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Definitions and historical context for key terms related to race, ethnicity, and discrimination. Topics include the socially constructed concept of race, the cultural heritage of ethnicity, the experiences of minorities, and various models of majority-minority interaction. The document also covers significant events and legal decisions in the history of civil rights.
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A socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society define as important. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 A shared culturalheritage, which typically involves common ancestors, language, and religion. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Any category of people, identified by physical or cultural traits, that a society subjects to disadvantages. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4
DEFINITION 5 The systematic killing of one category of people by another.Examples include: 1500; Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch forcefully colonized North and South America 1930's and 1940's; Adolf Hitler and Nazi Government murdered 6 million "undesirables" - homosexuals, people with disabilities, jews Josef Stalin murdered 30 million people he defined to be enemies 1975-1980; Cambodia's communist regime killed millions seen as "Western" in their cultural patterns Hutus murdered Tutsis in Rwanda
The physical and social separation of categoriesof people.Examples include: Started with slavery => black and white segregated societies TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 The process by which minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns from the dominant majority population.Examples include: minorities may change their styles of dress, language, cultural values, and even religion to be more accepted in society TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 A state in which people of all racial and ethnic categories have about the same overall social standing. all people have equal standing under the law TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 U.S. Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens entitled to their rights and protections of U.S. Law. TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Declared slavery to be abolished in the breakaway southern confederacy. Abraham Lincoln Issued January 1, 1863
Prohibited segregation in employment and public accommodations. Helped bring an end to most legal discrimination in public life TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Banned voting requirements that prevented African Americans from having a political voice. Helped bring an end to most legal discrimination in public life TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Outlawed discrimination in housing. Helped bring an end to most legal discrimination in public life TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 Created labor demands in California which began a flow of immigrants from China and Japan to North America. when economy slowed, labeled as "Yellow Peril" TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 Ended the flow of new immigrants from China.
Any rigid and unfounded generalization about an entire category of people. prejudgment an attitude one develops beforeinteracting with the specific people in question TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 An exaggerated description applied to every person in some category. Assumes an entire category of people shares particular traits TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 The assertion that people of one race are less worthy than or even biologically inferior to others. TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 Developed the social distance scaleto measure prejudice among students at U.S. colleges and universities. Social Distance Scale (less social distance = greater acceptance; greater social distance = less acceptance) :I would accept a [minority category] as a...1. Family member by marriage2. Close friend3. Neighbor4. Co-worker5. Speaking acquaintance6. Visitor to my country7. I would bar from my country TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Repeated the social distance study.Results: Today's students more accepting of all minorities Today's students see less difference between the various minorities The terrorist attacks in 2001 probably increased prejudice against Arabs and Muslims
Found the authoritarian personalityidea. TERM 32
DEFINITION 32
DEFINITION 33 Prejudice develops among people who are frustrated at their lack of control over their lives. people direct hostility to safer, less powerful targets such as illegal immigrants or other minorities TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 Prejudice is built into out culture. Ex. Emory Bogardus's social distance scale TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 Educational programs designed to recognize cultural diversity in the United States and to promote respect for all cultural traditions.
The practice of using European (particularly English) cultural standards to judge everyone. TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 The unequal treatment of various categories of people. TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 Discrimination that is built into the operation of social institutions, including the economy, schools, and the legal system. Ex. Segregation TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 Policies intended to improve the social standing of minorities subject to past prejudice and discrimination. TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 Claimed that U.S. society makes whites the standard by which others should be measured and in so doing devalues any person of color.