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anatomy
the study of structures; locating and identifying structures on
the body
TERM 2
physiology
DEFINITION 2
the study of the function of bodily structures
TERM 3
homeostasis
DEFINITION 3
a state of health; maintenance of a stable internal
environment; normal function
TERM 4
disease or disorder
DEFINITION 4
interrupts homeostasis
TERM 5
homeostatic mechanisms
DEFINITION 5
keep the body in health
integumentary system
skin protection from outside; retention of fluids
TERM 7
skeletal system
DEFINITION 7
bones and the cartilage associated with them shape;
stability; point of attachment for muscles
TERM 8
muscular system
DEFINITION 8
muscles locomotion
TERM 9
nervous system
DEFINITION 9
brain, spinal cord, nerves, senses (taste, smell, touch,
hearing, sight) detects sensations; gives commands; thought
TERM 10
endocrine system
DEFINITION 10
glands, chemicals produced by the glands (hormones)
regulates metabolism, reproductive cycles, and growth
urinary system
kidneys prevents dehydration; eliminates liquid waste
TERM 17
nitrogenous waste
DEFINITION 17
liquid waste released by the urinary system
TERM 18
kidneys
DEFINITION 18
filter nitrogenous waste from the blood
TERM 19
reproductive system
DEFINITION 19
external and internal reproductive organs produce offspring
only system that is not vital to life
TERM 20
dorsal/posterior
DEFINITION 20
towards the backbone
ventral/anterior
belly-side
TERM 22
superior
DEFINITION 22
above
TERM 23
inferior
DEFINITION 23
below
TERM 24
proximal
DEFINITION 24
closer to the point of attachment
TERM 25
distal
DEFINITION 25
further from the point of attachment
deep
further into the body
TERM 32
cross section
DEFINITION 32
perpendicular cut
TERM 33
longitudinal section
DEFINITION 33
lengthwise cut
TERM 34
oblique section
DEFINITION 34
angular cut
TERM 35
tissue
DEFINITION 35
group of cells with similar structure and function
histology
the study of tissues
TERM 37
epithelial
DEFINITION 37
open to the outside protect, secrete, and absorb tightly
packed one attached end (basal membrane), one unattached
end (free surface) does not contain blood supply or nerves
sits on top of connective tissue
TERM 38
simple squamous
DEFINITION 38
scale-like flat thin broad round nucleus prominent cell
membrane
TERM 39
simple cuboidal
DEFINITION 39
cube-shaped round nucleus
TERM 40
lumen
DEFINITION 40
the hollow middle of a tube
stratified columnar
equally found with simple
TERM 47
pseudostratified columnar
DEFINITION 47
looks stratified, but is not always columnar cells are
misshapen
TERM 48
connective tissue
DEFINITION 48
most abundant tissue in the body binds, supports, serves as
framework cells are scattered with matrix in between more
matrix than cells good amount of nerves and blood vessels
TERM 49
matrix
DEFINITION 49
holds connective tissue cells together
TERM 50
fibroblasts
DEFINITION 50
make fibers for the matrix
macrophages
wander around connective tissue scavenger cells belong to a
group of cells called phagocytes look for cells that don't
belong help with immunity
TERM 52
phagocytes
DEFINITION 52
engulf other cells
TERM 53
mast cells
DEFINITION 53
involved in inflammation release chemicals that cause
inflammation (mediators of inflammation)
TERM 54
inflammation
DEFINITION 54
a response to tissue damage
TERM 55
reticular fibers
DEFINITION 55
thin and delicate
adipocytes
adipose tissue cells long-lived cells
TERM 62
dense connective tissue
DEFINITION 62
contains parallel fibers (collagenous) holds things together
makes up tendons and ligaments
TERM 63
three types of cartilage
DEFINITION 63
hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
TERM 64
chondrocyte
DEFINITION 64
individual cartilage cell
TERM 65
osteocyte
DEFINITION 65
bone cell
lacuna
gap or space where a cell resides
TERM 67
blood
DEFINITION 67
scattered cells with a large amount of liquid matrix
TERM 68
plasma
DEFINITION 68
blood matrix
TERM 69
muscle tissue
DEFINITION 69
able to contract (shorten)
TERM 70
skeletal
DEFINITION 70
associated with the skeleton anchors to the bones striated
(cause by the arrangement of proteins) voluntary (under
conscious control)
mucous membranes
line body cavities and structures that open to the outside
primary function is protection also involved in secretion and
absorption predominately epithelial tissue with a thin layer of
connective tissue
TERM 77
serous membranes
DEFINITION 77
line body cavities that do not open to the outside
predominately epithelial tissue wit ha small layer of
connective tissue
TERM 78
cutaneous membranes
DEFINITION 78
the skin thin layer of stratified squamous tissue with a thicker
layer of connective tissue underneath
TERM 79
synovial membranes
DEFINITION 79
associated with the joints make a capsule around the joint
and secrete fluid to lubricate the joint holds bones together
made of connective tissue
TERM 80
functions of integumentary system
DEFINITION 80
protection seals in moisture temperature regulation
(thermoregulation)
epidermis
most superficial layer made of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue no blood or nerve supply
TERM 82
five layers of the
epidermis
DEFINITION 82
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum stratum basale
TERM 83
stratum
DEFINITION 83
layer
TERM 84
stratum basale
DEFINITION 84
deepest layer of the epidermis site of mitosis (cell division)
TERM 85
keratin
DEFINITION 85
waxy substance added to skin cells as they move toward the
surface waterproof makes for better protection
dermis
made of connective tissue much thicker than the epidermis
contains blood cells and nerves
TERM 92
sensory organelles
DEFINITION 92
allow for the detection of sensations
TERM 93
accessory structures
DEFINITION 93
help the main organ in the system
TERM 94
hair follicle
DEFINITION 94
houses hair root is below surface; shaft is above made of
squamous cells produces oil to keep skin from drying out
TERM 95
sebaceous gland
DEFINITION 95
attached to the hair follicle produces sebum (oil) which
travels along the hair
sweat gland
also called the sudoriferous gland very deep has a duct that
runs to the surface and opens out onto the skin (pore)
produces sweat (mostly water) helps cool the body
TERM 97
arrector pili
muscle
DEFINITION 97
attached to the bottom of the hair follicle and the deep part
of the epidermis bundle of smooth muscle tissue involuntary
cold causes it to contract when it contracts, the hair on the
skin stands up helps with temperature regulation
TERM 98
nails
DEFINITION 98
modified stratum corneum very thickened protect the ends of
fingers and toes
TERM 99
subcutaneous layer
DEFINITION 99
not a skin layer found underneath the skin fat storage
contains large blood vessels helps attach the skin to muscle
TERM 100
approximate normal body temperature
DEFINITION 100
98.6 degrees farenheit
