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The role of socialization and enculturation in shaping the behavior of children and teens. It emphasizes the importance of parents making it a priority to teach and reinforce correct behavior, rather than just focusing on rewards and punishments. The text also touches upon the challenges of identifying and reinforcing values, norms, and beliefs, and the potential consequences of neglecting this complex task.
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Life is like playing a violin in public and Learning the instrument as one goes on. Edward Bulwer-Lytton The violin virtuoso whose concerts are sold-out has spent innumerable hours of practice to achieve such fame. That person wouldn’t think of inviting the public to a practice session because of the flaws they might hear. We aren’t virtuosos, yet we’re always on view to others. Everyone, we hope, gets to see our good performances and not the bad. We strive with impatience and disappointment in our striving to “look good” in front of others. Yet we’re all struggling in front of one another. Adapted from Night Life, by Amy E. Dean
The processes of socialization and enculturation teach children to take others, society, and common sense into consideration in their actions. Whether it is their impulses, drives, or the pull of pleasing and being a part of, their behavior can be more likely to be conforming to the norms/expectations of parents, other significant others and society than notif and only if parents are making this priority their primary concern.
If the socialization has taken place, but is not internalized, the only control on the child’s behavior is the fear of punishment. Complete socialization takes place when one being socialized doesn’t even think about reward and punishment, but knows whether the behavior is right or wrong even before they engage in it.
Even then they may choose to act in a deviant manner. There may be a great deal of cognitive dissonance and the drive for immediate gratification may win out over “doing the next right thing.” They may rationalize, intellectualize, and engage in “poor me’s,” leading to predictable results.
There are other issues that one must take into consideration in evaluating their behavior. One has to determine whether they really learned how to behave. It is insufficient to teach the shoulds, oughts, and mustn’ts (enculturation); one must teach the correct/expected/normative behavior and reinforce it enough so that itis internalized (socialization). One must also determine whether they have matured in the sense that they are able to make distinctions of kind and able to see grays as well as blacks and whites. It is always surprising when one encounters an individual that doesn’t have a clue abut this, but the reality is that while it is unusual, it is not improbable.
Parents often neglect parts of the complex task of identifying the values, norms, and beliefs with the required and desired behaviors. We assume incorrectly that our children can make the connections, the transfer of learning to new situations, and generalize, but we do little to reinforce the “good” behavior; we assume that if we taught it, they learned it. Is it any wonder why they become anomic, alienated, and marginal?