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Anatomy of Joints: Classification, Types, and Functions, Schemes and Mind Maps of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences

National Sports UniversityPhysical Activity and Sport Sciences

An overview of the anatomy of joints, including their classification as structural and functional types, and the various types of joints such as synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis. It also discusses the different joint shapes and their corresponding movements.

What you will learn

  • Which type of lever is most effective in sport movements?
  • In which plane do the movements abduction and adduction occur?
  • Which type of joint allows for multiaxial movement?
  • What is the study of joints called?
  • What movements are possible in a condyloid joint?

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2020/2021

Uploaded on 07/31/2021

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premraj-saini 🇮🇳

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Joints (articulations)
•Ajoint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made
between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a
functional whole.
•Where parts of skeleton meet
•Allows varying amounts of mobility
•Arthrology: study of joints
Classification of Joints
Classified as both
1) Structural –Structural classification is determined by how
the bones connect to each other, while
1) Functionally- functional classification is determined by the
degree of movement between the articulating bones.
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Joints (articulations)

  • A joint or articulation (or articular surface ) is the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole.
  • Where parts of skeleton meet
  • Allows varying amounts of mobility
  • Arthrology : study of joints

Classification of Joints

Classified as both 1) Structural – Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while 1) Functionally - functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones.

Joints by Functional Classification

Type Movement Example

Synarthrosis None

(minimal)

Sutures, Teeth,

Epiphyseal plates,

st

rib and costal cart.

Amphiarthrosis Slight Distal Tibia/fibula

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphysis

Diarthrosis Great Glenohumeral joint

Knee joint

Functional classification (movement)

  • Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow:
  1. Synarthrosis – permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints (e.g., skull sutures).
  2. Amphiarthrosis – permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joints (e.g., intervertebral discs).
  3. Synovial joint (also known as a diarthrosis ) – freely movable. [ Synovial joints can in turn be classified into six groups according to the type of movement they allow: plane joint, ball and socket joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint and saddle joint

Synovial Joint

  • Condyloid ( or ellipsoidal joints): egg- shape articular surface + oval concavity.
  • A condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allow primary movement within two perpendicular axes.
    • side-to-side, back+forth movement E.g. – Wrist joint (radio-carpal joint) Metacarpo-phalengeal joint.
  • Pivot : One bone rotates about another
  • round end fits into ring of bone + ligament - rotation on long axis E.g.- atlanto-axial joint, proximal radioulnar joint, and distal radioulnar joint
  • Saddle : Permit the same movements as the condyloid joints but allows greater movement.
  • articular surface both concave +

convex

  • side-to-side, back-forth movement
  • (eg) carpometacarpal joint of thumb
  • Ball + Socket( "universal Joint“): spherical head + round socket
  • These allow for all movements except gliding.
  • multiaxial movement
  • (eg) shoulder joint and hip joint.

3). Which type of lever is most effective in sport movements? (a) Third class (b) Second class (c) First class (d) None of the above. ANS – A 4). Movements possible in condyloid joint are (a) Flexion and extension (b) Circumduction only (c) Flexion, extension abduction, adduction (d) Flexion, extension, abduction adduction and circumduction. ANS - D

5). Abduction and adduction are movements: a. In the sagittal plane about the frontal axis b. In the frontal plane about the sagittal axis c. In the horizontal plane about the vertical axis d. None of the above ANS - B