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A comprehensive overview of key concepts in nurs 316, including cellular adaptations, tumor markers, and the drug approval process. It presents definitions, explanations, and examples of various concepts, making it a valuable resource for students studying this subject. The document also includes questions and answers, facilitating self-assessment and knowledge reinforcement.
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cross sectional studies correct answer: simultaneous collection of information necessary for classification of exposure and outcome
Neoplasia correct answer: disorganized growth, differentiation of proliferation protooncogenes correct answer: genes whose normal protein products stimulate the cell cycle Anti-oncogenes (tumor suppressor genes) correct answer: genes that suppress anti-oncogenes, p53 common protein Check points in cell cycle correct answer: G1 to S, S(M) to G Steps involving in neoplasia correct answer: Initiation - cells exposed to carcinogenic agent Promotion - unregulated, accelerated growth Progression - cells acquire malignant phenotypic changes Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) correct answer: colon cancer, pancreatic and stomach cancer AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) correct answer: Tumor marker for liver cancer CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker) correct answer: blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer PSA correct answer: prostate cancer tumor marker production by the cells of the prostate capsule and periurethral glands patients with prostatitis or BPH have higher levels ADH --> SIADH correct answer: Small cell lung carcinoma
Step 1: Drug Approval correct answer: Preclinical trials using cultured cells, living tissues and small animal models Step 2: Drug Approval correct answer: Clinical Trial application and testing Phase I of Step 2 correct answer: healthy subjects to evaluate safety of drug and possible adverse effects Phase II of Step 2 correct answer: small group of patients with target conditions Phase III of Step 2 correct answer: large group of patients with target condition Step 3: Drug Approval correct answer: manufacturer completes new drug submission to health Canada that outlines data from clinical trials Step 4: Drug Approval correct answer: committee of drug experts review NDS to identify benefits and risks Step 5: Drug Approval correct answer: health Canada shares information about drug with health care providers Step 6: Drug Approval correct answer: if approves health Canada issues a drug information number and notice of compliance to manufacturer Step 7: Drug Approval correct answer: Health Canada issues a NOC and DIN required for marketing
Step 8: Drug Approval correct answer: health Canada monitor the efficacy and safety concerns Theraputic drug classification correct answer: specifies the treatment of a particular disease Pharmacological drug classification correct answer: mechanism of action Drug Schedule I correct answer: only prescribed by prescription and provided by a pharmacist, narcotic, controlled drugs, narcotics, drugs with potential for abuse depending on the medication prescription is granted to specific health care professionals Drug Schedule II correct answer: available only from pharmacies, must be retained in an area with no public access Drug Schedules III correct answer: available via open access in a pharmacy of pharmacy areas Drug Unschedules correct answer: can be sold in any store without professional supervision