Understanding
Computers
docsity.com
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Understanding Computers: History, Numbering Systems, and Basic Building Blocks, Slides of Civil Engineering
An overview of the history of computers, numbering systems used in computing, and basic building blocks of computers such as memory, cpu, and logic gates. It includes examples, exercises, and flowcharts to help understand the concepts.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
1 / 42
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Understanding Computers: History, Numbering Systems, and Basic Building Blocks and more Slides Civil Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!
Understanding
Computers
History
of
Computers
years ago
Abacus (beads on wires) -
years ago
Odometer - 1600’s - Slide Rule
History
of
Computers
Late 1600’s
Adding Machines (gears and linked cogs) - 1800’s - Analytical Engines that used Punch Cards - Late 1800’s - IBM used electricity with punch cards - 1930’s - Vacuum tubes developed
History
of
Computers
Transistors replaces vacuum tubes - Note: - Both vacuum tubes and transistors are switching devices that can represent the 1’s and 0’s for binary numbers.
Numbering
Systems
Why do we use the decimal system for everyday mathematics?
Answer: Fingers and Thumbs - Why do we use the binary system for computer mathematics? - Answer: Computers use voltage levels to perform mathematics. - 0 ‐ Volts and 5 ‐ Volts correspond to 0’s and 1’s
Binary
Numbers
Bit
a single binary digit - Byte - 8 bits - Nibble - 4 bits - Megabyte - 8 million bits
Example
Problems
Convert the binary number
to decimal and hexadecimal.
How high can you count with
bits?
...with
bits?
...with
byte?
...with
bits?
...with
bits?
Class
Exercise
Convert the hexadecimal number
B
to binary and decimal.
Convert the decimal number
to binary and hexadecimal.
Basic
Building
Blocks
Memory
Flip ‐ Flops - a circuit made with transistors and stores one bit of a binary number SIMM - single in-line memory module a large collection of flip-flops Flip-Flop Input Output Latch
Basic
Building
Blocks
Memory
DIMM ‐ dual in ‐ line memory module - a larger collection of flip ‐ flops - Disks and Hard drives - 1’s and 0’s are store in magnetic media
Electrical Engineering
Logic Gate Investigations - What kind of logic gates are these?
Example
Problem
What would be the truth table for the logic circuit shown in figure 4.18(a)? A B Y
Example
Problem
What would be the truth table for the logic circuit shown 4.18(b)? A B Y