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1. Which statement accurately describes physical development of a child during the school-age years? a. The child's weight almost triples. b. A child grows an average of 2 inches/year. c. Few physical differences are apparent among children at the end of middle childhood. d. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to the child's heavier appearance. - ✔✔ANS: B 2. Generally what is the earliest age at which puberty begins? a. 13 years in girls, 13 years in boys b. 11 years in girls, 11 years in boys c. 10 years in girls, 12 years in boys d. 12 years in girls, 10 years in boys - ✔✔ANS: C 3. Which statement describes the cognitive abilities of school-age children? a. Have developed the ability to reason abstractly b. Become capable of scientific reasoning and formal logic d. Have the ability to classify, group and sort, and hold a concept in their minds while making decisions based on that concept - ✔✔ANS: D
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d. The statement suggests a failed attempt to develop a conscience. - ✔✔ANS: A Children at this age may view illness or injury as a punishment for a real or imagined mystique. The belief in divine punishment is common at this age.
d. Characteristic of children who later are at risk for membership in gangs. - ✔✔ANS: C One of the outstanding characteristics of middle childhood is the creation of formalized groups or clubs. Peer-group identification and association are essential to a child's socialization. Poor relationships with peers and a lack of group identification can contribute to bullying. A boys-only club does not have a direct correlation with later gang activity.
a. They are increasingly fearful for body safety. b. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family. c. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers. d. Those who have numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears. - ✔✔ANS: B During the school-age years, children experience a wide variety of fears, but new fears related predominantly to school and family bother children during this time. During the middle-school years, children become less fearful of body safety than they were as preschoolers. Parents and other persons involved with children should discuss their fear with them individually or as a group activity. Sometimes school-age children hide their fears to avoid being teased. Hiding the fears does not end them and may lead to phobias.
but weight is still gained. This should be reviewed with both the father and child, and a plan should be developed to maintain physical exercise and a balanced diet. Saying that the child is not "fat" is false reassurance. The child's weight is high for his/her height. The child needs to maintain his/her physical activity. The father is concerned; an explanation is required. A nutritional diet with physical activity should be sufficient to maintain his balance.
a. Concrete operations stage b. Formal operations stage c. Intuitive thought stage d. Preoperations stage - ✔✔ANS: A By 7 to 8 years of age, the child is able to retrace a process (reversibility) and has the skills necessary for solving mathematical problems. This stage is called concrete operations. The formal operations stage deals with abstract reasoning and does not occur until adolescence. Thinking in the intuitive stage is based on immediate perceptions. A child in this stage often solves problems by random guessing. In preoperational thinking, the child is usually able to add 1 + 3 = 4 but is unable to retrace the process.
The ability to classify things from simple to complex and the ability to identify differences and similarities are cognitive skills of the older school- age child; this demonstrates use of classification and logical thought processes. Subtraction and addition are appropriate cognitive activities for the young school-age child. Vocabulary is not as valid an assessment of cognitive ability as is the child's ability to classify. Play activity is not as valid an assessment of cognitive function as is the ability to classify.
General guidelines for parents to help their child in school include sharing an interest in reading. The library should be used frequently and books the child is reading should be discussed. Hobbies should be encouraged. The parents should not expect all As. They should focus on growth more than grades.
group. They also enjoy sewing, cooking, carpentry, gardening, and creative activities such as painting. Jack-in-the-box and stuffed animals would be appropriate for a toddler or preschool child.