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Ultrasound Wave Propagation and Characteristics, Exams of Nursing

Washburn University (WU)Nursing

Various aspects of ultrasound wave propagation and characteristics, including the types of waves, the relationship between frequency and wavelength, the definition of intensity, the factors affecting tissue attenuation, the decibel scale, and the frequency range of ultrasound. It also discusses the concepts of resolution, pulse repetition frequency, transducer properties, and various artifacts and their causes. A comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and characteristics of ultrasound waves, which are essential for understanding and interpreting ultrasound imaging and doppler techniques.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/27/2024

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ARDMS-SPI EXAM LATEST 2023-2024 REAL EXAM 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS//GRADED A+
When the direction of the wave propagation is parallel to the particle motion of the medium, the wave
being transmitted is called a:
A) surface wave.
B) longitudinal wave.
C) transverse wave.
D) non-linear sound. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) longitudinal wave
If the sound beam attenuated 6 dB, what will happen to the overall intensity?
A) Quadrupled
B) Doubled
C) Halved
D) Quartered - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Quartered
Frequency increased from 3 MHz to 6 MHz, what will happen to wavelength?
A) Doubled
B) Quadrupled
C) Halved
D) Quartered - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Halved
Intensity is equal to:
A) power/area
B) propagation speed/frequency
C) density x propagation speed
D) area/power - CORRECT ANSWER-A) power/area
5. What is important when selecting a transducer frequency?
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pf13
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Partial preview of the text

Download Ultrasound Wave Propagation and Characteristics and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

ARDMS-SPI EXAM LATEST 2023-2024 REAL EXAM 100

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS//GRADED A+

When the direction of the wave propagation is parallel to the particle motion of the medium, the wave being transmitted is called a: A) surface wave. B) longitudinal wave. C) transverse wave. D) non-linear sound. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) longitudinal wave If the sound beam attenuated 6 dB, what will happen to the overall intensity? A) Quadrupled B) Doubled C) Halved D) Quartered - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Quartered Frequency increased from 3 MHz to 6 MHz, what will happen to wavelength? A) Doubled B) Quadrupled C) Halved D) Quartered - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Halved Intensity is equal to: A) power/area B) propagation speed/frequency C) density x propagation speed D) area/power - CORRECT ANSWER-A) power/area

  1. What is important when selecting a transducer frequency?

A) Depth B) Power C) Velocity D) Propagation speed - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Depth

  1. Frequency is a factor in: A) impedance B) tissue attenuation C) propagation speed D) tissue density - CORRECT ANSWER-B) tissue attenuation
  2. Which medium interface will have the greatest sound transmission? A) Soft tissue to water B) Organ to organ C) Bone to organ D) Lung to soft tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Organ to organ
  3. If there is a small impedance mismatch between two mediums, what will result? A) There will be a small reflection B) There will be a large reflection C) All sound will transmit D) No sound will transmit - CORRECT ANSWER-A) There will be a small reflection
  4. Which property of sound is measured in Rayls? A) Intensity B) Impedance C) Density D) Propagation speed - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Impedance

D) 3 dB/cm - CORRECT ANSWER-D) 3 dB/cm

  1. Which reflector type requires a specific angle for optimal imaging? A) Diffuse B) Specular C) Rayleigh's scattering D) Scattering - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Specular

  2. A difference between the incident angle and the transmitted angle, means which process has happened? A) Reflection B) Refraction C) Rarefaction D) Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Refraction

  3. What trade-off is made when there is an increase in the number of scan lines? A) Axial resolution for lateral resolution B) Penetration for axial resolution C) Temporal resolution for lateral resolution D) Temporal resolution for penetration - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Temporal resolution for lateral resolution

  4. The number of pulses per second is called: A) PRF B) PD C) SPL D) PRP - CORRECT ANSWER-A) PRF

  5. What is the goal for better temporal resolution? A) Faster frame rate

B) Shorter SPL C) Narrow beam width D) Decrease penetration - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Faster frame rate

  1. If the depth is increased, what change will occur to the PRP? A) Decrease B) No change C) Increase D) Halved - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Increase
  2. Frequency is reduced from 8MHz to 4MHz, what will be the result to the acoustic velocity? A) Increase B) No change C) Doubled D) Decrease - CORRECT ANSWER-B) No change
  3. Which of the following refers to the height of the sound wave? A) Rarefaction B) Amplitude C) Intensity D) Power - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Amplitude
  4. Which transducer will have the most penetration? A) 8 MHz linear transducer B) 6 MHz tightly curved array C) 2 MHz curvilinear array D) 4 MHz phased array - CORRECT ANSWER-C) 2 MHz curvilinear array
  5. When dot-like reflectors appear as horizontal lines in the far field, what is the cause?
  1. Which statement is not true regarding PRF? A) Increasing PRF improves frame rate B) PRF and duty factor are inversely related C) PRF depends of the depth D) PRF refers to how many pulses are fired in one second - CORRECT ANSWER-B) PRF and duty factor are inversely related
  2. Which actions will adjust the spatial resolution? A) Scan lines and transducer frequency B) Sector size and reflection C) Focal points and frame rate D) Frequency and PRF - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Scan lines and transducer frequency
  3. A wide bandwidth and low quality factor contribute to: A) better penetration. B) better focusing. C) better axial resolution. D) better frame rate. - CORRECT ANSWER-C) better axial resolution.
  4. The transducer element becomes mechanical when: A) it is used for mechanical focusing. B) it is hit with electrical voltage and converts the energy into sound. C) it never becomes mechanical. D) it is cracked. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) it is hit with electrical voltage and converts the energy into sound.
  5. Quality factor will lower when: A) bandwidth widens.

B) the beam former sets a delay. C) there is a longer pulse. D) phasing occurs. - CORRECT ANSWER-A) bandwidth widens.

  1. Which transducer type will have the lowest density in the far field? A) 4 MHz phased array B) 3.5 MHz curvilinear array C) 6 MHz endocavity array D) 9 MHz linear array - CORRECT ANSWER-C) 6 MHz endocavity array
  2. Which transducer uses time delays to electronically steer the beam? A) Curved array B) Annular C) Linear sequential array D) Phased array - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Phased array
  3. Which feature of the transducer is manufactured to support better image axial resolution? A) Element B) Power cord C) Lens D) Backing material - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Backing material
  4. In a B-mode image, the focal point is electronically changed. Which of the following techniques is used? A) Mirror B) Mechanical C) Transmit D) Lens - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Transmit
  1. A thinner element will have: A) higher curie temperature. B) longer wavelength. C) higher frequency. D) poor frame rate. - CORRECT ANSWER-C) higher frequency.
  2. Which statement refers to the process of phasing? A) Electronic beam steering B) Acoustic lens C) Electronic focusing D) Mechanical movement of the probe - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Electronic beam steering
  3. Which of the following is used to control elevational resolution in a 2D transducer? A) Bandwidth B) Axial resolution C) Lens D) Beam former - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Beam former
  4. The conversion of an incident pressure wave into an electrical signal is called: A) Snell's law. B) piezoelectric effect. C) Huygen's principle. D) Curie effect. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) piezoelectric effect.
  5. Electronic focusing in transmit mode uses: A) changeable lens. B) curved element. C) time delays to excite transducer elements.

D) high pulse repetition frequency. - CORRECT ANSWER-C) time delays to excite transducer elements.

  1. Which transducer would you select for maximum penetration? A) 3 MHz curvilinear B) 4 MHz phased array C) 8 MHz linear phased array D) 10 MHz tightly curved array - CORRECT ANSWER-A) 3 MHz curvilinear
  2. The transducer component responsible for the timing and order of the sequence is: A) impedance matching layer. B) beam former. C) elevational resolution. D) PZT. - CORRECT ANSWER-B) beam former.
  3. An image is bright in the near field but darker in the far field. Which process is responsible for this effect? A) Propagation speed variations B) Digital scan conversion C) Acoustic attenuation D) Refraction - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Acoustic attenuation
  4. If a calcification is present but there is not much shadowing, what can you adjust to demonstrate more of the shadow? A) Decrease line density B) Adjust focal position to low C) Increase frequency D) Increase gain - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Increase frequency
  5. What demonstrates how much magnification will occur in the receiver?
  1. Which mode uses the pulse echo principle to determine the distance of a reflector? A) Only A-mode B) Continuous wave C) A-mode, B-mode, and M-mode D) Only B-mode - CORRECT ANSWER-C) A-mode, B-mode, and M-mode
  2. Round trip time and propagation speed are necessary when making what calculation? A) Axial resolution B) Attenuation rate C) Pulse repetition period D) Distance - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Distance
  3. What change to the image will result if the dynamic range is lowered? A) Softer image B) Increase brightness C) Increased contrast D) Decreased contrast - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Increased contrast
  4. Which of the following settings will affect temporal resolution? A) Persistence and image compounding B) Output power and TGC C) Compression and overall gain D) Dynamic range and amplification - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Persistence and image compounding
  5. PACS stands for: A) Photo Archiving Computer System B) Processed Archiving Communication System C) Picture Archiving and Communication System

D) Picture And Communication Setup - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Picture Archiving and Communication System

  1. Which harmonic frequency is used for signal processing during harmonic imaging? A) 3rd B) 4th C) 1st D) 2nd - CORRECT ANSWER-D) 2nd
  2. A 12 MHz wave is processed during harmonic imaging, what is the fundamental frequency? A) 6 MHz B) 4 MHz C) 24 MHz D) 12 MHz - CORRECT ANSWER-A) 6 MHz
  3. Distortion of the sound wave during transmission is called: A) Non-linear sound propagation B) Pulse inversion C) Propagation speed D) Coded excitation - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Non-linear sound propagation
  4. Which of the following is not a result of harmonics imaging? A) Softer imaging B) Better lateral resolution C) Crisper images D) Reduced artifact - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Softer imaging
  5. Multiple echoes at regular intervals deep to highly reflective objects is called: A) posterior enhancement

A) Flow is moving away from the sound source B) Low velocity C) Flow is moving towards the sound source D) High velocity - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Flow is moving away from the sound source

  1. Increasing the angle of insonation will have what result on the frequency shift? A) Decrease B) Increase C) Double D) No change - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Decrease
  2. The interaction between tissue and sound that will likely affect the thermal index is called: A) rarefraction B) refraction C) absorption D) specificity - CORRECT ANSWER-C) absorption
  3. Which angle will increase the Doppler shift the most? A) 180 B) 45 C) 100 D) 90 - CORRECT ANSWER-A) 180
  4. Of the following changes, which will reduce aliasing artifact? A) Increase transducer frequency B) Decrease insonation angle C) Decrease color gain D) Increase pulse repetition frequency - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Increase pulse repetition frequency
  1. If flow is moving through a vessel with uniform diameter in an organized manner, what is the nature of the flow? A) Turbulent B) Laminar C) Parabolic D) Plug - CORRECT ANSWER-B) Laminar
  2. Which scenario will result in having no Doppler shift? A) Flow moving away from the transducer B) Flow moving towards the transducer C) No movement D) High velocity flow - CORRECT ANSWER-C) No movement
  3. The technique used to assign a color to a received Doppler signal is called: A) autocorrelation B) ensemble length C) phase quadrature detection D) Fourier analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-A) autocorrelation
  4. Altering which setting during a Doppler exam will affect the system frame rate? A) Doppler gain B) High pass filter C) PRF D) Frequency - CORRECT ANSWER-C) PRF
  5. Which angle is the maximum for safe wrist extension while scanning? A) 20 degrees B) 10 degrees C) 30 degrees

B) Spectral broadening C) Abnormal flow D) Spectral window - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Spectral window

  1. A 6 MHz Doppler unit is operating with a PRF set at 8 kHz. What is the upper velocity limit? A) 6 kHz B) 3 kHz C) 8 kHz D) 4 kHz - CORRECT ANSWER-D) 4 kHz
  2. Which action will increase sensitivity to slow flow? A) Increase packet size B) Decrease scale C) Decrease wall filter D) All of the listed options - CORRECT ANSWER-D) All of the listed options
  3. Aliasing will occur if what exceeds the Nyquist limit? A) Positive flow B) Doppler angle C) Velocity D) Doppler shift - CORRECT ANSWER-D) Doppler shift
  4. Which adjustments will optimize visualization of low velocity flow in a vessel? A) Increase frequency and decrease wall filter B) Increase wall filter and increase frequency C) Increase angle and decrease packet size D) Decrease angle and decrease packet size - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Increase frequency and decrease wall filter
  1. The relationship described by the Bernoulli effect is which of the following? A) Increased velocity will decrease pressure B) Decreased pressure gradient decreases flow rate C) Increased radius increases Reynold's number D) Increased resistance will decrease volume flow - CORRECT ANSWER-A) Increased velocity will decrease pressure
  2. In a vessel where aliasing is present, which action will reduce the artifact? A) Reduce color gain B) Decrease angle C) Decrease transducer frequency D) Increase packet size - CORRECT ANSWER-C) Decrease transducer frequency
  3. What could be the echo frequency if flow is moving away from a 6 MHz transducer? A) 5500 kHz B) 5995 kHz C) 6005 kHz D) 6500 kHz - CORRECT ANSWER-B) 5995 kHz
  4. Increasing packet size will: A) decrease sensitivity B) remove low frequency echoes C) improves frame rate D) increase the number of pulses on a line - CORRECT ANSWER-D) increase the number of pulses on a line
  5. Of the listed system functions, which one is considered an ALARA setting? A) Output power B) Overall gain