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Tartuffe tells about a family in a kingdom where the king has been blinded by someone whom he considers a saint. He lost everything he has because of this.
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Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters
By BONDAN ADHI WIBOWO Student Number: 024214040
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This undergraduate thesis is dedicated to My Beloved Family, My Friends,
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And those who love me
The first and foremost, I would like to bestow my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ for giving me his blessing, strength, chance, and patience. Thanks for always guiding me every second in my life. Secondly, my greatest appreciation goes to my beloved parents, Heru Pramono and Pudjiningtyas, who always give me love, encouragement, and motivation to finish my study. I thank my brother Ivan Adi Prabowo for his love and support in many ways. My gratitude is also for my big family, I thank them. A special thank for my advisor, Maria Ananta Tri Suryandari, S.S., M.Ed., who has always give me her precious time in guiding me to finish this thesis. I thank her for correcting my thesis so that I could complete this thesis. Big thanks, for helping me to realize my ideas. I also would like to thank to my Co. advisor, Paulus Sarwoto, S.S., M.A for his suggestions and ideas. I thank to all lecture in Sanata Dharma University for teaching me many things. My gratitude also goes to all my best friends; Yabes, Sigit Nugraha, Fitra, Leo, David, Dimas, D N G, Yere, Jeff, Maynard, Koh Abun, Garry, Alfa, Parjo, Steva, Wawik. I thanks to all my friends at class 2002 and all my friends in English Literature department. I am proud to know them all. I thank to all Panggung Boneka’s crews.I thank Dodi, Koh Yuan, Surya, and Cipoo. I thank them for our precious moments together. I thank Priska, Saras, Angga, Wawan, Eka, Dietha, Kasdu XiX, Mas Yunus, Om Ponco, Om Sasongko, Mbak Ratna and all Plengkung Youth Community. I thank to all “Woyo” team in GKJ Plengkung
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Magelang. I thank for those whom I cannot mention one by one, for their fun lives and ideas. Last but not least is my gratitude for “Adek” a thousand thanks for love, laugh, strength, and support. I love her.
Bondan Adhi Wibowo
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BONDAN ADHI WIBOWO. The Significant of Dorine in revealing moral messages in Moliere’s Faculty of letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2008. Tartuffe. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters,
Tartuffe tells about a family in a kingdom where the king has been blinded by someone whom he considers a saint. He lost everything he has because of this. However, a lady-maid was able to save this family from destruction. The writertries to analyze the characters of this lady-maid and conclude some things which can be taken as moral messages. In this thesis, the writer would try to analyze (1) how are Dorine’s personalities portrayed in Tartuffe,and (2) how are the moral messages portrayed through the character of Dorine. To do the analysis, the writer did several steps. First, the writer conducted close reading on the novel in getting deeper understanding about it especially concerned with the problems stated above. Next, the writer examined the secondary data. After getting all the selected data, the writer would start to analyze the problems and apply those related theories in the analysis. The writerwould start by describing the characters of Dorine in the novel. Then, after analyzed Dorine’s characters the writer tries to analyze what are the moral messages can be taken from the characters of Dorine by applying significant theories. Then, in the last step, the writer drew a conclusion as the result of the analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the writer found five Dorine’s characters. In the play Tartuffe, Dorine is described as a brave, unselfish, calm, wise and caring to the family. Those characteristics are the characters which make Dorine able to help this kingdom family save from destruction. While the messages which can be concluded after analyzed Dorine’s characteristics are;firstly , people should have bravery so that people will firm and steady, especially when they have to defend for the truth. Secondly, people should be unselfish so that people can have a passion of belonging a family and growing the feeling of togetherness. Thirdly, people are taught to be calm in everything people do so that people will able to think clearly in solving problems. Forth, people are taught tobe wise so that people will know how to do and to act. Fifth , People should care to their family so that people understand the essence of a family. From these messages, the writer concludes that the moral message of this play is that people must tell the truth in every situation and condition.
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A. Background of the Study ”Literature is a social institution that uses a social creation, i.e. language as its medium. It is the representation which is in a large measure, a social reality” (Wellek and Warren, 1956: 94). A literary work is created by using social creations to represent the social reality. Moreover, literature can contain social aspects such as social relationship or social values in which particular social circumstances rule the way of life of certain group of people. Literature can also be regarded as a means of communication with certain society or even a nation by composing a particular piece of literary works. For some people, literary work is something precious that gives knowledge and pleasure for those who read it. According to Wellek and Warren, a literary work does not only please the readers, but also gives them a kind of knowledge (1956: 30-31). From this idea, the writer thinks that the audiences can get knowledge by reading a literary work. Literature can also be regarded as human being’s manifestation of his own life. It usually describes human being’s experiences of life. Therefore, it can give a kind of lesson of life by understanding and learning the content of literary works the readers read. It was stated by Moody in the following quotation: And all of us who read literary work will find our knowledge broadenedand deepened, whether in the individual, the social, the racial, or in the internal sphere; we shall understand the possibilities of human life, both for good and evil; we shall understand how we come to live at particular time and place, with all its pleasure and vexations and problems we shall 1
understand the ways onwards which are open to us, and we shall perhaps be able to make right rather than wrong choices (1968: 2-3) It is obvious that the audiences can get experiences from the activity of reading a piece of literary work. Literary work can also enrich their knowledge and give them a kind of guidance to endure their life in a better way. It can make the audiences wiser to decide something related to their choices. It helps them face the world with its problems realistically. Therefore, when the audiences can learn many things from literature, it can be a very good teacher of human’s life. There are many genres of literary works in the world. The examples of genres of literary works are poetry, prose, and drama. In this thesis, the writer tries to analyze one of the genres of literary works, which is drama. Drama is an interesting media which is easy to be enjoyed because the audiences just need to sit and watch the drama. Everything in it has been set up including the characters and the setting of the drama, so that the audiences do not need to imagine a certain condition or a certain character just like when they read a literary work. When they have to read a literary work, they have to imagine certain condition or character which is presented by the author. Inside drama there are many elements that can be analyzed such as; character, society, and even philosophical idea. In this thesis, the writer tries to analyze one of the elements of drama which is character. An appearance of character is very important in a literary work. Through the character, a theme, a moral message, and other intrinsic elements of a literary work can be revealed. A character can be used to describe something or to symbolize something.
world, a satiric comedy. The play is actually a criticism toward the relation between religion and kings in that particular time. Religion had a very strong effect/influence to the authority of a king. The play is set in an urban landscape. The play is about tragedy and romantic comedy-love, honor, loyalty, and of course hypocrisy, and betrayal. Tartuffe tells about a man named Tartuffe that affects the life of a family through Orgon, a king in that particular time. Tartuffe is described as a hypocritical, and Orgon is obsessed with him. It is Orgon’s obsession of Tartuffe which is used by Tartuffe to take over all Orgon’s properties. Moreover, Tartuffe uses Orgon to fulfill his own fantasy of autonomy and authority. It is because Tartuffe realizes that Orgon always do what he said. Tartuffe transforms him into a kind of monster. Orgon comes near to selling his daughter, disinheriting his son, allowing his wife to be raped, and losing his family’s property and fortune. Orgon does not realize that what he did is advantages Tartuffe and makes him suffer a loss. When he realizes that, he lost all that he has. However, through the cleverness of Dorine, he can get back everything he has lost. The writer chooses Tartuffe because Moliere tends to draw the moral messages through the character of Dorine.
B. Problem Formulation Referring to the background of study in the previous part, there are two questions formulated as follows.
C. Objectives of the Study The aim of this thesis is to present a discussion about moral messages on Moliere’s Tartuffe. The discussion is mainly to answer the two questions in the problem formulation. The objectives of the study are presented as follows. Firstly, the writer tries to describe the characteristics of Dorine in the play. In this discussion, the writer will analyze the characteristics of Dorine as a minor character in the play. Secondly, the writer tries to know how the moral messages are revealed through Dorine’s characteristics as seen through the behaviors and the dialogues of Dorine from the beginning of the play until the end of the play.
D. Definition of Terms In this part, the writer tries to explain some terms in order to help the readers understand this thesis and to avoid misunderstanding in meaning. Some words will be defined to guide the readers in understanding this thesis. The writer gets definition of the specific terms mostly from books, which are considered well
A. Review of Related Studies Born in the 1622, Moliere, whose given name was Jean Baptiste Poquelin, was one of the famous French playwrights. Beside a playwright, he is also known as a great dramatist and a fine comic actor as well and he performed in his own plays. He became an important playwright and both acted and wrote in a splendid series of plays that satirized the manners and morals of elegant society. Those were Les Precieuses Ridicules (1659), Sganarelle (1660), School For Husbands (1661), School For Wives (1662), Don Juan (1665), The Misanthrope (1666), The Doctor In Spite Of Himself (1666), The Miser (1668), The Learned Ladies (1672) , and The Imaginary Invalid (1673). Among above, Tartuffe is the best-known work that the writer is interested in. Basically, the play Tartuffe is criticism about the relation between the religion and the king in French under Louis XIV. The play is about authority and power. The religion and the king had absolute power in the society. Particularly religion and politics were bound together. Through the idea of Moliere, Tartuffe was created in the form of comedy. Although the comedy pleased the king, the Catholic Church banned it for the strong criticism shown in it. However, in this thesis, the writer does not focus on the criticism of the relation between religion and the king, but in the moral messages shown by the character of Dorine. The play does not explicitly offer moral, however, the writer
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tries to draw the moral messages. It is why the writer attempts to explore moral issues in this play rather than focusing on the criticism the relation between the religion and the king in French under Louis XIV. The character of Dorine and the way she acts are the main idea of the writer to make this thesis. The writer wants to analyze Dorine’s characteristics through her behaviours. Most of actions and dialogues from Dorine will be analyzed to find the moral messages inside the characteristics of Dorine. The play of Tartuffe tells the reader about the character Dorine, who has characteristics through the way she acts and from her dialogues with other characters. From these characteristics, she also brings some moral message for the reader. Dorine is a stock character found in many Molière’s comedies, and in fact, has become a type of character found in comedies of all periods. She is a wise servant who sees through all pretence, and while being the inferior. She lives under the absolutism of Orgon and the hypocrisy of Tartuffe. Dorine’s directness and her simple honesty make her interesting to be analyzed. (Alex Went, 2000) A lady-maid is a female servant to another female. Typically the lady- maid would help the woman with her bath, do laundry, help with dinner, and other household chores. But in Tartuffe Dorine is not such typical maid. Instead, she is very outspoken and tends to always give her opinion, whether needed or not. She not only does this with her lady, Mariane, but with other family members. For example, in Act I, Scene I, Orgon is trying to convince Damis how wonderful Tartuffe is and that he is not the person that everyone else sees him being. This Tartuffe, however, is not fooling Damis nor Dorine. Dorine is surely giving more
