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THEOLOGY Lesson 1 I. Theology Defined, Study notes of Theology

University of Manila (UM)Theology

Theology is “the study of God and the relations between God and the universe.” Christian Theology is this same study from a Christian perspective. Christian Theology examines the doctrines developed by the Christian Church. Lesson 2 II. Objectives At the completion of this module, you should understand the following: How and approximately when the Canon of Scripture was developed. How the three branches of the Christian Church view the Apocrypha. When the Septuagint was completed, and the impor

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THEOLOGY
Lesson 1
I. Theology Defined
Theology is “the study of God and the relations between God and the universe.”
Christian Theology is this same study from a Christian perspective.
Christian Theology examines the doctrines developed by the Christian Church.
Lesson 2
II. Objectives
At the completion of this module, you should understand the following:
How and approximately when the Canon of Scripture was developed.
How the three branches of the Christian Church view the Apocrypha.
When the Septuagint was completed, and the importance of this in relation to Old Testament
prophecy.
Some tests for including a Book in the New Testament Canon.
The central theme of the Bible.
The organization and primary emphases of the Apostles Creed and the Nicene Creed.
Monotheism and how to define the Trinity.
Attributes of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Where in Scripture to find the lists of spiritual gifts.
The attributes and purpose of angels.
The nature and work of Satan and his demons.
The Biblical account of the creation of man.
The fall of man, and the resulting curse.
God’s redemptive plan for the world.
The nature of sin and its effects.
The doctrine of soteriology and all related topics covered.
Election and related topics.
The topics included under the doctrine of last things.
The Kingdom of God.
The Church, and Who Started the Church.
Three different views held by the church concerning the elements used in communion. Be able
to explain “symbolic commemoration.”
Eight Biblical Covenants.
The problem of evil.
How to pray.
Lesson 3
1 | P a g e
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THEOLOGY

Lesson 1 I. Theology Defined  Theology is “the study of God and the relations between God and the universe.”  Christian Theology is this same study from a Christian perspective.  Christian Theology examines the doctrines developed by the Christian Church. Lesson 2 II. Objectives At the completion of this module, you should understand the following:  How and approximately when the Canon of Scripture was developed.  How the three branches of the Christian Church view the Apocrypha.  When the Septuagint was completed, and the importance of this in relation to Old Testament prophecy.  Some tests for including a Book in the New Testament Canon.  The central theme of the Bible.  The organization and primary emphases of the Apostles Creed and the Nicene Creed.  Monotheism and how to define the Trinity.  Attributes of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.  Where in Scripture to find the lists of spiritual gifts.  The attributes and purpose of angels.  The nature and work of Satan and his demons.  The Biblical account of the creation of man.  The fall of man, and the resulting curse.  God’s redemptive plan for the world.  The nature of sin and its effects.  The doctrine of soteriology and all related topics covered.  Election and related topics.  The topics included under the doctrine of last things.  The Kingdom of God.  The Church, and Who Started the Church.  Three different views held by the church concerning the elements used in communion. Be able to explain “symbolic commemoration.”  Eight Biblical Covenants.  The problem of evil.  How to pray. Lesson 3

III. Canon of Scripture The word canon comes from a Latin word meaning “measuring line or rule.”2 The Canon of Scripture refers to those Books accepted by the Church as being inspired by God. A Book that is a part of the canon is said to be canonical. The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and Protestant Churches all consider the books of the Bible accepted in the Jewish canon to be divinely inspired. Following the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in A.D. 70, a group of Jewish scholars gathered at Jabneh or Jamnia, a village about thirty miles west of Jerusalem, and from about A.D. 90 to A.D. 100, finalized the Jewish Canon. The Christian Church divides the twenty-four Books of the Jewish canon into thirty-nine Books. In addition to these thirty-nine Books accepted by the three branches of the Christian Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church considers some additional Books to be inspired. These additional Books are called Apocryphal (from a Greek word meaning hidden or secretive). The Apocrypha is not accepted in the Jewish canon. The Eastern Orthodox Church considers all fourteen of the Apocryphal Books found in the Septuagint to be inspired. The Septuagint is the version of the Old Testament that was translated from Hebrew to Greek during the third century BC.4 The Roman Catholic Church accepts eleven Books of the Apocrypha, but considers them to be “deuterocanonical,” or of secondary importance to the thirty-nine Books.5 The Protestant churches may consider the Apocrypha to be useful for historical purposes, but the Protestants do not believe that God inspired the Apocrypha. In A.D. 367 Athanasius (ca. A.D. 296–373), Bishop of Alexandria, Egypt, sent a letter at Easter presenting the list of twenty-seven New Testament Books used widely in the church today. The same canon was approved in the west by a papal declaration in A.D. 405. In North Africa, this canon was endorsed at the Synods of Hippo (A.D. 393) and Carthage (A.D. 397). But a council of the entire church never approved the canon. While the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant Churches all agree on the New Testament canon, the Ethiopian Church has a different canon. It is important to know when Scripture was completed. Although the Jewish Canon (Old Testament) was not in place until the close of the first century A.D., the Old Testament was completed prior to its translation in the third century B.C. from Hebrew to the Greek Septuagint. So, the Old Testament prophecies of Christ certainly were written centuries prior to the incarnation of Christ. These Messianic prophecies were not written after Jesus lived on earth. The Books in the New Testament Canon were completed during the first century A.D. If they had been written hundreds of years later, some people would claim that they contain legends or errors. But they were written at a time when many people were alive who had seen Jesus—the greatest man who ever lived. No doubt these witnesses had vivid memories of the Messiah who spoke with great wisdom, healed all sorts of illnesses, and even raised the dead. These witnesses would have disputed the New Testament Books, if the Books had been false. In fact, the Church has rejected many false books that claim to be Scriptural. Such false books were written between 200 B.C. and 600 A.D. and are called The Pseudepigrapha (which means “the false writings”). In the first century, some people in the church were using the New Testament Books. But it was not until the fourth century that these Books were canonized by most of the Christian Church.