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UNE Medical Biochemistry Midterm with latest updated test 2024., Exams of Nursing

Rasmussen College - IllinoisNursing

UNE Medical Biochemistry Midterm with latest updated test 2024.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/03/2025

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UNE Medical Biochemistry Midterm with
latest updated test 2024.
Which of the following proteins is likely to have quaternary structure? - correct
answers.A multimeric protein that contains multiple peptide chains
Prosthetic groups are complex nonprotein molecules that participate in catalysis by
providing functional groups that form a covalent intermediate between the enzyme and
the substrate. Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme or cofactor that
participates in a covalent catalysis reaction? - correct answers.Pyridoxal phosphate
Which of the following best describes a protein domain? - correct answers.A section of
a protein structure sufficient to perform a particular chemical or physical task
Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate involves the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond through a process other than
oxidation or hydrolysis. This is achieved by what class of enzymes? - correct
answers.Lyase
A 55-year old man is brought to the emergency room with a chief complaint of chest
pain and tingling in his left arm. Elevation of which of the following enzymes in
circulation would be most indicative of myocardial infarction? - correct answers.Troponin
Allosteric activators of hemoglobin will increase substrate binding through which of the
following mechanisms? - correct answers.Binding the protein, and keeping it in the "R"
conformation
Which of the following best describes tertiary structure? - correct answers.Interactions
between alpha helices and beta sheets to form a domain
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pf5
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UNE Medical Biochemistry Midterm with

latest updated test 2024.

Which of the following proteins is likely to have quaternary structure? - correct answers.A multimeric protein that contains multiple peptide chains Prosthetic groups are complex nonprotein molecules that participate in catalysis by providing functional groups that form a covalent intermediate between the enzyme and the substrate. Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme or cofactor that participates in a covalent catalysis reaction? - correct answers.Pyridoxal phosphate Which of the following best describes a protein domain? - correct answers.A section of a protein structure sufficient to perform a particular chemical or physical task Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate involves the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond through a process other than oxidation or hydrolysis. This is achieved by what class of enzymes? - correct answers.Lyase A 55-year old man is brought to the emergency room with a chief complaint of chest pain and tingling in his left arm. Elevation of which of the following enzymes in circulation would be most indicative of myocardial infarction? - correct answers.Troponin Allosteric activators of hemoglobin will increase substrate binding through which of the following mechanisms? - correct answers.Binding the protein, and keeping it in the "R" conformation Which of the following best describes tertiary structure? - correct answers.Interactions between alpha helices and beta sheets to form a domain

How do most enzymes reduce the activation energy needed to move a reaction forward? - correct answers.providing an active site most complementary to the transition state Domains are common structural elements that retain a particular function within the protein. Which of the following is an example of a protein domain? - correct answers.An arrangement of beta-strands connected by alpha-helices (beta-alpha-beta-alpha) Which amino acid would not be commonly found in the middle of an alpha-helical domain? - correct answers.Proline Which of the following is a true statement with regards to the malate-aspartate shuttle system? - correct answers.Generates 2.5 molecules of ATP in mitochondria per each NADH from glycolysis. Complex II (Succinate Q-reductase) is not considered part of the process of oxidative phosphorylation because it is unable to do which of the following activities? - correct answers.Pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the inter membrane space. Succinate is a substrate for which complex in the electron transport chain? - correct answers.Complex II (Succinate-Q reductase) The glycerophosphate shuttle is the major shuttle of most tissues. Which of the following best describes the transfer of electrons by this shuttle? - correct answers.Electrons are directly transferred from glycerol 3-phosphate to an FAD containing glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. A 19-year old male is being evaluated for muscle weakness. Evaluation of a muscle biopsy revealed normal rates of succinate oxidation but very low rates of pyruvate oxidation. Further testing determined normal levels of enzymatic activity in both malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Based on this data, the patient may have a mutation in a gene encoding for which mitochondrial protein? - correct answers.Complex I (NADH Q-oxidoreductase) Which of the following components of the electron transport chain passes electrons to O2 causing it to be reduced to H2O? - correct answers.Cytochrome c oxidase As electrons flow through complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protons are pumped from the matrix into the inter membrane space. Which of the following statements is most reflective of the pH in the inter membrane space? - correct answers.The pH is higher in the matrix when compared to the intermembrane space. The malate-aspartate shuttle is used to move reducing equivalents o cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria where it can be oxidized. Which of the following compounds is used to move the reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria? - correct answers.Malate

Which of the following pathways directly provides oxidizable substrate to red blood cells during the fasted state? - correct answers.hepatic glycogenolysis Following insulin binding its receptor and autophosphorylation of the beta chain, what is ht initial step in this cascade of events? - correct answers.Recruitment of the insulin receptor substrate A teenage female presenting with lack of menstruation (amenorrhea) is found to have dysfunctional steroid receptor characteristic of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Which of the following statements accurately describes steroid hormones? - correct answers.The enhance transcription when bound to receptors. A deficiency in thiamine can reduce the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Under these conditions, you would expect to have a higher than normal blood concentration of which of the following metabolites? - correct answers.Pyruvate Which of the following outlines the order of prosthetic groups as they are used for catalysis within the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)? - correct answers.Thiamine diphosphate-> lipoamide - > FAD After a meal, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels are elevated. This compound will allosterically iactivate which of the following glycolytic enzymes? - correct answers.Phosphofructokinase - 1 (PFK1) In order for glucose to be retained within the cell, which of the following modifications must occur? - correct answers.Phosphorylation Which of the following reactions is commonly used to replenish intermediates of the TCA cycle? - correct answers.Glutamate to alpha ketoglutarate Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its activator? - correct answers.Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; pyruvate Which of the following intermediates of the TCA cycle is required in the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis? - correct answers.Citrate Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase catalyzes a reaction that results in which of the following? - correct answers.The phosphorylation and inactivation of E1 subunit of PDC A 1-month old boy is brought to the emergency department in a coma after sleeping through the night and failing to awaken in the morning. He is given intravenous glucose and awakens. Serum levels of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine are elevated, whereas oxaloacetate and aspartate levels are reduced. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient? - correct answers.Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

Which of the following enzymes is used by the gluconeogenic pathway but not the glycolytic pathway? - correct answers.Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) The skeletal muscle primarily provides substrate for gluconeogenesis through which of the following processes? - correct answers.Protein catabolism Which of the following would occur in the liver when glucose levels are high (think insulin is elevated)? - correct answers.Generation of glucose 1-phosphate to be used for glycogen synthesis An individual is recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. In this individual, hyperglycemia may in part be due to inactivity of which of the following glucose transporters on skeletal muscle? - correct answers.GLUT Which of the following compounds allosterically activates pyruvate carboxylase? - correct answers.Acetyl-CoA Which of the following best describes the role of the Cori cycle? - correct answers.The process of using lactate from skeletal muscle and red blood cells to generate glucose Which of the following are two primary products of the pentose phosphate pathway? - correct answers.Ribose- 5 - phosphate and NADPH A deficiency in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces the levels of NADPH in the red blood cell. This leads to an increase in which of the following compounds within the cell? - correct answers.Oxidized glutathione Which of the following enzymes is involved in the non-oxidative portion of the pentose pathway? - correct answers.transaldolase The major regulatory step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which enzyme? - correct answers.Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase Red blood cells lack mitochondria; therefore glucose is primarily oxidized to ribose and which of the following compounds? - correct answers.Lactate Within the red blood cell, NADPH is used for which of the following processes? - correct answers.To re-reduce glutathione Galactose 1-phosphate is initially converted to glucose 1-phosphate and requires which of the following compounds? - correct answers.UDP glucose A novel signaling cascade is discovered that you suspect activates a G-alpha subunit. Which of the following downstream events would be consistent with this discovery? - correct answers.Activation of adenylyl cyclase

Elevated levels of glucagon can enhance or inhibit many processes. Which of the following processes is not impacted by elevated levels of glucagon? - correct answers.Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis In the non-oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway, 2-carbon fragments of keto-sugars can be transferred to other sugars to generate a larger sugar molecule. This reaction is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? - correct answers.Transketolase A patient presents to the emergency department with lactic acidosis. A deficiency in thiamine (TPP) is suspected and this will be consistent iwht a decrease in the activity of which of the following enzymes? - correct answers.Transketolase High levels of activity of the non-oxidative portion of the pentose pathway will directly produce intermediates for which of the following pathways? - correct answers.Glycolysis A patient is newly diagnosed with a deficiency in fructokinase. Which of the following will not be a metabolic consequence of this deficiency? - correct answers.Hypoglycemia Which of the following intermediates of the TCA cycle is required in the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis? - correct answers.Citrate Chymotrypsin is a protease that cleaves peptide bonds. It is characterized as which of the following classes of enzymes? - correct answers.Hydrolases Hemoglobin bound to heme is termed a holoprotein. The heme or porphyry ring is required for oxygen binding and it is defined as which of the following? - correct answers.Prosthetic group A 22-year old female presents to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. She indicates the pain came on rapidly in her mid-abdominal region. She has vomited several times over the last four hours. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made and she is rushed to surgery. Elevation of which of the following serum enzymes would be consistent with this diagnosis? - correct answers.Amylase and lipase Which of the following best describes the structure of heme? - correct answers.A planar porphyrin ring that binds iron Alpha-helices and Beta-sheets are primary stabilized by which of the following interactions? - correct answers.Hydrogen bonding Changes in the physiological variables listed below can alter the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Which of the following will lower the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen? - correct answers.2,3 bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)

Which of the following best describes an enzyme inhibitor that increases the Km but does not change the Vmax? - correct answers.A competitive inhibitor An enzyme is participating in a general acid-base catalysis reaction with an optimal reaction pH of 6.0. If acid is added to the environment reducing the pH to 3, what is the likely impact to the rate of reaction? - correct answers.The rate of reaction is likely to decrease as the pH is out of optimal range Dinitrophenol is an uncoupler of the electron transport chain. The addition of dinitrophenol will have which of the following effects? - correct answers.Increase oxygen consumption Which of the following describes a correct and complete electron transfer pathway necessary for oxidative phosphorylation? - correct answers.NADH - > Complex I - > CoQ

  • complex III - > cyt c - > complex IV Which of the following components of the electron transport chain is not bound to the mitochondrial membrane? - correct answers.CoQ