Download Unit 10 | SOC - Social Problems and more Quizzes Conflictology in PDF only on Docsity!
Politics
The social institution that guides a society's decision making about how to live. TERM 2
Economy
DEFINITION 2 The social institution that organizaes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. TERM 3
Government
DEFINITION 3 A formal organization that directs the political life of a society. TERM 4
Socialism
DEFINITION 4 An economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are collectively owned. Collective Orientation - teaches people to be motivated not by self-interest but by serving the common good TERM 5
Capitalism
DEFINITION 5 An economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are privately owned. Individualistic Orientation - teaches people to think that everyone should behave according to their own self- interest
Political Economy
The economic and political life of a nation or world religion. TERM 7
Corporations
DEFINITION 7 Businesses with a legal existence, including rights and liabilities, separate from that of their members. TERM 8
Democracy
DEFINITION 8 A political system in which power is exercised by the people as a whole. TERM 9
Authoritarianism
DEFINITION 9 A political system that denies popular participation in government. TERM 10
Monarchy
DEFINITION 10 A political system in which a single family rules from one generation to the next.
Political Action Committees (PACs)
Organizations formed by special-interest groups to raise and spend money in support of political goals. TERM 17
Gender Gap
DEFINITION 17 The tendency for women and men to hold different opinions about certain issues and to support different candidates. TERM 18
Pluralist Model
DEFINITION 18 An analysis of the political system that sees power widely distributed among various groups and organizations in a society. TERM 19
Military-Industrial
Complex
DEFINITION 19 The close association of the federal government, the military, and the defense industries. TERM 20
Power-Elite Model
DEFINITION 20 An analysis of the political system that sees power as concentrated among a small elite.
Marxist Political-Economy Model
An analysis that sees the concentration of wealth and power in society as resulting from capitalism. TERM 22
Welfare State
DEFINITION 22 A range of policies and programs that transfer from the rich to the poor and provide benefits to needy members of society. TERM 23
Monopoly
DEFINITION 23 The domination of an entire market by a single company. TERM 24
Laissez-fair
DEFINITION 24 Describes a free-market system. French for "leave it alone" TERM 25
State Capitalism
DEFINITION 25 A mixed system. Involves government working closely with large, privately owned companies
Adam Smith (1723-1790)
Found that the pursuit of self-interest has widespread beliefs. guided by individual self-interest => producing the greatestgood for greatest number of people ==> market system makes high-quality goods available to consumers at low prices government interference makes production inefficient, reduces value, and short-changes customers TERM 32
Peter Berger (1986)
DEFINITION 32 Examined political consequences of capitalism. points out that people living in capitalist societies enjoy right to vote TERM 33
Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919)
DEFINITION 33 Took control of the nation's steel industry. TERM 34
John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937)
DEFINITION 34 Dominated oil production. TERM 35
J.P. Morgan (1837-1913)
DEFINITION 35 Took leading role in banking.
In what ways has confidence in "the system"
greatly decreased?
corporate fraud scandals involving lobbyists in Congress negative campaign advertising outright political corruption TERM 37
Structural-Functional Analysis
DEFINITION 37 Views economic system as a complex institution that operates to produce and distribute goods and services to the entire population. economy serves needs of individuals == capitalist/free- market system takes thesame view of politics theory linked with the Pluralist Model by Robert Dahl TERM 38
Robert Dahl (1961, 1982)
DEFINITION 38 The Pluralist Model suggests that individuals and organizations compete in the political "marketplace" trying to win support from the people most organizations operate at veto groups and compete and negotiate with each other TERM 39
Social-Conflict Analysis
DEFINITION 39 Views economic system as operating under the control of an elite. operates to concentrate wealth in the hands of the few 2 theories: a) C. Wright Mills - Power-Elite Model b) Karl Marx - Capitalist Political Economy TERM 40
Conservatives in the Economy
DEFINITION 40 Believe in a market economy. that competition between political candidates for voter support and between special-interest groups is good for democracy claim everyone has many opportunities with others who share our positions letting markets operate on their own is best way to serve the public interest
