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Unit 9.3 Solutions, Summaries of Chemistry

When soluble ionic compounds dissolve in aqueous solution, the compound dissociates into its component ions to produce electrolytes. NaCl (s) --> Na+ (aq) + Cl- ...

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Unit 9.3 Solutions -
Solubility
Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys
Objectives
General properties of solutions
Dissolution reactions
Vocabulary
Solution - a mixture of a solute and a
solvent
Solute - a minor component of a
solution.
Solvent - the major component of a
solution
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pf4
pf5

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Unit 9.3 Solutions -

Solubility

Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys

Objectives

  • General properties of solutions
  • Dissolution reactions

Vocabulary

  • Solution - a mixture of a solute and a solvent
  • Solute - a minor component of a solution.
  • Solvent - the major component of a solution

Types of Solutions

  • Solid solutions - alloys
  • Liquid solutions - aqueous solutions
  • Gaseous solutions - air

Types of Solutions

  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
  • Super-saturated

Solubility

  • The solubility of a solute in a solvent is determined by the similarity of the intermolecular forces.
  • “Like dissolves like”

Dissolution reactions

When soluble ionic compounds dissolve in aqueous solution, the compound dissociates into its component ions to produce electrolytes. NaCl (s) --> Na+^ (aq) + Cl-^ (aq) Fe(NO 3 ) 3 (s) --> Fe3+^ (aq) + 3 NO 3 -^ (aq)

Measuring Solubility

  • The solubility of a compound is often measured based on the grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of water.
  • A compound that will dissolve greater than 1 g of solute per 100 g of water is considered soluble.
  • A compound that dissolves less than 1 g of solute per 100 g of water is considered insoluble.

Solubility Rules

  • Ions that are generally soluble have low charges - Nitrates, acetates, chloride, ammonium, chlorate
  • Combining ions with high charges generally results in insoluble compounds, i.e Fe 2 O 3

Solubility Rules

Soluble or Insoluble

  • CoS
  • CaCl 2
  • PbCl 2
  • CaSO 4
  • AgCl
  • NaOH
  • Zn(NO 3 ) 2