Download Tulane Psych 1000 Bethany Rollins Test 4 Latest Test Bank 2025-2026. Questions & Answers and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Tulane Psych 1000 Bethany Rollins Test
4 Latest Test Bank 2025-2026. Questions
& Correct Answers. Graded A
According to the Eysencks, upon what biological factors were these trait dimensions based? – ANS Extraverts' normal brain arousal is relatively low and dopamine neural activity is higher Introverts' frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition is more active (PET scans) agoraphobia - ANSfear or avoidance of public situations from which escape might be difficult avoid being outside the home, in a crowd, or in an elevator Are people with mental illness more likely to perpetrate violence or be victims of violence? Are most people with psychological disorders dangerous? - ANSMost mentally ill people aren't violent, except those experiencing threatening delusions/hallucinations. People with mental illness are more likely to be the victims of violence than perpetrators. As mentioned in class, with what idea is Jung associated? Adler? Horney?
- ANSJung - collective unconscious Adler - inferiority complex Horney - feminist approach to psychodynamic theory
biomedical therapy - ANSprescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology delusions - ANSbeliefs that are firmly held despite a lack of objective supporting evidence, different from hallucinations Dispositional/internal attributions - ANSpeople infer that a person's behavior is due to internal, personal factors such as traits, abilities, or feelings Do all cultures have the same psychological disorders? - ANSno, for example anorexia and bulimia are only found in Western cultures. some psychological disorders are found in all cultures, like depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar. generalized anxiety disorder - ANSexcessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for 6+ months continuous worry, jittery, agitated, sleep-deprived, bad concentration; often accompanied by depressed mood, can lead to high blood pressure hallucinations - ANSperceiving things that aren't actually present How are psychological disorders related to poverty? - ANSit's 2x more common for people living in poverty to develop a psychological disorder because of stressful circumstances
How does love tend to change over the course of time (in terms of passionate and companionate love)? - ANSPassionate love is an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship (more fleeting). Companionate love is the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. Love usually begins as passionate but turns to companionate over time. How does the biopsychosocial model explain psychological disorder? - ANSPsychological disorders are a product of biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences How does the case of Kitty Genovese relate to the bystander effect? - ANSThe study of this idea was started by the murder of Kitty Genovese, who was attacked after leaving work one night, and screamed out for help. No one called police until over a half hour after the attack, even though around 40 people saw at least part of the attack How is prejudice a legitimizing ideology? - ANSIt justifies and maintains inequality on the basis that some people are less capable or worthy How is psychological disorder defined? - ANSa syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior How long does it generally take for antidepressants to become effective? Are people on antidepressants happy all of the time? - ANSSSRIs begin to
influence neurotransmission within hours, but their full effect can take 4 weeks; they don't keep people happy all the time, but prevent depressive episodes Is psychoanalysis a common form of therapy today? - ANSNo because much of its underlying theory is not supported by scientific research Obsessions vs compulsions - ANSobsessions: unwanted and seemingly unending thoughts compulsions: behavioral responses to those thoughts OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) - ANSan anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both panic attack - ANSsudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying panic disorder - ANSAn anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes- long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. psychotherapy - ANStreatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
- invites experts' critiques of plans
- assigns people to identify possible problems What antidepressants are most commonly prescribed today? - ANSSSRI's: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Lexapro What are anxiolytics used to treat? - ANSanti-anxiety drugs, AKA tranquilizers What are attitudes? - ANSfeelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events What are attributions? - ANSinferences we make about the causes of behavior What are benzodiazepines? How do they work (neurotransmitter)? - ANSdrugs that depress CNS activity and produce sedation and relaxation of skeletal muscles; GABA agonists; common examples: Valium, Xanax, Librium What are defense mechanisms (in general), and what is repression? - ANSdefense mechanisms: unconscious psychological and behavioral tactics that protect us from unpleasant emotional experiences repression: ignoring/pushing away emotions out of consciousness What are erogenous zones? - ANSPleasure centers of the body
What are Freud's psychosexual stages of development and what happens during each? - ANSthe childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones What are implicit attitudes? - ANSattitudes that exist outside of conscious awareness What are loose associations? - ANSjumping from topic to topic, and the topics don't seem to be related What are mirror-image perceptions? - ANSmutual views often held by conflicting parties, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive What are mood stabilizers (such as lithium) and what do they treat? - ANSlevels the emotional highs and lows of disorders like bipolar; produces lower suicide rates in bipolar people What are neuroleptics/antipsychotics used to treat? How do they affect dopamine? - ANSdrugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders; dopamine antagonists (blocks it) What are overt attitudes? - ANSattitudes that we consciously express and are aware of having
What are some factors influencing whether a person will get bipolar disorder? - ANSgenetic predisposition, changing levels of neurotransmitters, neuroticism, and stress What are some of the biological, psychological, and social factors involved in depression? - ANSbiological
- genetic predisposition
- neurotransmitter imbalances - decreased serotonin and norepinephrine
- smoking more common in people who are depressed
- exercise helps to relieve depression
- greater physiological reactions to stress psychological/social
- higher levels of neuroticism -greater reaction to negative events and decreased reaction to positive events
- slow self-esteem
- learned helplessness and external locus of control
- perfectionism
- negative explanatory style - overgeneralized, self-blaming, pessimistic conclusions What are some other factors involved in helping? - ANS1) the person appears to need and deserve help
- the person is in some way similar to us
- the person is a woman
- we have just observed someone else being helpful
- we are not in a hurry
- we are in a small town or rural area
- we are feeling guilty
- we are focused on others and not preoccupied
- we are in a good mood What are some phenomena that contribute to prejudice as discussed in class? How do these phenomena contribute to prejudice? - ANSillusory correlations, confirmation bias, in-group favoritism, learning, scapegoating, social inequalities, just-world phenomenon, hindsight bias, blaming the victim, ignorance of one's own privilege What are SSRI's and how do they work? What disorders are the SSRI's used to treat? - ANSSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; prolonging the time serotonin molecules remain in the brain's synapses; used to treat depression but can be effective in treating anxiety disorders, PTSD, OCD, etc What are stereotypes? - ANSgeneralized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) beliefs about a group of people What are the characteristics and methods of Rogers's client-centered therapy? - ANSnondirective therapy where the client leads the discussion; therapists practice acceptance, genuineness, and empathy by listening (without judging or interpreting)
growth; humanistic therapists try to help clients discover new insights (also called insight therapies) What are the id, ego, and superego? What are their characteristics? - ANSid: born with, basic primal instincts; instant gratification, operating in accord to pleasure ego: satisfies the ID in more acceptable ways; reality principle; you can't always get what you want right when u want it;mediates between ID and superego superego: sense of consciousness; morality principle, guilt and pride; perfectionism What are the major problems with Freud's psychoanalytic theory? Is it supported by scientific research? - ANSFreud's theory rests on few objective observations, and parts of it offer few testable hypotheses. He based his theories off of his own recollections and interpretations of patients' free associations, dreams, and slips. Not enough concrete scientific evidence What are the most common types of hallucinations in schizophrenia? - ANS What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSsomething is being taken away; less than the normal amount of behaviors (worse prognosis if displaying more negative symptoms)
- Absence of appropriate behaviors (deficits)
- Flat affect
- Not moving, not doing anything
- Social isolation What are the Oedipus and Electra complexes? - ANSOedipus: a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father Electra: a girl's initial attraction to mother ends; then begins to compete with mother for attention of her father What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSsomething is being added; behaviors that are present, but shouldn't be there; addition of abnormal behaviors
- Presence of inappropriate behaviors
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganized behavior
- Compulsive behaviors What are the psychological, behavioral, and biological features of antisocial personality disorder? What are some biological and social factors that may contribute to this disorder? - ANS- genetic predisposition
- little autonomic nervous system arousal
- stress hormone levels are lower than average
- lacking a sense of social responsibility
- childhood abuse
What characterizes collectivist and individualist cultures? - ANScollectivist culture: giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly (e.g. African and Asian cultures) individualist culture: giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications (e.g. Western culture) What characterizes personality disorders? - ANSinflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning What do measures of implicit attitudes reveal about prejudice? - ANSThe Implicit Association Test (IAT) reveals that people are often more prejudiced than they admit to What does identification refer to in psychoanalytic theory? - ANSthe process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos What does research indicate regarding the effects of exposure to pornography? - ANSthere's a link between pornography use and sexual aggression and an increase in aggression directed specifically at women after exposure. The effects are strongest for violent pornography and depend on the viewer's personality.
What does the GRIT strategy entail? - ANSGraduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions What evidence indicates a link between temperature and aggression? - ANSHigher temperatures predicted increased individual violence, wars, and revolutions What factors may be involved in the development of schizophrenia as covered in class? - ANS- genetic predisposition
- neurotransmitter imbalances
- brain
- neuroticism What factors predict outcome (prognosis) for schizophrenia? - ANSmore likely to respond to medication and improve if the person has mainly positive symptoms What happened in Milgram's standard obedience study? - ANSThe subjects were randomly assigned teacher and learner roles. Learners were supposed to memorize word pairs on which the teacher would test them. If the learner got it wrong, the teacher would shock the learner at an increasing voltage power. The teacher would be able to hear the fake screaming of the learner and the begging to stop but the experimenter would tell them to continue the experiment
What is antisocial personality disorder? - ANSa personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist (antisocial means socially harmful and remorseless, not merely unsociable) What is attribution theory? - ANSthe theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition What is Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism/influences? - ANSthe interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment What is behavioral modification? - ANSthe process of changing patterns of behavior over the long term using various motivational techniques, mainly consequences and rewards What is bipolar disorder? - ANSa group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania What is cognitive dissonance theory? - ANSthe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
What is cognitive dissonance? - ANSthe tension when attitudes and actions don't match What is compliance? - ANSagreeing to a stated request made by someone who is not in a position of authority What is conformity? - ANSadjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard What is deep-brain stimulation? - ANSimplanted electrodes placed in a brain area that functions as the neural "sadness center," supposed to suppress activity in the area What is deindividuation? - ANSthe loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity What is diffusion of responsibility? - ANSreduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others What is discrimination? - ANSunjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members What is dissociative identity disorder? How is it different from schizophrenia? Why is dissociative identity disorder controversial? - ANSa rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits 2+ distinct and alternative identities; controversial because there is a dispute over the meaning of observed symptoms
