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Typology: Study notes
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Bronchus
Smooth muscle
Forms band around tube
Cartilage breaks into pieces
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Conspicuous branches
Artery has numerous elastic laminae like aorta
Vein is thicker w large muscular tunica media
Efferent Arteriole
efferent arteriole
acidophilic cytoplasm
the dista
Secrete
extraglom
Kidney
Nephrons
Units of the kidney
Renal Corpuscle
In each nephron
In each renal corpuscle
Hollow sac of simple squamous epithelium
Glomerulus
Knot of capillaries in Bowman's Capsule
Visceral Wall
Layer applied to the glomerulus
Mass of confused blood vessel walls intermixed with larger cell nuceli
Urinary Space
Proximal tubule
Highly coiled segment
Runs inward toward medulla
Empties nito thinner distal tubule
Contains all glomeruli and ducts are not straight
Medulla
Looks regularly striated
Apex of pyramid
Calyx
Funnel shaped
Ureter
Calyces and pelvis are consistent with ureter
Thick and conspicuous muscularis
Esophagus
Muscularis is skeletal muscle
Stomach
Muscularis is thick with 3 layers
Inner oblique, middle
circular, outer longitudinal
Deeply infolded epithelium into rugae
makes epithelium and lamina propria
hard to see
Looks like random
occasional nuclei
Rugae increase surface
area for absorption like
plica circularis of small
intestine and temporary
folds of large intestine
Each invagination consists of a pit
and a gland
Cardiac Portion
Protects against acid reflux
wider pits than fundic region
Majority of epithelial cells secrete
mucus
Cardiac glands look similar
to mucus glands in
esophagus
Pyloric Region
Branching, coiled-tubular
mucous glands
Look like Brunners
Cells of duodenum
part of pit and
above muscularis
and Brunners are
deep to muscularis
Pyloric Sphincter
Thickening of
muscularis at the
terminal portion of
pylorus
Duodenum
Abrupt change in mucosa appearance from
pylorus
Epithelium invaginated from
lumen to intestinal wall
Villi
Epithelium also thrown up into the
lumen
tips called lacteals
Microvilli on villi
Lamina propria is far more noticeable
granules, but are periodically
discharged and not always visible
This is lysozyme
Protects duodenum from acidic
discharge
Here there are only straight glands, no villi. From the outer longitudinal layer of the
muscularis externa the taenia coli are derived. These are the three longitudinal
bands of muscle that allowed you to identify the colon in anatomy lab.
Pancreas
gland in appearance
Side towards lumen packed with acidophilic
secretion granules including the digestive
enzymes
clusters of modified acini, that have
lost all connection to the ducts and
secrete only into circulatory system
Source of insulin, glucagon, and
somatostatin
Centro-acinar cells - distinguish from parotid
gland
Intercalated duct cells that are
pushed into the middle of the acinus
orange-pink