Download Glossary of Terms: War, Peace, Weapons, Military, and Conflict and more Quizzes Conflictology in PDF only on Docsity!
War
Violent conflict between nations or organized groups. TERM 2
Peace
DEFINITION 2 The absence of violent conflict. TERM 3
Weapons of Mass Destruction
DEFINITION 3 Weapons with the capacity to kill many thousands of people at one time. TERM 4
Military-Industrial
Complex
DEFINITION 4 A political alliance involving the federal government, the military, and the defense industries. TERM 5
Total War
DEFINITION 5 Deadly conflict that targets both population centers and military targets.
Concentration Camps
Centers where prisoners are confined for purposes of state security, exploitation, punishment, or execution. TERM 7
War Crime
DEFINITION 7 An offense against the law of war as established by international agreements and international law. TERM 8
Nuclear Weapons
DEFINITION 8 Bombs that use atomic reactions to generate enormous destructive force. TERM 9
Nuclear Proliferation
DEFINITION 9 The acquisition of nuclear weapon technology by more and more nations. TERM 10
Deterrence
DEFINITION 10 A strategy to keep peace based on the threat of retaliation.
Arms Race
Pushing military spending ever higher out of fear that the other might gain a military advantage. TERM 17
What blurs the lines between soldiers and
civilians, putting all people at risk?
DEFINITION 17 Total War TERM 18
What 3 categories did the Geneva
Conventions (WWII) recognize?
DEFINITION 18
- Crimes against peace. starting an unjust war against another nation
- Conventional war crimes. all forms of ill-treatmentof a population in any occupied territory
- Crimes against humanity. systematic killing of any civilian population during war TERM 19
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
DEFINITION 19 A war-related disability resulting from trauma or stress in battle.Symptoms: nightmares difficulty with concentration and sleeping flashbacks to traumatic events jumpiness and hyperalertness guilt about surviving feelings of detachment from other people TERM 20
Nuclear Winter
DEFINITION 20 A cooling of Earth's atmosphere by as much as 50 degrees Fahrenheit. resulting semi-darkness and subfreezing temperatures, with radiation from fallout, might kill most vegetation and animal life
Logic of Deterrence (aka mutual assured
destruction[MAD])
Helped prevent all-out war for more than 60 years. TERM 22
What are the 3 drawbacks of the logic of
deterrence?
DEFINITION 22
- cost of nuclear arms race is high, taking costs away from education, housing, nutrition, and medical care2. risk of error and enteringunintended war is high3. deterrence can't control nuclearproliferation TERM 23
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
DEFINITION 23 High-technology Defense that detects enemy missiles soon after launch and destroys them with lasers and particle beams before they reenter the atmosphere. TERM 24
What are the problems with high-technology
defense?
DEFINITION 24
- Tests have not shown much success.2. Crazy expensive, $100 billion and rising3. Other nations may see defense efforts as a sign of preparing for war TERM 25
1970 - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
(SALT)
DEFINITION 25 Led to agreements freezing the number of nuclear weapons held by each side (United States and Soviet Union) and limiting development of antimissile defense systems.
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Formation of people who opposed the British rule with the goal of forcing British from Irelandwith acts of terrorism. TERM 32
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
DEFINITION 32 Using acts of terrorism, they tried to prevent African Americans from exercising their new political rights. TERM 33
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
DEFINITION 33 Began war against capitalism through theuse of terrorism. radical-left labor union TERM 34
1960 - Weather Underground
DEFINITION 34 Group committed to forming a classless society by destroying the nation's economic and military institutions. students on the radical left TERM 35
Timothy McVeigh (April 19,
DEFINITION 35 Parked a truck full of explosives in front of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. military veteran of the radical right seeking revenge on federal government
What are the costs of Terrorism?
Loss of life and physical injury Installment of fear and anxiety in people Immediate loss of property as well as effects on entire economy TERM 37
How does Terrorism differ from Conventional
War?
DEFINITION 37 The parties in conflict are not clearly known The objectives of terrorist groups are not clearly stated Terrorism is asymmetrical TERM 38
What are the Official US Policy strategies for
dealing with Terrorism?
DEFINITION 38
- Make no concessions2. Prosecute or kill terrorists3. Apply economic sanctions (trade restrictions)4. Use military force5. Defend against terrorism6. Address root causes of terrorism TERM 39
USA PATRIOT Act
DEFINITION 39 Passed after 9/11 - greatly expanded the power of government officials to monitor the behavior of people in the United States. threatens people's civil liberties TERM 40
Biological Theories of Conflict
DEFINITION 40 The tendency toward war and violence is a natural part of being human. Konrad Lorenz - human instinct to turn to war to defend their homeland Edward Wilson - aggressive men more likely to reproduce than less aggressive men because theyachieve higher social standings that appeal to women
Social-Conflict Analysis
Highlights the link between war and social inequality. 1. (Karl Marx) Capitalists want ever-increasing profits - through material gain. rich nations in Europe conquered and controlled other countries (colonizing)
- Rich nations use military power to protect and expand global capitalist economy. 3. War is the means by which powerful nations dominate the globe; Terrorism is the means by which the powerless fight back. TERM 47
Conservatives in War
DEFINITION 47 Favor military strength as the most effective path to peace - prevents terrorism and encourages the spread of democracy abroad. supports US military actions abroad should do whatever is necessary to identify those responsible for terrorism and bring them to justice TERM 48
Liberals in War
DEFINITION 48 Support military - but sees the high levels of spending as draining resources that could be used to provide universal health insurance, reduce poverty, and improve rundown schools. strong support for arms reduction
- First response to international tensions (including terrorism) should be diplomacy and negotiation - not war importance of United Nations TERM 49
Radical Lefts in War
DEFINITION 49 Root cause of war, terrorism, and militarism is inequality. believe real motives for war are not on moral grounds, but instead is greed war and terrorism will continue until the world moves toward greater social equality terrorism is seen as a tool used for powerless people in their fight for justice call for national and international redistribution of wealth in favor of the poor minorities TERM 50
Ultimately, the most effective way to end war
is?
DEFINITION 50 to eliminate underlying conflicts.
Every year, the nations of the world spend
about how much for military purposes?
1.75 trillion TERM 52
In today's all-volunteer military, the armed
forces are made up mostly of?
DEFINITION 52 working-class people TERM 53
The greatest resistance to opening more
combat assignments to women is the?
DEFINITION 53 traditional gender view of women as nurturers. TERM 54
Chemical weapons are one example of
DEFINITION 54 weapons of mass destruction.
