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Tooth Structure and Development, Summaries of Histology

Madhya Pradesh Medical Science UniversityHistology

A detailed overview of the structure and development of teeth. It covers the key components of a tooth, including dentin, enamel, cementum, periodontium, and pulp. The document also explains the embryonic development of a tooth, describing the formation of the enamel organ, dental papilla, and the differentiation of enamel-forming and dentin-forming cells. The information presented in this document could be useful for students studying topics related to human anatomy, histology, and embryology, particularly in the fields of dentistry and medicine. The fundamental aspects of tooth structure and development, which are essential knowledge for understanding oral health and related medical conditions.

Typology: Summaries

2022/2023

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FGAOU VO "CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER V. I. VERNADSKY"
INSTITUTE “MEDICAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER S.I. GEORGIEVSKY "
Department of Histology and Embryology
Academic minimum for theme – “Teeth. Structure and development of tooth
TOOTH
A tooth consists of an “upper” part, the crown, which is seen in the mouth, neck and one or more
roots, which are embedded in sockets of the jawbones.
The tooth is formed by three dense (dentin, enamel, and cementum) and two soft (periodontium
and pulp) tissues.
1. Dentin is made of a calcified ground substance with numerous
collagen fibers. The calcium salts are mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite compose 70% of dentin.
Dentin is penetrated by the numerous fine canaliculi (dentinal tubules) that pass radially from the
pulp cavity towards the enamel or cementum. Each dentinal tubule contains a
protoplasmic process arising from the cells called odontoblasts that line the pulp cavity.
2. The enamel is the hardest material in the body. It is made up almost entirely (96%) of inorganic
salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate in the form of the complex crystals of
hydroxyapatite).
The organic component consists of glycoproteins which compose the fibrils (25 nm thick).
Those fibrils together with the crystals of hydroxyapatite between them are arranged in the form
of S-shaped prisms (3–5 μ thick). They are connected by the interprismatic cementum.
3. The cementum covers the root of a tooth. Near the apex of the root, the cement contains cells
similar to osteocytes (cementocytes) – cellular cementum. Another part of the cementum is called
acellular cementum and contains no cells.
4. Cementum is covered by a periodontal ligament. It fixes the tooth in its socket (alveole).
It contains numerous nerve endings that provide sensory information.
5. The dental pulp is made up of loose connective tissue. Delicate collagen fibers, connective tissue
cells, numerous blood, and lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers are present (Fig. 21.3).
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FGAOU VO "CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER V. I. VERNADSKY"

INSTITUTE “MEDICAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER S.I. GEORGIEVSKY "

Department of Histology and Embryology Academic minimum for theme – “Teeth. Structure and development of tooth TOOTH A tooth consists of an “upper” part, the crown, which is seen in the mouth, neck and one or more roots, which are embedded in sockets of the jawbones. The tooth is formed by three dense (dentin, enamel, and cementum) and two soft (periodontium and pulp) tissues.

  1. Dentin is made of a calcified ground substance with numerous collagen fibers. The calcium salts are mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite compose 70% of dentin. Dentin is penetrated by the numerous fine canaliculi (dentinal tubules) that pass radially from the pulp cavity towards the enamel or cementum. Each dentinal tubule contains a protoplasmic process arising from the cells called odontoblasts that line the pulp cavity.
  2. The enamel is the hardest material in the body. It is made up almost entirely (96%) of inorganic salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate in the form of the complex crystals of hydroxyapatite). The organic component consists of glycoproteins which compose the fibrils (25 nm thick). Those fibrils together with the crystals of hydroxyapatite between them are arranged in the form of S-shaped prisms (3–5 μ thick). They are connected by the interprismatic cementum.
  3. The cementum covers the root of a tooth. Near the apex of the root, the cement contains cells similar to osteocytes (cementocytes) – cellular cementum. Another part of the cementum is called acellular cementum and contains no cells.
  4. Cementum is covered by a periodontal ligament. It fixes the tooth in its socket (alveole). It contains numerous nerve endings that provide sensory information.
  5. The dental pulp is made up of loose connective tissue. Delicate collagen fibers, connective tissue cells, numerous blood, and lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers are present (Fig. 21.3).

Tooth development A tooth in embryogenesis is developed from two sources. The thickening of the epithelium of the oral cavity grows into the underlying mesenchyme and enlarges to form an enamel organ (bud, cap, and bell stages), which contains external, internal epithelium layers and stellate reticulum between. The enamel organ is invaginated by a mass of mesenchymal cells that form the dental papilla. As a result of this invagination, the enamel organ becomes cup-shaped. The cells that line the inner wall of its cup-shaped lower end (internal epithelium layer) differentiate into columnar cells that are called enameloblasts – the enamel-forming cells. Mesenchymal cells of the papilla form an epithelium-like layer of odontoblasts – dentine forming cells. They persist as a lining for the future pulp cavity. From the dental papilla, the pulp is also developed. From the surrounding dental follicle (sac) – cementum and periodontium are developed.