Download Unit 3 | PSYC - Psychology and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
genetics
the source of heredity TERM 2
DNA
DEFINITION 2 contains genetic codes and chromosomes TERM 3
how many chromosomes does each individual
get?
DEFINITION 3 23 chromosomes from mother's egg and 23 from father's sperm the last pair is sex chromosome, the rest are autosomes TERM 4
dominant and recessive
genes
DEFINITION 4 specific traits are dependent upon pairing of genes, more active genes are dominant most traits are polygenic TERM 5
gene and chromosome problems
DEFINITION 5 genetic disorders are expressed when a child gets two recessive genes that carry genetic disorders issue may also occur if chromosomes have an extra or a missing gene
prenatal development:
conception to birth---conception is the moment at which a female becomes pregnant TERM 7
zygote and twinning
DEFINITION 7 egg and sperm unite through fertilization, resulting in a single cell (zygote) that has 46 chromosomes through mitosis, zygote begins to divide into 2 cells, then 4 alterations in mitosis can result into twins or multiples TERM 8
germinal period
DEFINITION 8 first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the uterine lining TERM 9
what happens during the germinal period?
(what develops)
DEFINITION 9 cells begin to develop into specialized cells- stem cells from, which stay in an immature state until needed to make more TERM 10
embryonic period
DEFINITION 10 once firmly attached to the uterus, called an embryo last from two weeks after conception to 8 weeks cells will specialize and become various organs and structures of an infant at the end, baby is one inch long and primitive extremities and a beating heart
sensorimotor
birth to 2 years understanding that concepts and mental images represent objects, people explore the world using their senses TERM 17
preoperational
DEFINITION 17 2 to 7 years young children refer to objects with words pretending can't conserve many characteristics of an object believe what they see as literally true egocentrism TERM 18
concrete operations
DEFINITION 18 7-12 years are able to conserve, reverse their thinking, and classify objects in terms of characteristics think logically and understand analogies that are concrete difficulty with abstract concepts TERM 19
formal operations
DEFINITION 19 12-adulthood concept based, deeply involved with hypothetical thinking studies show that only half of adults reach this stage, others focus on practical operations for their lifestyle TERM 20
Vygotsky's theory
DEFINITION 20 theory of how children think importance of social interactions intelligence aided by someone asking "triggering" questions to lead them to think examples of concepts SCAFFOLDING- learner given help at the beginning of learning process, help withdrawn later
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's theory each developing child has a zone which is the difference between what the child can do alone versus what the child can do with the help of a teacher ...it isn't what you know, it's what you can do TERM 22
Chess & Thomas:
temperament
DEFINITION 22
- easy- happy and easily soothed 2. difficult- irregular, unhappy about change 3. slow to warm up- quieter, slow to adapt to change TERM 23
four attachment types: who developed them
and what are they?
DEFINITION 23 Mary Ainsworth (strange situation study) 1. secure- willing to leave their mother, easily soothed 2. avoidant- ignore their mother 3. ambivalent- upset but ignores mother when she returns 4. disorganized/disoriented- mixed response/fears mom TERM 24
who conducted the "contact comfort' study
and what was it?
DEFINITION 24 harlow monkeys- they preferred the soft, warm "mothers" over the other mother despite food and they were more attached
