Download Term 1: Social Stratification and Poverty - Definitions and Key Concepts and more Quizzes Conflictology in PDF only on Docsity!
Social Stratification
Society's system of ranking categories of people in a hierarchy. TERM 2
Social Classes
DEFINITION 2 Categories of people who have similar access to resources and opportunities. TERM 3
Income
DEFINITION 3 Salary or wages from a job plus earnings from investments and other sources. TERM 4
Wealth
DEFINITION 4 The value of all the economic assets owned by a person or family, minus debts. TERM 5
Progress
Taxation
DEFINITION 5 A policy that raises tax rates as income increases.
Poverty Line
An income level set by the U.S. government for the purpose of counting the poor. TERM 7
Poverty Gap
DEFINITION 7 The difference between the actual income of the typical poor household and the official poverty line. TERM 8
Feminization of Poverty
DEFINITION 8 The trend of women making up an increasing share of the poor. TERM 9
Underclass
DEFINITION 9 The poor people who live in areas with high concentration of poverty and limited opportunities for schooling or work. TERM 10
Hypersegregation
DEFINITION 10 Cut off from the larger society and having no access to either good schools or good-paying jobs.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1902)
Social Darwinism - viewed society as a competitive arena where the ablest became rich and the least able fell into poverty, "survival of the fittest." TERM 17
Oscar Lewis (1961, 1966)
DEFINITION 17 Found that cities that remained poor from generation-to- generation contained a: The Culture of Poverty - cultural patterns that make poverty a way of life. TERM 18
Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray
DEFINITION 18 "Bell Curve" thesis TERM 19
Meritocracy
DEFINITION 19 A system of social inequality in which social standing corresponds to personal ability and effort. TERM 20
Social Disorganization
DEFINITION 20 The breakdown in social order caused by rapid social change.
Intersection Theory
Investigation of the interplay of race, class, and gender often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantages. TERM 22
Relative Poverty
DEFINITION 22 A small percent of government-definition-of-poor people are in absolute poverty- day-to-day survival is at stake. TERM 23
William Ryan (1976)
DEFINITION 23 Found that poverty is a problem caused by poor, whom they view as responsible for their own condition. blaming the victim - finding the cause of a social problemin the behavior of people who suffer from it. TERM 24
Internal Contradiction
DEFINITION 24 A system that produced so much ended up making so many poor. Capitalist economy Marxist Theory TERM 25
Cultural Capital
DEFINITION 25 The skills, values, attitudes, and schooling that increase a person's chances of success
