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Unit 1 | BIOL - Anatomy & Physiology, Quizzes of Physiology

Chapters 1, 5, 6, 7 Class: BIOL - Anatomy & Physiology; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: Campbell University Inc; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 02/16/2010

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TERM 1
anatomy
DEFINITION 1
the study of structures; locating and identifying structures on
the body
TERM 2
physiology
DEFINITION 2
the study of the function of bodily structures
TERM 3
homeostasis
DEFINITION 3
a state of health; maintenance of a stable internal
environment; normal function
TERM 4
disease or disorder
DEFINITION 4
interrupts homeostasis
TERM 5
homeostatic mechanisms
DEFINITION 5
keep the body in health
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anatomy

the study of structures; locating and identifying structures on

the body

TERM 2

physiology

DEFINITION 2

the study of the function of bodily structures

TERM 3

homeostasis

DEFINITION 3

a state of health; maintenance of a stable internal

environment; normal function

TERM 4

disease or disorder

DEFINITION 4

interrupts homeostasis

TERM 5

homeostatic mechanisms

DEFINITION 5

keep the body in health

integumentary system

skin protection from outside; retention of fluids

TERM 7

skeletal system

DEFINITION 7

bones and the cartilage associated with them shape;

stability; point of attachment for muscles

TERM 8

muscular system

DEFINITION 8

muscles locomotion

TERM 9

nervous system

DEFINITION 9

brain, spinal cord, nerves, senses (taste, smell, touch,

hearing, sight) detects sensations; gives commands; thought

TERM 10

endocrine system

DEFINITION 10

glands, chemicals produced by the glands (hormones)

regulates metabolism, reproductive cycles, and growth

urinary system

kidneys prevents dehydration; eliminates liquid waste

TERM 17

nitrogenous waste

DEFINITION 17

liquid waste released by the urinary system

TERM 18

kidneys

DEFINITION 18

filter nitrogenous waste from the blood

TERM 19

reproductive system

DEFINITION 19

external and internal reproductive organs produce offspring

only system that is not vital to life

TERM 20

dorsal/posterior

DEFINITION 20

towards the backbone

ventral/anterior

belly-side

TERM 22

superior

DEFINITION 22

above

TERM 23

inferior

DEFINITION 23

below

TERM 24

proximal

DEFINITION 24

closer to the point of attachment

TERM 25

distal

DEFINITION 25

further from the point of attachment

deep

further into the body

TERM 32

cross section

DEFINITION 32

perpendicular cut

TERM 33

longitudinal section

DEFINITION 33

lengthwise cut

TERM 34

oblique section

DEFINITION 34

angular cut

TERM 35

tissue

DEFINITION 35

group of cells with similar structure and function

histology

the study of tissues

TERM 37

epithelial

DEFINITION 37

open to the outside protect, secrete, and absorb tightly

packed one attached end (basal membrane), one unattached

end (free surface) does not contain blood supply or nerves

sits on top of connective tissue

TERM 38

simple squamous

DEFINITION 38

scale-like flat thin broad round nucleus prominent cell

membrane

TERM 39

simple cuboidal

DEFINITION 39

cube-shaped round nucleus

TERM 40

lumen

DEFINITION 40

the hollow middle of a tube

stratified columnar

equally found with simple

TERM 47

pseudostratified columnar

DEFINITION 47

looks stratified, but is not always columnar cells are

misshapen

TERM 48

connective tissue

DEFINITION 48

most abundant tissue in the body binds, supports, serves as

framework cells are scattered with matrix in between more

matrix than cells good amount of nerves and blood vessels

TERM 49

matrix

DEFINITION 49

holds connective tissue cells together

TERM 50

fibroblasts

DEFINITION 50

make fibers for the matrix

macrophages

wander around connective tissue scavenger cells belong to a

group of cells called phagocytes look for cells that don't

belong help with immunity

TERM 52

phagocytes

DEFINITION 52

engulf other cells

TERM 53

mast cells

DEFINITION 53

involved in inflammation release chemicals that cause

inflammation (mediators of inflammation)

TERM 54

inflammation

DEFINITION 54

a response to tissue damage

TERM 55

reticular fibers

DEFINITION 55

thin and delicate

adipocytes

adipose tissue cells long-lived cells

TERM 62

dense connective tissue

DEFINITION 62

contains parallel fibers (collagenous) holds things together

makes up tendons and ligaments

TERM 63

three types of cartilage

DEFINITION 63

hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

TERM 64

chondrocyte

DEFINITION 64

individual cartilage cell

TERM 65

osteocyte

DEFINITION 65

bone cell

lacuna

gap or space where a cell resides

TERM 67

blood

DEFINITION 67

scattered cells with a large amount of liquid matrix

TERM 68

plasma

DEFINITION 68

blood matrix

TERM 69

muscle tissue

DEFINITION 69

able to contract (shorten)

TERM 70

skeletal

DEFINITION 70

associated with the skeleton anchors to the bones striated

(cause by the arrangement of proteins) voluntary (under

conscious control)

mucous membranes

line body cavities and structures that open to the outside

primary function is protection also involved in secretion and

absorption predominately epithelial tissue with a thin layer of

connective tissue

TERM 77

serous membranes

DEFINITION 77

line body cavities that do not open to the outside

predominately epithelial tissue wit ha small layer of

connective tissue

TERM 78

cutaneous membranes

DEFINITION 78

the skin thin layer of stratified squamous tissue with a thicker

layer of connective tissue underneath

TERM 79

synovial membranes

DEFINITION 79

associated with the joints make a capsule around the joint

and secrete fluid to lubricate the joint holds bones together

made of connective tissue

TERM 80

functions of integumentary system

DEFINITION 80

protection seals in moisture temperature regulation

(thermoregulation)

epidermis

most superficial layer made of stratified squamous epithelial

tissue no blood or nerve supply

TERM 82

five layers of the

epidermis

DEFINITION 82

stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum stratum basale

TERM 83

stratum

DEFINITION 83

layer

TERM 84

stratum basale

DEFINITION 84

deepest layer of the epidermis site of mitosis (cell division)

TERM 85

keratin

DEFINITION 85

waxy substance added to skin cells as they move toward the

surface waterproof makes for better protection

dermis

made of connective tissue much thicker than the epidermis

contains blood cells and nerves

TERM 92

sensory organelles

DEFINITION 92

allow for the detection of sensations

TERM 93

accessory structures

DEFINITION 93

help the main organ in the system

TERM 94

hair follicle

DEFINITION 94

houses hair root is below surface; shaft is above made of

squamous cells produces oil to keep skin from drying out

TERM 95

sebaceous gland

DEFINITION 95

attached to the hair follicle produces sebum (oil) which

travels along the hair

sweat gland

also called the sudoriferous gland very deep has a duct that

runs to the surface and opens out onto the skin (pore)

produces sweat (mostly water) helps cool the body

TERM 97

arrector pili

muscle

DEFINITION 97

attached to the bottom of the hair follicle and the deep part

of the epidermis bundle of smooth muscle tissue involuntary

cold causes it to contract when it contracts, the hair on the

skin stands up helps with temperature regulation

TERM 98

nails

DEFINITION 98

modified stratum corneum very thickened protect the ends of

fingers and toes

TERM 99

subcutaneous layer

DEFINITION 99

not a skin layer found underneath the skin fat storage

contains large blood vessels helps attach the skin to muscle

TERM 100

approximate normal body temperature

DEFINITION 100

98.6 degrees farenheit