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TITLE IX – TEST ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
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List of books - ANSWERS-Title IX (Linda Carpenter & Vivian Acosta), Equal Opport. for Transgender Student Athletes (Griffin & Carroll), Equity and Title IX in Intercollegiate Athletics: Partial Guide (Judge & O'Brien), Step by Step: Practical Guide (Women's Sport Foundation)
Godmother of Title IX was? - ANSWERS-Bernice Sandler
The first president of the Assoication of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was? - ANSWERS-Carole Oglesby
Indiana Senator instrumental in pass of Title IX was? - ANSWERS-Birch Bayh
Most recent Carpenter/Acosta Study 08' reported what % of mens intercollegiate team coaches by women? - ANSWERS-57%
Policy Interpretations - ANSWERS-Dec 11 78' HEW draft and then final set in effect Dec 11 79' (72=law, 75=regulations/goals force of law, 79=policy interpretations/yardstick to measure goal attainment worthy of judicial deference same for letters of clarification*)
Three regulations made by Valerie Bonnette - ANSWERS-Accommodation of Interest and Abilities, Athletics Financial Assistance, and 11 other program areas
Javits Amendment - ANSWERS-Significant area of financial difference due to gender neutral consideration (ex. football vs. fh equipment) arose after defeat of Tower Amendment
1990 Athletics Investigator Manual - ANSWERS-does not have force of law, gives individuals systematic guide to follow
1996 Letter of Clarification - ANSWERS-Norma Cantu Ass. Sec of Civil Rights Appendix C
1998 Letter of Clarification - ANSWERS-Financial Aid and defines "substantially equal" Appendix D
be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance"
When was Title IX enacted - ANSWERS-June 23, 1972 by Congress (legislative branch) and signed by Pres Nixon (executive branch) BUT 6 yr compliance period to 1978 and interpretations of the law by federal courts (judicial branch)
Comments about the law were about - ANSWERS-90% athletics, 10% athletics, physical education, rec, or sports
What defines a participant - ANSWERS-Receiving coaching, equipment, medical & training services, on eligibility list from 1st day of competition, injured list but getting financial aid
Separate but equal teams allowed in contact sports - ANSWERS-1970s= wrestling, boxing, rugby, football, basketball, ice hockey, any other bodily contact sport
1st marathon for women in Olympics - ANSWERS-
Interest and abilities - ANSWERS-Permits female try out for male non-contact team if no non-contact women's team available
Three-prong test - ANSWERS-Participation oppt substantially proportionate to enrollment % male & female (5%), show historical and continued program
expansion for underrepresented sex, demonstrate accommodating interest and abilities for under represented sex
11 Other Program Areas - ANSWERS-Compliance based on benefit received rather than dollars expended (Equipment & supplies, scheduling, travel, tutoring, coaching, facilities, medical, housing & dining, publicity, support services, recruitment)
Booster funds - ANSWERS-If accepting funds, AD find other funding sources to achieve equity
HSAAA 2011 - ANSWERS-High School Athletic Association Act
Teachers grouping by sex is illegal according to Title IX - ANSWERS-Yes (Group students NOT by sex, but by body size, weight, height, maturation, ability, age, and objective standards) unless for religious reasons and it is a contact sport
Title IX and Phys Ed - ANSWERS-1) Do not deny underrepresented sex aid, benefit, service, 2) apply different rules/punishments of behavior, 3) treat students different for eligibility, tuition and fees, 4) aid or discriminate by renting to outside group, 5) limit enjoyment of any right, privilege, advantage, or opportunity
Can classes in human sexuality be conducted in separate sessions for male and females? - ANSWERS-Yes
AIAW (71) vs NCAA - ANSWERS-NCAA loose battle to exclude athletics from Title IX b/c AIAW cited Sherman Anti-Trust Acts says NCAA denied free trade by controlling financial resources (1982 AIWA folded and could not compete w/ NCAA resources)
Amateur Sports Act 1978 - ANSWERS-Ended dispute b/ween AAU and NCAA and set increased opportunities for females in the US Olympic Committee
NCAA 1st women president - ANSWERS-1993 Judy Sweet
Franklin v Gwinnet (92) - ANSWERS-Compensatory and punitive damages possible for successful Title IX plaintiffs after this case (start of realistic threats/aggressive enforcement)
Cannon v University of Chicago (79) - ANSWERS-Individual has private right of action, which means options of filing an internal, OCR complaint, or lawsuit
North Haven Board of Education v Bell (82) - ANSWERS-Employees are protected under Title IX as well as students (employees also covered under Title VII anti discrimination legislation)
Grove City College v Bell (84) - ANSWERS-Indirect federal funding triggers Title IX jurisdiction (No teeth from 84-88 until Restoration Act 88)
Civil Rights Restoration Act 87-88' - ANSWERS-Word "program" doesn't refer to entire institution, just the subunit BUT this was overturned due to this law, (During 84-88 there was no teeth to Title IX enforcement until this law)
Blair v Washington State University (87) - ANSWERS-Revenue sports such as football and all other subsets of teams should be treated equally (02- proportionality prong reaffirmed this)
Haffer v Temple University (88) - ANSWERS-Settled with a consent order (more $ on represented sex side is not an excuse for benefits discrimination) to help provide guidelines for measuring compliance and benefits
Cook v Colgate (93) - ANSWERS-Plaintiffs filed as individuals and not as class action lawsuit caused case to be dismissed b/c their graduating
Favia v IUP (93) - ANSWERS-Expanding opportunities in future is not sufficient to avoid current compliance probs and dropping same amount of women's and mens sports
Gonyo v Drake U (93) - ANSWERS-Dismissed case b/c partipcation percent to enrollment was favored for represented sex
Roberts v Colorado State U (93) - ANSWERS-Courts can oder an instiution to reinstate a specific sport
Mercer v Duke U (02) - ANSWERS-Only applies in district which it was held, Mercer won $
Settlements - ANSWERS-Approval of court but w/out outcome of being determined by the court
Minority Females - ANSWERS-Limited resources, lack of facilities, and coaching played role for low numbers
Title IX counts money in financial aid and in the other areas but not? - ANSWERS-Not in opportutnies, and benefits (they are reviewed for compliance)
Fastest growing women sport? - ANSWERS-Soccer
Prior to Title IX what percentage of women's programs (coaches and AD) was women? - ANSWERS-90%
What percetange of women's coach male sports? - ANSWERS-2% and that number has not changed since 1972
Faragher v City of Boca Raton (98) - ANSWERS-Employer is liable for employee- to-employee sexual harassment (responsible whether they know about specific harassment of not)
11th Amendment - ANSWERS-States have immunity from being sued in federal court for violation of a federal statue
Tower Amendment - ANSWERS-74' attempt to delete revenue-producing sports but dies in committee
14t Amendment - ANSWERS-Requires defendant be a "state-actor" but does not require presence of federal financial aid
19th Amendment - ANSWERS-1920 let women have right to vote
Intended consequences of Title IX - ANSWERS-Massive increase in women participation, invasion of male turf, other opportunities such as self confidence, leadership, teamwork, education empowerment
Unintended consequences of Title IX - ANSWERS-Spot specialization, elimination of sports, decrease in JV, losing fun in sport, NCAA takeover, championship eliminated, adverse effects on black women, women v. men controversy, lost male spt opportunities, football/bball as cash cows, loss of leadership roles for women in AD and coach positions `
A Hero for Daisy Movie - ANSWERS-Tension b/ween men and women sports, women had lack of everything! Women protested got naked and wrote Title IX on their body, Chris main character (Olypmic rower)
