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Race
A socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society define as important. TERM 2
Ethnicity
DEFINITION 2 A shared culturalheritage, which typically involves common ancestors, language, and religion. TERM 3
Minority
DEFINITION 3 Any category of people, identified by physical or cultural traits, that a society subjects to disadvantages. TERM 4
What are the 4 models of majority-minority
interaction?
DEFINITION 4
- Genocide2. Segregation3. Assimilation4. Pluralism TERM 5
Genocide
DEFINITION 5 The systematic killing of one category of people by another.Examples include: 1500; Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch forcefully colonized North and South America 1930's and 1940's; Adolf Hitler and Nazi Government murdered 6 million "undesirables" - homosexuals, people with disabilities, jews Josef Stalin murdered 30 million people he defined to be enemies 1975-1980; Cambodia's communist regime killed millions seen as "Western" in their cultural patterns Hutus murdered Tutsis in Rwanda
Segregation
The physical and social separation of categoriesof people.Examples include: Started with slavery => black and white segregated societies TERM 7
Assimilation
DEFINITION 7 The process by which minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns from the dominant majority population.Examples include: minorities may change their styles of dress, language, cultural values, and even religion to be more accepted in society TERM 8
Pluralism
DEFINITION 8 A state in which people of all racial and ethnic categories have about the same overall social standing. all people have equal standing under the law TERM 9
1857 Dred Scott Case
DEFINITION 9 U.S. Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens entitled to their rights and protections of U.S. Law. TERM 10
Emancipation Proclamation
DEFINITION 10 Declared slavery to be abolished in the breakaway southern confederacy. Abraham Lincoln Issued January 1, 1863
Civil Rights Act of
Prohibited segregation in employment and public accommodations. Helped bring an end to most legal discrimination in public life TERM 17
Voting Rights Act of
DEFINITION 17 Banned voting requirements that prevented African Americans from having a political voice. Helped bring an end to most legal discrimination in public life TERM 18
Civil Rights Act of
DEFINITION 18 Outlawed discrimination in housing. Helped bring an end to most legal discrimination in public life TERM 19
Gold Rush of 1849
DEFINITION 19 Created labor demands in California which began a flow of immigrants from China and Japan to North America. when economy slowed, labeled as "Yellow Peril" TERM 20
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
DEFINITION 20 Ended the flow of new immigrants from China.
Prejudice
Any rigid and unfounded generalization about an entire category of people. prejudgment an attitude one develops beforeinteracting with the specific people in question TERM 22
Stereotype
DEFINITION 22 An exaggerated description applied to every person in some category. Assumes an entire category of people shares particular traits TERM 23
Racism
DEFINITION 23 The assertion that people of one race are less worthy than or even biologically inferior to others. TERM 24
Emory Bogardus (1925)
DEFINITION 24 Developed the social distance scaleto measure prejudice among students at U.S. colleges and universities. Social Distance Scale (less social distance = greater acceptance; greater social distance = less acceptance) :I would accept a [minority category] as a...1. Family member by marriage2. Close friend3. Neighbor4. Co-worker5. Speaking acquaintance6. Visitor to my country7. I would bar from my country TERM 25
Vincent Parrillo and Christopher Donoghue
DEFINITION 25 Repeated the social distance study.Results: Today's students more accepting of all minorities Today's students see less difference between the various minorities The terrorist attacks in 2001 probably increased prejudice against Arabs and Muslims
T. W. Adorno (1950)
Found the authoritarian personalityidea. TERM 32
Societal Factors
DEFINITION 32
- Scapegoat theory2. Cultural theory TERM 33
Scapegoat Theory
DEFINITION 33 Prejudice develops among people who are frustrated at their lack of control over their lives. people direct hostility to safer, less powerful targets such as illegal immigrants or other minorities TERM 34
Cultural Theory
DEFINITION 34 Prejudice is built into out culture. Ex. Emory Bogardus's social distance scale TERM 35
Multiculturalism
DEFINITION 35 Educational programs designed to recognize cultural diversity in the United States and to promote respect for all cultural traditions.
Eurocentrism
The practice of using European (particularly English) cultural standards to judge everyone. TERM 37
Discrimination
DEFINITION 37 The unequal treatment of various categories of people. TERM 38
Institutional
Discrimination
DEFINITION 38 Discrimination that is built into the operation of social institutions, including the economy, schools, and the legal system. Ex. Segregation TERM 39
Affirmative Action
DEFINITION 39 Policies intended to improve the social standing of minorities subject to past prejudice and discrimination. TERM 40
W. E. B. Du
Bois
DEFINITION 40 Claimed that U.S. society makes whites the standard by which others should be measured and in so doing devalues any person of color.
