstrates use of classification and logical thought processes. Subtraction and addition are appropriate cognitive activities for the young school-age child. Vocabulary is not as valid an assessment of cognitive ability as is the child's ability to classify. Play activity is not as valid an assessment of cognitive function as is the ability to classify.

  1. A child has an avulsed (knocked-out) tooth. In which medium should the nurse instruct the parents to place the tooth for transport to the dentist? a. Cold milk b. Cold water c. Warm salt water d. A dry, clean jar - ✔✔ANS: A An avulsed tooth should be placed in a suitable medium for transport, either cold milk or saliva (under the child's or parent's tongue). Cold milk is a more suitable medium for transport than cold water, warm salt water, or a dry, clean jar.
  2. A nurse is teaching parents of first-grade children general guidelines to assist their children in adapting to school. Which statement by the parents indicates they understand the teaching? a. "We will only meet with the teacher if problems occur." b. "We will discourage hobbies so our child focuses on schoolwork." c. "We will plan a trip to the library as often as possible." d. "We will expect our child to make all As in school." - ✔✔ANS: C

General guidelines for parents to help their child in school include sharing an interest in reading. The library should be used frequently and books the child is reading should be discussed. Hobbies should be encouraged. The parents should not expect all As. They should focus on growth more than grades.

  1. Parents of a 12-year-old child ask the clinic nurse, "How many hours of sleep should our child get each night?" The nurse should respond that 12- year-old children need ____ hours of sleep at night. a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11 - ✔✔ANS: B School-age children usually do not require naps, but they do need to sleep approximately 11 hours at age 5 years and 9 hours at age 12 years each night.
  2. A nurse planning care for a school-age child should take into account that which thought process is seen at this age? a. Animism b. Magical thinking c. Ability to conserve d. Thoughts are all-powerful - ✔✔ANS: C One cognitive task of school-age children is mastering the concept of conservation. At an early age (5 to 7 years), children grasp the concept of reversibility of numbers as a basis for simple mathematics problems (e.g., 2
  1. Peer victimization is becoming a significant problem for school-age children and adolescents in the United States. Parents should be educated regarding signs that a child is being bullied. These might include: (Select all that apply.) a. The child spends an inordinate amount of time in the nurse's office. b. Belongings frequently go missing or are damaged. c. The child wants to be driven to school. d. School performance improves. e. The child freely talks about his or her day. - ✔✔ANS: A, B, C Signs that may indicate a child is being bullied are similar to signs of other types of stress and include nonspecific illness or complaints, withdrawal, depression, school refusal, and decreased school performance. Children expressed fear of going to school or riding the school bus, and their belongings often are damaged or missing. Very often, children will not talk about what is happening to them.
  2. A nurse is planning care for a 7-year-old child hospitalized with osteomyelitis. Which activities should the nurse plan to bring from the playroom for the child? (Select all that apply.) a. Paper and some paints b. Board games c. Jack-in-the-box d. Stuffed animals e. Computer games - ✔✔ANS: A, B, E School-age children become fascinated with complex board, card, or computer games that they can play alone, with a best friend, or with a

group. They also enjoy sewing, cooking, carpentry, gardening, and creative activities such as painting. Jack-in-the-box and stuffed animals would be appropriate for a toddler or preschool child.

  1. A nurse teaches parents that team play is important for school-age children. Which abilities can children develop by experiencing team play? (Select all that apply.) a. Achieve personal goals over group goals. b. Learn complex rules. c. Experience competition. d. Learn about division of labor. - ✔✔ANS: B, C, D Team play helps stimulate cognitive growth because children are called on to learn many complex rules, make judgments about those rules, plan strategies, and assess the strengths and weaknesses of members of their own team and members of the opposing team. Team play can also contribute to children's social, intellectual, and skill growth. Children work hard to develop the skills needed to become team members, to improve their contribution to the group, and to anticipate the consequences of their behavior for the group. Team play teaches children to modify or exchange personal goals for goals of the group; it also teaches them that division of labor is an effective strategy for attaining a goal.