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UGS 303 Bonevac Final Exam Questions and Verified
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Fitzgerald: "I get to the end of all the logic about non-resistance, and there, like an excluded middle, stands the whole heritage of youth. The surrealists have a perspective closest to that of Freud Communism can be defined as state ownership of the means of production Mussolini's establishment of a National Council of Experts, a minimum wage, a retirement system, and high, progressive tax rates helped to inspire Roosevelt's New Deal The prosperity of the 1920s brought with it a flowering of literature and the arts The problem of normativity concerns the gap between is and ought
In the 19th Century, both Democrats and Republicans adhered to bottom-up political ideologies The Cheka: Lenin's secret police "...here, there and a little everywhere": dada NOT a consequence of the Agricultural Revolution: increased need for labor on farms Pirandello sees as reality as irrational, even contradictory The decentralized, market-driven evolution of social forces resulting from people's free choices is free enterprise Described as "the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen": Sherlock Holmes
Julien Benda: This "formed the rift whereby civilization slipped into the world": hypocrisy Absolute truth, for Ortega y Gasset, is the limit of individual perspectives Which is an instrumental good? hammer Julien Benda sees this group as opposed to civilization, training a group of leaders who no longer believe in their own society or its values: intellectuals Lenin responded to a crisis in Soviet agriculture in 1921 by allowing peasant farmers to own land and seek their crops The Holodomor: Stalin's man-made Ukrainian famine Between 1929 and 1933, the US money supply fell by more than a third
NOT a result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930: ?? "I would close every recruiting station, disband the Army and disarm the Air Force. I would abolish the whole dreadful equipment of war and say to the world, 'Do your worst.'" The author led which political party, in which country? The Labour Party, United Kingdom The event that flipped the balance of power in Europe in Germany's favor: the annexation of the Czech Sudetenland The Enabling Act, passed in 1933, gave all legislative power to Hitler and his cabinet The Night of the Long Knives: the victims were political opponents of Adolf Hitler June 6, 1944: D-Day, the invasion of Normandy Oikophobia is fear or hatred of one's own
Noncognitivism in ethics holds that saying 'Murder is wrong' amounts to saying "Murder: Boo!" Part of Roosevelt's Second New Deal: the Social Security system Rawls's veil of ignorance: those choosing principles of justice in an ideal circumstance should NOT know their natural abilities, propensities, or conception of the good The doctrine that the United States would have to apply occasional counterforce to attempts at Communist expansion: containment Lyotard's definition of postmodernism: incredulity toward metanarratives "the belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations": structuralism Reagan: "the nearest thing to eternal life we'll ever see on this earth": a government bureau
A philosopher holding an end-result theory of justice: rawls "In the end they will lay their freedom at our feet, and say to us, "Make us your slaves, but feed us."" Dostoevsky "Does it require deep intuition to comprehend that man's ideas, views and conceptions, in one word, man's consciousness, changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence, in his social relations and in his social life?" Marx "TloĢ n is surely a labyrinth, but it is a labyrinth devised by men, a labyrinth destined to be deciphered by men." Borges 'But at this rate almost everything one says... turns out to be a sort of lie.' Murdoch "The production of ideas, of conceptions, of consciousness, is at first directly interwoven with the material activity and the material intercourse of men, the language of real life." Marx
Murdoch "He believed in an infinite series of times, in a growing, dizzying net of divergent, convergent and parallel times.This network of times which approached one another, forked, broke off, or were unaware of one another for centuries, embraces all possibilities of time." Borges "But everything so far that has made metaphysical assumptions valuable, frightful, delightful, is passion, error, and self-deceptionāthe worst methods of attaining knowledge, not the very best, have taught us to believe in them." Nietzsche "That the vicissitudes of economic life -- discoveries of raw materials, new technical processes, and scientific inventions -- have their importance, no one denies; but that they suffice to explain human history to the exclusion of other factors is absurd." Mussolini "The substance of my life is a private conversation with myself." Murdoch "Fascism reasserts the rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual." Mussolini "Actions don't lie, words always do." Murdoch
"Everything that we need and which can be given to us only now that the individual sciences have reached their present height, is a chemistry of the moral, religious, and aesthetic conceptions and sensations." Nietzsche "If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State." Mussolini "Every mental state is irreducible: there mere fact of naming it - i.e., of classifying it - implies a falsification." Borges "No code of ethics and no effort are justifiable a priori in the face of the cruel mathematics that command our condition." Camus "And as there will be need for actions which are bad in themselves, and which all those still influenced by traditional morals will be reluctant to perform, the readiness to do bad things becomes a path to promotion and power." Hayek "It is always easy to be logical. It is almost impossible to be logical to the bitter end." Camus
"For every one pupil who needs to be guarded from a weak excess of sensibility there are three who need to be awakened from the slumber of cold vulgarity." Lewis "I draw from the absurd three consequences, which are my revolt, my freedom, and my passion." Camus "...each person participating in a practice, or affected by it, has an equal right to most extensive liberty compatible with a like liberty for all ... " Rawls "...they had somewhere abdicated their responsibilities, somehow breached their primary loyalties .... " Didion " .. inequalities are arbitrary unless it is unreasonable to expect that they will work out for everyone's advantage, and provided the positions and offices to which they attach, or from which they may be gained, are open to all." Rawls "Not: I can prove something because reality is the way I say it is. But: as long as I can produce proof, it is permissible to think that reality is the way I say it is." Lyotard
"...it is difficult to believe that "the good" is a knowable quantity." Didion "What each person gets, he gets from others who give to him in exchange for something, or as a gift." Nozick "("Tell me," a rabbi asked Daniel Bell when he said, as a child, that he did not believe in God. "Do you think God cares?"" Didion "...it is also necessary that the various offices to which special benefits or burdens attach are open to all." Rawls :...all the ad hoc committees, all the picket lines, all the brave signatures in The New York Times, all the tools of agitprop straight across the spectrum, do not confer upon anyone any ipso facto virtue." Didion "Young or old, man or woman, rich or poor, a person is always located at 'nodal points' of specific communication circuits, however tiny these may be." Lyotard "The essential aims of life are present naturally in every person. In everyone there is some longing for humanity's rightful dignity, for moral integrity, for free expression of being and a sense of transcendence
execution (standing them against a wall) Around 1900, Democrats became convinced that economic power was centralizing, due to the rise of the corporation Among the Allied Powers in World War I: France The third section of The Waste Land, The Fire Sermon, models its theme on, and takes its name from, a sermon of the Buddha Arguably the first postmodern novel: The Murder of Roger Ackroyd Yeats sees history as a series of 2000 - year cycles The agency of the mind that constructs wishes Freud later refers to as the id The basic objects of the manifest image are people, plants, animals, and ordinary material objects
An element of Mussolini's program: an 8 - hour workday and minimum wage The immediate cause of World War I: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand The paradox of the anointed: the vision of the anointed cuts the anointed off from norms that might guide their decisions The signal achievement of the scientific revolution: a system of universal and necessary laws of nature The golden rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. The centralized, conscious direction of social forces to consciously chosen ends is socialism The story of the blind men and the elephant illustrates perspectivism
100,000,000,000 marks The missing explanation argument: cannot explain. idealism; regularities in experience The Nazi Party built its electoral appeal in part by inciting street violence and blaming it on the opposition The idealist's central argument against realism: that realism inevitably leads to skepticism Heidegger believes we confront an existential problem, because we find ourselves thrown into a world not of our own making The slogan "existence precedes essence" defines Existentialism Camus's goal: to live without appeal The line dividing the free countries of Western Europe from those under Soviet domination after World War II:
the Iron Curtain Lord Acton: "Power tends to corrupt, and Absolute power corrupts absolutely The problem of distributed knowledge: markets contain vast amounts of information that no one person or group can possess In Plato's image of the soul as a chariot, the driver is the rational element Augustine speaks of the goal of moral education as ordo amoris, the order of loves (or affections), meaning that we must learn to make our feelings congruent with the circumstances giving rise to them Federal government spending, as a proportion of the economy, has risen from a historical base of around 3% from 1790 to 1914 to around today. 24% Rawls's first principle: Each should have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for others
