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Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. TERM 2
Nullification Crisis
DEFINITION 2 The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. TERM 3
Second Great Awakening
DEFINITION 3 The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement. Gained momentum in the 1820s and 1830s. TERM 4
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
DEFINITION 4 In 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York, She led the first national woman's rights convention in the US. TERM 5
Cherokees
DEFINITION 5 The Cherokee are a Native American tribe indigenous to the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina).
Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek
Signed by the Choctaw Indians and the US Government in September of 1830. Creek Indians refused to move and in 1836 military came in to take care of the problem. TERM 7
John Calhoun
DEFINITION 7 Jackson's vice president. Had just served as vice president under Adams but had broken with Adams's policies. TERM 8
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
DEFINITION 8 were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. TERM 9
Johnson v. McIntosh
DEFINITION 9 a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that held that private citizens could not purchase lands from Native Americans. TERM 10
Slave Codes
DEFINITION 10 were laws in each U.S. state, which defined the status of slaves and the rights of masters.
Manifest Destiny
In the 19th century, this was the widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. TERM 17
James Polk
DEFINITION 17 (November 2, 1795 - June 15, 1849) was the 11th President of the United States (1845-1849). TERM 18
Wilmot Proviso
DEFINITION 18 one of the major events leading to the American Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War; or, in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession. TERM 19
Winfield Scott
DEFINITION 19 was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852. TERM 20
Compromise of 1850
DEFINITION 20 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four- year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).
Stephen Douglas
was an American politician from Illinois and the designer of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. TERM 22
Harriet Beecher Stowe
DEFINITION 22 was an Americanabolitionistand author. Her novelUncle Tom's Cabin(1852) was a depiction of life for African Americans underslavery; it reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States. TERM 23
Democratic Party
DEFINITION 23 championed personal liberty, free competition, and egalitarian opportunity for all white men. TERM 24
Sumner-Brooks Affair
DEFINITION 24 On May 22, Brooks entered the Senate, and beat Sumner over the head with his cane. This was brought about by "The Crime against Kansas" speech delivered by Sumner on May
TERM 25
"Bleeding Kansas"
DEFINITION 25 or the Border War was a series of violent political confrontations in theUnited Statesinvolvinganti-slaveryFree- Statersand pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in theKansas Territoryand the neighboring towns of the state ofMissouribetween 1854 and 1861.
United States Sanitary Commission
a private relief agency created by federal legislation on June 18, 1861, to support sick and wounded soldiers of the U.S. TERM 32
Committee on the Conduct of
War
DEFINITION 32 a government panel in Washington during theAmerican Civil War, whose most controversial function was to investigate the cause ofUnionbattle losses.Its purpose was to investigate such matters as illicit trade with theConfederate states, medical treatment of wounded soldiers, and military contracts. TERM 33
U. S. Grant
DEFINITION 33 was the 18th President of the United States (1869-1877). TERM 34
Emancipation Proclamation
DEFINITION 34 a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch of the United States.It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion. TERM 35
George McClellan
DEFINITION 35 was a major general during the American Civil War and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1864, who later served as Governor of New Jersey.Early in the war, he played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for theUnion.
"The Appeal of the Independent Democrats"
amanifestoissued in January 1854, in response to the introduction into the United States Senate of theKansas- Nebraska Bill. TERM 37
Black Codes
DEFINITION 37 were laws passed bySouthern statesin 1865 and 1866, after theCivil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages ordebt. TERM 38
Reconstruction Acts of 1867
DEFINITION 38 After the end of the American Civil War, as part of the on- going process of Reconstruction, the United States Congress passed four statutes known as.... TERM 39
Roger Taney
DEFINITION 39 He was the eleventhUnited States Attorney General. He is most remembered for delivering the majority opinion inDred Scott v. Sandford(1857), that ruled, among other things, that African- Americans, having been considered inferior at the time theConstitutionwas drafted, were not part of the original community of citizens and, whether free or slave, could not be consideredcitizensof the United States. TERM 40
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
DEFINITION 40 a United States Supreme Court case. The Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits.
American Temperance Union
A national temperance union was formed in the United States
- Shortly thereafter, a second national temperance union was organized and the two groups merged in 1833 to form the ... TERM 47
"Corrupt Bargain"
DEFINITION 47 refers to three historic incidents inAmerican historyin which political agreement was determined by congressional or presidential actions that many viewed to becorruptfrom different standpoints. TERM 48
Nat Turner Revolt
DEFINITION 48 a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, during August 1831. Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55 to 65 people, the highest number of fatalities caused by any slave uprising in the American South. TERM 49
Elijah Lovejoy
DEFINITION 49 an Illinois abolitionist editor killed by a rioting crowd attempting to destroy his printing press. TERM 50
"Gag" rule
DEFINITION 50 a rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration, contribution, or discussion of a particular topic by members of a legislative or decision-making body. (specific to slavery)
Denmark
Vesey
known as Telemaque while enslaved, (1767 - July 2, 1822) was a free black and former slave in Charleston, South Carolina who is noted for his plan for "the rising," a major slave revolt in 1822; by some accounts, it would have involved thousands of slaves in the city and others on plantations miles away. TERM 52
William Seward
DEFINITION 52 wasUnited States Secretary of Statefrom 1861 to 1869, and also served asGovernor of New YorkandUnited States Senator. A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to theAmerican Civil War, he was a dominant figure in theRepublican Party in its formative years. Although regarded as the leading contender for the party's presidential nomination in1860, he was defeated byAbraham Lincoln. TERM 53
Texas
DEFINITION 53 Mexicocontrolled the territory until 1836 when it won its independence, becoming an independentRepublic. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state. The state'sannexationset off a chain of events that caused theMexicanAmerican Warin 1846. Aslave state, it declared its secession from the United States in early 1861, and officially joined theConfederate States of Americaon March 2 of the same year. TERM 54
Mexican War
DEFINITION 54 an armed conflict between the United States and the Centralist Republic of Mexico (which became the Second Federal Republic of Mexico during the war) from 1846 to
- It followed in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas. TERM 55
Popular Sovereignty
DEFINITION 55 the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power.
John Brown
Wanted for killing people in Kansas. Attempted to make a slavery revolt but it failed, he is captured and executed. He did encourage people in deep south to be more suspicious of the union. TERM 62
Free Soil Ideology
DEFINITION 62 opposing the expansion ofslaveryinto the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. TERM 63
James Buchanan
DEFINITION 63 was the 15th President of the United States (1857-1861), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. TERM 64
Freeport Doctrine
DEFINITION 64 was articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois. TERM 65
Fort Sumter
DEFINITION 65 is best known as the site upon which the shots that started the American Civil War were fired, on April 12, 1861. In 1966.
Sherman's March
the military Savannah Campaign in the American Civil War, conducted through Georgia from November 15 to December 21, 1864 by Maj.Sherman TERM 67
Vicksburg
DEFINITION 67 In a series of maneuvers,UnionMaj. Gen.Ulysses S. Grantand hisArmy of the Tennesseecrossed the Mississippi River and drove theConfederateArmy led byLt. Gen.John C. Pembertoninto the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of ... TERM 68
Robert E. Lee
DEFINITION 68 an American soldier best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. TERM 69
Jefferson Davis
DEFINITION 69 an American soldier and politician, and was the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, 1861 to 1865. He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union. TERM 70
Freedmen's
Bureau
DEFINITION 70 established on March 3, 1865, was initiated by PresidentAbraham Lincolnand was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War.[2]It was an important agency of the earlyReconstruction, assisting freedmen in theSouth.
Dorothea Dix
was an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. TERM 77
Whig Party
DEFINITION 77 party formed in opposition to the policies of PresidentAndrew Jacksonand hisDemocratic Party. In particular, they supported the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency and favored a program ofmodernizationandeconomic protectionism. TERM 78
Democratic Party
DEFINITION 78 The party was a proponent for farmers across the country, urban workers, and new immigrants. It advocated westward expansion,Manifest Destiny, greater equality among all white men, and opposition to thenational bank. TERM 79
Seminole War
DEFINITION 79 also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole - the collective name given to the amalgamation of various groups of native Americans and the blacks who settled in Florida in the early 18th century - and the United States Army. TERM 80
Railroads
DEFINITION 80 One of the main transportation that revolutionized transportation in America.
Panic of 1819
the first sharp, large-scale economic downturn in U.S. history. TERM 82
Trail of Tears
DEFINITION 82 a series of forced relocations of Native American nations in the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, who chose not to assimilate with American society, from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern U.S. TERM 83
American Colonization Society
DEFINITION 83 The American Colonization Society, established in 1816 by Robert Finley of New Jersey,an attempt to satisfy two groups in America.Ironically, these groups were on opposite ends of the spectrum involving slavery in the early 1800s,[4]as well as the primary vehicle to support the return of freeAfrican Americansto what was considered greater freedom inAfrica. TERM 84
Frederick Douglas
DEFINITION 84 was an African-American social reformer,orator, writer, andstatesman. After escaping fromslavery, he became a leader of theabolitionistmovement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory[4]and incisive antislavery writing. TERM 85
Oregon Boundary
Dispute
DEFINITION 85 dispute between United Kingdom of Great Britain and the USA over the territory boundaries in the Pacific Northwest.
Daniel Webster
was a leading American senator and statesman during the era of the Second Party System. TERM 92
Uncle Tom's Cabin
DEFINITION 92 an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. TERM 93
Kansas-Nebraska Act
DEFINITION 93 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing white male settlers in those territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory. TERM 94
Know Nothings
DEFINITION 94 was an American political movement that operated on a national basis during the mid-1850s. Wanted to purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants. TERM 95
Transportation Revolution
DEFINITION 95 a technological advance in the transportation system. It gave a new way for all new technological advances such as in farming and industry.
Lecompton Crisis
Proslavery forces in Kansas met in the town of Lecompton, drafted a proslavery constitution, and applied for statehood. Senator Douglas broke with the Democratic administration and denounced the... TERM 97
Harper's Ferry Raid
DEFINITION 97 was an attempt by the white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt in 1859 by seizing a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. TERM 98
Antietam
DEFINITION 98 battle fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. TERM 99
Shiloh
DEFINITION 99 was a major battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6-7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. TERM 100
Chattanooga
DEFINITION 100 a series of maneuvers and battles in October and November 1863, during the American Civil War.
