Tissue Bio Final Practical Review, Study notes of Biology

Download Tissue Bio Final Practical Review and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Tissue Final Practical

Olfactory Epithelium / Nasal Cavity

Lung

Bronchus

• Tube lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium thrown into folds

Smooth muscle

Forms band around tube

Cartilage breaks into pieces

• Lamina Propria
  • Connective tissue between epithelium and smooth muscle

Pulmonary arteries and veins

Conspicuous branches

Artery has numerous elastic laminae like aorta

Vein is thicker w large muscular tunica media

• Bronchi, veins and arteries enter lung in group called radix or root

Bronchioles

• Lamina propia and submucosa become thinner

Thin layer of smooth muscle around

Epithelium in folds

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Lung

Kidney

• Outer Zone
  • Tubules are all thick
  • Consist of proximal, distal and collecting tubules
• Inner Zone
  • Segments appear much thinner
• Ureter
• Pelvis drains into

Efferent Arteriole

• Drains blood away from glomerulus
• Afferent Arteriole
• Blood towards glomerulus
• Macula densa
• Plate of flattened cells where distal tubule meets

efferent arteriole

• Proximal Tubules
  • Much more numerous
  • Made of columnar or high cuboidal cells with deeply

acidophilic cytoplasm

• Cells occlude the small lumen
• Brush border on lumen end - microvilli
  • Distal Tubules
    • Smaller,
    • Paler cel
    • Brush bo
  • Collecting Tubules
    • Low epit
    • So pale t
    • Increase
  • Macula Densa
    • Flat row

the dista

• Juxtaglomerular cel
  • enlarged

Secrete

• Pale cell
• Extraglomerular Me
• Between
• Juxtaglomerular app
• Made of

extraglom

Kidney

Nephrons

Units of the kidney

Renal Corpuscle

In each nephron

• Bowman’s Capsule

In each renal corpuscle

Hollow sac of simple squamous epithelium

Glomerulus

Knot of capillaries in Bowman's Capsule

• Parietal Wall
  • Easily visible simple squamous epithelium

Visceral Wall

Layer applied to the glomerulus

Mass of confused blood vessel walls intermixed with larger cell nuceli

Urinary Space

• Space between the walls

Proximal tubule

Highly coiled segment

Runs inward toward medulla

Empties nito thinner distal tubule

• Cortex
  • Looks irregular

Contains all glomeruli and ducts are not straight

Medulla

Looks regularly striated

• Straight ducts
• Pyramids
• Papilla

Apex of pyramid

Calyx

Funnel shaped

• Surround every papillae

Ureter

Ureter

• Renal pelvis narrows to a tube (ureter)
• Very narrow lamina propria

Calyces and pelvis are consistent with ureter

Thick and conspicuous muscularis

Parotid Gland

Submandibular Gland

Submandibular Gland

Mixture of serous and mucous (white spots) acini

Show empty areas in cytoplasm of cells representing dissolved

mucus (smaller than sublingual)

Esophagus

Esophagus

• Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
• Very thin lamina propria and muscularis mucosae
• Submucosa is loose connective tissue

Muscularis is skeletal muscle

Cardiac Portion

Stomach

Muscularis is thick with 3 layers

Inner oblique, middle

circular, outer longitudinal

Deeply infolded epithelium into rugae

makes epithelium and lamina propria

hard to see

Looks like random

occasional nuclei

Rugae increase surface

area for absorption like

plica circularis of small

intestine and temporary

folds of large intestine

Each invagination consists of a pit

and a gland

Cardiac Portion

Protects against acid reflux

• Nice, even surface mucous cells and

wider pits than fundic region

Majority of epithelial cells secrete

mucus

Cardiac glands look similar

to mucus glands in

esophagus

Pyloric Region

Pyloric Region

Branching, coiled-tubular

mucous glands

Look like Brunners

Cells of duodenum

• However in pyloric,

part of pit and

above muscularis

and Brunners are

deep to muscularis

• Parietal and chief cells absent

Pyloric Sphincter

Thickening of

muscularis at the

terminal portion of

pylorus

Duodenum

Duodenum

Abrupt change in mucosa appearance from

pylorus

• Intestinal Crypts

Epithelium invaginated from

lumen to intestinal wall

Villi

Epithelium also thrown up into the

lumen

• Villi have empty space in their

tips called lacteals

Microvilli on villi

Lamina propria is far more noticeable

• Paneth Cell
  • Cell found in depth of crypts
  • Easy to notice eosinophilic

granules, but are periodically

discharged and not always visible

This is lysozyme

• Brunner’s Glands
  • Uppermost portion of duodenum

Protects duodenum from acidic

discharge

Colon

Here there are only straight glands, no villi. From the outer longitudinal layer of the

muscularis externa the taenia coli are derived. These are the three longitudinal

bands of muscle that allowed you to identify the colon in anatomy lab.

Pancreas

Pancreas

• Glandular Mass that resembles the parotid

gland in appearance

Side towards lumen packed with acidophilic

secretion granules including the digestive

enzymes

• Islets of Langerhans
  • Pale staining masses of tissue,

clusters of modified acini, that have

lost all connection to the ducts and

secrete only into circulatory system

Source of insulin, glucagon, and

somatostatin

Centro-acinar cells - distinguish from parotid

gland

Intercalated duct cells that are

pushed into the middle of the acinus

• Pancreatic acini are acidophilic and strain bright

orange-pink