definition
•TRACHEA is a FLEXIBLE
FIBRO-CARTILAGENOUS
WINDPIPE, lying in the
MIDLINE, in the lower part
of NECK & in the SUPERIOR
MEDIASTINUM, forming the
beginning of LOWER
RESPIRATIORY TRACT
LUMEN &
GAP
TOPICS OF TRACHEA
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Here, Trachea is discussed in brief. Please learn the whole thing from your main book first, then move to this. Everything will be clear to you then.
Typology: Lecture notes
2018/2019
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de fi nition
- TRACHEA is a FLEXIBLE FIBRO-CARTILAGENOUS WINDPIPE, lying in the MIDLINE, in the lower part of NECK & in the SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM, forming the beginning of LOWER RESPIRATIORY TRACT
LUMEN &
GAP
- Its LUMEN is kept OPENED
by 16-20 C-SHAPED
RINGS of HYALINE CARTILAGE
- The GAP between the POSTERIOR FREE ENDS is
bridged by TRACHEALIS
MUSCLE BAND & FIBRO-
ELASTIC LIGAMENT, these permit the EXPANSION OF OESOPHAGUS during food passage
DIMENSIONS
LENGTH: 10-15 cm
CRICOID
CARTILAGE
- (lower border of
CRICIOID
CARTILAGE)
- (lower border of C Vertebra)
- (continuous with the lower end of LARYNX)
- (NECK region)
- (covered by ISTHMOUS of THYROID GLAND = shield) This is called -
CERVICAL PART OF
TRACHEA
lowER END:
Lower Border of T4^ Vertebra
- (^) Bifurcates into R/L Principal Bronchi This is called - THORACIC PART OF TRACHEA
EXTENT
- Passes DOWNWARD + BACKWARD behind MANUBRIUM
- Occurs TRACHEAL BIFURCATION a LITTLE RIGHT SIDE, at the level of (St. ANGLE) (T4)
Anterior
Relations OF The
thoracic part
- Manubrium
- STERNOTHYROID
- (^) VEINS: LEFT BRACHEOCEPHALIC VEIN, INFERIOR THYROID VEIN
- ARTERY: AOA & its 2 Branch (B+C)
- NERVE: Cardiac PLEXUS (DEEP)
- LYMPH NODES
- THYMUS
Posterior Relations
1. OESOPHAGUS
2. VERTEBRAL COLUMN
RIGHT
RELATIONS
- AZYGOS VEIN
- RIGHT VAGUS NERVE
NERVE SUPPLY –
PARASYMPATHETIC: Done by
VAGI + RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVES
TYPE:
*MOTOR to TRACHEALIS
*SENSORY & SECRETOMOTOR
to MM
SYMPATHETIC: Done by
MID CERVICAL GANGLION (fibres)
TYPE:
*VASOMOTOR
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE –
Drains to
PARATRACHEAL & PRETRACHEAL nodes
CLINICAL ANATOMY of
TRACHEA
TRACHEOSTOMY
FIG: TRACHEOSTOMY
CLINICAL ANATOMY of
TRACHEA
TRACHEAL
SHADOW IN
RADIOGRAPH
In RADIOGRAPH, TRACHEA is seen as A VERTICAL TRANSLUCENT SHADOW in front of CERVICO- THORACIC SPINE
This is due to presence of - A I R I N T R A C H E A L L U M E N
CLINICAL ANATOMY of
TRACHEA
MEDIASTINAL
SHIFT
- Generally, we palpate TRACHEA in SUPRA-STERNAL NOTCH, in MEDIAN PLANE
- But if, there is any shift of the TRACHEA to R/L from the exact position, is called - M E D I A S T I N A L S H I F T
CLINICAL ANATOMY of
TRACHEA
Importance of
Posteriorly incomplete
tracheal rings
- So that, OESOPHAGUS can dilate during food passage
- So that, the diameter of TRACHEA can be CONTROLLED BY TRACHEALIS Only while, the VOCAL CORD is CLOSED, This MUSCLE – - Narrows TRACHEA’s caliber - Compresses the containing air Again, at the time of COUGHING or SNEEZING, This MUSCLE –
- Increases the force of compressed air