PORTS
HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS
- A major problem that faces transportation
engineers when they consider human
characteristics or factors—usually
referred to as ergonomics
HUMAN RESPONSE PROCESS
- Actions taken by operators and users of
transportation systems
VISUAL RECEPTION
- The receipt of stimuli by the eye.
VISUAL ACUITY
- the ability of an observer to resolve fine
details of an object.
-
TWO TYPES OF VISUAL ACUITY:
- STATIC ACUITY is the ability of a person
to resolve fine details of an object when
both the person and the object are
stationary.
- The ability of individuals to resolve fine
details of an object that has a relative
angular movement depends on their
DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY,
VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS (VMSS), sometimes
referred to as changeable message signs
(CMSs), are now commonly used to give real-
time information on traffic conditions and
parking availability.
PERIPHERAL VISION:
Peripheral vision is the ability of an individual to
see objects beyond the cone of clearest vision.
Most people have clear vision within a conical
angle of 3–5 degrees and fairly clear vision within
a conical angle of 10–12 degrees. Although
objects can be seen beyond this zone, details
and color are not clear. The cone for peripheral
vision could be one subtending up to 160°, but
this value is affected by the relative speed of the
object.
COLOR VISION is the ability of an individual to
differentiate one color from another.
GLARE VISION AND RECOVERY
- Direct glare occurs when relatively bright
light appears in the individual’s field of
vision, and
- Specular glare occurs as a result of a
reflected image by a relatively bright light
appearing in an individual’s field of vision.
DEPTH PERCEPTION
- Is the ability of an individual to estimate
speed and distance.
HEARING PERCEPTION
- Occurs when the ear receives sound
stimuli.
WALKING SPEEDS
- These are important in the design of many
transportation systems.
- Pedestrian movements may vary between
0.9 and 1.8 m/s.
PERCEPTION REACTION TIME
- Is the time period between the time a
driver perceives an obstruction and the
time action is taken to avoid the object.
- 2.5s
