The Structure and Function of Blood
By
Khabiya P N
MES’s College of Pharmacy, Sonai
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The Structure and Function of Blood: Composition, Formation, and Types of Blood Cells, Study notes of Pharmacy
An in-depth exploration of the composition and function of blood, including its role in transporting gases, waste products, and nutrients, as well as the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow. The document also covers the different types of blood cells, such as red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes), and their respective functions and characteristics.
What you will learn
- How are blood cells formed?
- How do platelets contribute to the clotting process?
- What are the different types of white blood cells and what are their functions?
- What is the composition of blood?
- What are the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
Typology: Study notes
2021/2022
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The Structure and Function of Blood
By
Khabiya P N
MES’s College of Pharmacy, Sonai
Composition of Blood
- Blood is responsible for…..
- Transporting gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide)
- Transporting waste products
- Transporting nutrients
- Helping remove toxins from the body
- Blood is a circulating tissue consisting of three
types of cells.
1. Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes
2. White Blood Cells Leukocytes
3. Platelets Thrombocytes
- The cells listed above are suspended in a liquid
known as plasma.
Formation of Blood
- Hematopoiesis the formation and development of blood cells
- In adults the cellular elements are produced in the bone marrow.
- Some WBCs are produced in the lymphatic tissue and bone marrow.
- Blood cells need certain nutrients to form properly.
- Examples include….. —Iron —Folic acid —Vitamin B
- All blood cells formed come from a hematopoietic stem cell.
- These cells can become any blood cell.
- Each type of blood cell performs a different function.
- Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (Leukocytes)
- Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Red Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes or RBCs — Most abundant cell in the blood (4 million – 6 million per microliter of blood) — Formed in the bone marrow — Mature forms do NOT have a nucleus — Shaped as biconcave disks — 6-8 micrometers in diameter —Life span of about 120 days — Hemoglobin (iron protein)is found in the RBC — Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and carbon dioxide binds to the RBC and is taken to the lungs to be exhaled.
Platelets — Thrombocytes or PLTs — Formed in the bone marrow — Fragments from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes — Smallest of the blood cells — 1-4 micrometers in diameter — Shape can be round, oval, or appear spiky — Life span of around 8-12 days
- Platelets — Involved in the clotting process — Seal wounds and prevent blood loss — Help repair damaged vessels — 150,000 – 400,000 per microliter of blood —Platelets stain bluish with reddish or purple granules