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Unit 4 Lesson 8 Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes, Exams of Genetics

The University of Montana (UM)Genetics

Genes are the instructions for making proteins and these proteins determine someone's traits. The organism inherits the information for building proteins that ...

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Unit 4

Lesson 8

Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes

Essential Question: How do genes determine traits?

Model the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes and

learn how to visualize these materials. By modeling the gene to protein

to trait relationship, you will understand how genes actually lead to

traits.

Partial preview of the text

Download Unit 4 Lesson 8 Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes and more Exams Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!

Unit 4

Lesson 8

Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes

Essential Question: How do genes determine traits?

Model the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes and

learn how to visualize these materials. By modeling the gene to protein

to trait relationship, you will understand how genes actually lead to

traits.

Look at all those eyes staring at you, and notice how human eyes come in different colors. Some eyes are blue with specks of green. Others are brown with a gold ring. In very rare cases, a person's eyes might even look red. Eye color is a trait that can vary from person to person. However, all humans are almost exactly the same biologically. Think about all the things you have in common with the other students in your class. You all have a digestive system and a beating heart. You all use your lungs to breathe in and blood vessels that carry oxygen to all parts of your body. You all have a brain that processes the information coming from each of your sensory receptors. In fact, you have almost exactly the same set of instructions written in your DNA. So, how do humans have all these things in common, but have very different colored eyes? In this lesson, you will learn how the DNA found inside of a cell holds the key for how to make a complex organism, like a human. First, you will learn that many of our traits are determined by the different proteins found inside the body. You will learn that the amount and structure of a protein are important in determining slight differences in a trait, like different eye colors. Also, the instructions for making these proteins are found in a person's DNA. Finally, you will learn that DNA is inherited from parents in the form of chromosomes. Throughout this lesson, you will notice the trend that something's structure helps to determine its function. Introduction p

Sec 1. Proteins and Traits Notes Sec 2. Structure of Proteins and Resulting Traits Notes Sec 3. Proteins and Eye Color Notes

Read p38-41 and take your own

notes

This may be done on multiple

Leave room for “fill in”

These review questions may also be extended on multiple pages (depending on your notes)

What single topic in biology has led to technology that makes glow-in-the-dark pigs, the ability to know your ancestral history, and the production of real life cloned sheep?

the study of genetics

Studying genetics gives us the ability to know how traits (like glowing in the dark) form, how they have changed over time, and how we can change them now to help people. These pigs are glowing because a gene from a glowing jellyfish was added to the DNA of a pig while it was an embryo. As the embryo grew, it made lots of new cells that had the jellyfish gene inside of them. With this gene, the pig cells make a protein that makes the pig glow. Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship

What single topic in biology has led to technology that makes glow-in-the-dark pigs, the ability to know your ancestral history, and the production of real life cloned sheep?

the study of genetics

Studying genetics gives us the ability to know how traits form, how they have changed over time, and how we can change them now to help people.

Dolly the sheep looks like a normal

sheep, but she did not have a normal

beginning!

Scientists fused the nucleus of a

sheep’s udder cell with a sheep egg cell

whose DNA had been removed.

They then implanted the egg cell with its

new nucleus into a surrogate mother,

who gave birth to Dolly.

Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship

DNA, genes, and chromosomes are words you have

heard before this lesson.

Discuss with your team:

What have you already learned about DNA and where

it is located?

What have you heard about genes?
What do you know about chromosomes?

2) List at least 3 kinds of professional

work that depend on understanding

genetics

Medical Scientists

Agricultural and Food Scientists

Forensic Science

Biomedical Engineers

Genetic Counselors Biochemists and Biophysicists

Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship

DNA

What do DNA, genes and chromosomes do? These materials help make proteins for the body. You can think of them as similar to items used to make food in a kitchen. Analogy:

Chromosome: storage for the instructions, like a recipe box
DNA: the material that makes up the instructions, like the paper and ink of a recipe card
Gene: the instructions, or recipe, for a protein
Proteins: molecules that build traits—think of them as the food made by following the recipes

4) Think of another analogy for what DNA, genes, and chromosomes do? Brainstorm in your

notebook, and then discuss.

One example is sheet music for a song: The chromosome is the book of songs. The paper and ink

are the DNA; The musical notation on the sheet music is the gene, and the song is the protein.

Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship Chromosome Gene Proteins

As a Parks and Wildlife Official, you have received a call from a concerned tourist who thinks that glowing toxic sludge is polluting the beaches. You explain that he has just witnessed plankton bioluminescence. He asks you to explain, and you tell him that some living things can make their own light with chemical reactions in their cells. This ability to make light is called bioluminescence. What doo you think the ability to make light is? The ability to make light is a trait. Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship

The tourist is confused.

Since you’ve received similar calls many times,

you decide to build an exhibit for the Parks

Office Visitor Center modeling how

bioluminescence occurs.

First, let’s establish how this living glow works.

You will develop a template for modeling the

cause underlying any trait.

Not all plankton glow—only certain species

have this trait.

One common glowing plankton is shown here.

Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship

What material that might be involved in the trait of being able to produce light? In other words what might cause some species of plankton to have the trait of glowing? Answer in your notebook and then discuss Since traits are related to proteins, glowing would be caused by a protein that is present in the glowing plankton species. Investigation 1: Modeling the Gene to Protein to Trait Relationship Luciferase is a protein that helps make the plankton glow. It is complex, and sometimes scientists represent it as a twisting ribbon.

Unit 4 Lesson 8 Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes, Exams of Genetics

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Unit 4 Lesson 8 Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes and more Exams Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!

Unit 4

Lesson 8

Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes

Essential Question: How do genes determine traits?

Model the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes and

learn how to visualize these materials. By modeling the gene to protein

to trait relationship, you will understand how genes actually lead to

traits.

Read p38-41 and take your own

notes

This may be done on multiple

pages

Leave room for “fill in”

the study of genetics

the study of genetics

Dolly the sheep looks like a normal

sheep, but she did not have a normal

beginning!

Scientists fused the nucleus of a

sheep’s udder cell with a sheep egg cell

whose DNA had been removed.

They then implanted the egg cell with its

new nucleus into a surrogate mother,

who gave birth to Dolly.

DNA, genes, and chromosomes are words you have

heard before this lesson.

Discuss with your team:

it is located?

2) List at least 3 kinds of professional

work that depend on understanding

genetics

Medical Scientists

Agricultural and Food Scientists

Forensic Science

Biomedical Engineers

Genetic Counselors Biochemists and Biophysicists

DNA

4) Think of another analogy for what DNA, genes, and chromosomes do? Brainstorm in your

notebook, and then discuss.

One example is sheet music for a song: The chromosome is the book of songs. The paper and ink

are the DNA; The musical notation on the sheet music is the gene, and the song is the protein.

The tourist is confused.

Since you’ve received similar calls many times,

you decide to build an exhibit for the Parks

Office Visitor Center modeling how

bioluminescence occurs.

First, let’s establish how this living glow works.

You will develop a template for modeling the

cause underlying any trait.

Not all plankton glow—only certain species

have this trait.

One common glowing plankton is shown here.

Plankton make luciferase and

store it floating around the

cytoplasm of a cell.

When waves crash, there is a lot

of disturbance that causes the

plankton to react as if something

bumped into them.

This sets off a chain of events in

the cell that activates the

luciferase to bring together all the

ingredients needed in the

chemical reaction that makes

light.