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Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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Although the promotion (to company officer) may be immediate, the from ___ occurs over time and requires many personal changes and adjustments. - ansfollower to leader In the fire and emergency services, company officers are crucial to... - ans...the personnel they supervise, the administration they support and the public they serve. New company officers need to recognize that they are both... - ans...a supervisor and a subordinate. The company officer and the unit members are often the first ___ the public will have with the local fire and emergency service. - ansdirect contacts Company officers provide the most direct influence over ___. They are the vital link between ___. - ansthe firefighters they supervise, the unit and the organization's administration Company officers should ___ their department's mission, vision and values. Concerns and complaints should only be voiced ___. - ansfully support, up the chain of command, never to subordinates Attempting to duplicate the previous officer's ___ can create resentment and a loss of respect for the new officer. - ansbehavior and personality The new officer should take every opportunity to... - ans...verbalize personal expectations, establish priorities and listen to expectations. The officer must understand the experience level, educational and ___ differences within the crew. - ansgenerational ___ expectations may be the most difficult to overcome. - ansInternal Rank may also be confused with ______, something that must be earned and returned. - ansrespect A new officer should rarely resort to ___ as a reason for compliance but there are situations where it is ___ to do so. - ansrank, appropriate The officer should establish relationships based on mutual respect for... - ans...the ability of each unit member. The people and groups to whom company officers are responsible and related duties may be assigned in service to: - ansSubordinates Chain of command Organization Public Profession Family Themselves According to NFPA ___ the duties of a company officer are divided into general categories that apply for all fire officer levels. - ans As listed in NFPA 1021, the categories of duties for all levels are: - ansCommunity and government relations Administration Inspection and investigation Emergency services delivery Healthy and safety
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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Level 1 fire officers must be able to respond ___ to citizen inquiries and complaints. - ansefficiently and courteously Officers must be able to present public fire and life safety ___ to community members. - anseducational programs A Level 1 fire officer must administer the organization's ___ at the unit level. - anspolicies, procedures and orders The Level 1 officer who supervises the first arriving unit is responsible for performing the... - ans...initial size-up of the situation, establishing the Incident Command System (ICS) and allocating the resources to control the incident. The first arriving company officer must develop and initiate... - ans...an incident action plan (IAP) and an incident safety plan (ISP). ICS - ansIncident Command System ISP - ansIncident Safety Plan IAP - ansIncident Action Plan ___ helps fire and emergency services organizations provide the highest level of service to their customers at the lowest possible level. - ansOrganizational structure Written ___ and rules and regulations are used to define organizational policy and describe behavioral and employee performance expectations. - ansstandard operating procedures/standard operating guidelines (SOPs/SOGs) ___ must understand their organization's structure, where their units are located in the organization and how their units relate to other organizational parts. - ansCompany officers ___ is commonly used in the fire and emergency services, defined as having an uninterrupted series of steps or a chain of command. - ansScalar structure Direct communication at lower organizational levels allows for... - ans...quicker actions and reactions. Within this scalar structure, certain decision making authority is delegated to lower levels and... - ans...communication is enhanced. Line and staff are terms that refer to an organizational concept that separates fire and emergency services personnel into the following two distinct groups: - ansLine personnel and staff personnel Line personnel: - ansThose who deliver services to the public or External customers Staff personnel: - ansThose who provide support to the line personnel or internal customers. ___refers to the legal ability of an individual to make and implement decisions for which the individual is held accountable for. - ansAuthority There are two types of decision making authority: - ansCentralized authority and decentralized authority. Centralized authority - ansDecisions are made by one person at the top of the structure. This model works well in a very small organization, such as an individual fire company. AHJ - ansAuthority Having Jurisdiction Decentralized authority - ansDecisions are made at a lower level with the effect of the decision reported through the structure. In decentralized authority structures, decision making authority should be delegated to the... - ans...lowest level possible.
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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___ consists of dividing large jobs into smaller tasks that are assigned to specific individuals.
- ansDivision of labor The fire and emergency services use division of labor to: - ans-Assign responsibility
- Prevent duplication of effort
- Make specific, clear cut assignments For the division of labor principle to be effective, all positions within the organization must be... - ans...clearly defined. ___ should be provided so that company personnel are able to perform a variety of tasks with proficiency. - ansCross-training Cross-training enables different companies to work together effectively because each company officer understands the... - ans...capabilities, requirements and needs of the others. One of the roles of the company officer is to make the best possible use of... - ans...available resources. ___ is critical in emergency situations where personal risks are high and hazardous conditions can change rapidly. - ansLeadership ___ is essential to limiting injuries, assuring accountability and attaining operational goals. - ansMotivating personnel To become an effective leader, company officers should cultivate the following leadership qualities: - ans-Vision
- Decisiveness
- Intelligence
- Self-assurance
- Initiative
- Motivation and desire for professional success
- Integrity
- Personal security
- Industriousness
- Innovation and creativity
- Consistency
- Preparedness
- Protectiveness Company officers should practice and improve: - ans-Supervisory skills
- Interpersonal skills
- Communication skills Having an idea or concept of future developments; being able to view situations from all angles while still understand that tradition can provide direction. - ansVision Making decisions quickly and effectively. - ansDecisiveness Using logic and reason in making decisions. - ansIntelligence Demonstrating self confidence when making decisions. - ansSelf-assurance Accomplishing goals and objectives with a minimum of supervision. - ansInitiative Gaining additional responsibility and influence within the organization. - ansMotivation and desire for professional success Applying honesty and strong moral principles to the decision making process. - ansIntegrity
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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Bring secure in the leadership position. - ansPersonal security Working hard to fulfill duties. - ansIndustriousness Seeking new and imaginative methods. - ansInnovation and creativity Applying procedures, policies, rewards, and discipline evenly and fairly. - ansConsistency Being ready for potential situations. - ansPreparedness Anticipating, embracing and meeting change. - ansProactiveness Planning, organizing, directing and controlling in order to coordinate the units efforts to accomplish objectives. - ansSupervisory skills Working successfully with others to accomplish tasks. - ansInterpersonal skills Expressing oneself clearly and effectively to others and interpreting feedback from others who are either internal or external to the organization. - ansCommunication skills The first step in developing leadership skills is to study successful leaders and... - ans...develop your own list of leadership qualities. This leadership style provides clear directions of what, how and when tasks will be preformed. - ansAutocratic This leadership style solicits input from followers before making decisions. - ansDemocratic This leadership style does not make decisions or avoids making them. - ansLaissez-faire Leadership style in which organizations change is accomplished by followers commitment to the leader's vision and inspiration. - ansTransformational Sometimes called managerial leadership, this leadership style enforces compliance through rewards and punishments. - ansTransactional Command presence is a unique skill that includes the ability to: - ans-Identify the situation's components
- Assess the need for action
- Determine the nature of the necessary interventions
- Initiate action A command presence inspires confidence from... - ans...subordinates, the administration and the public. To achieve command presence, it may be helpful to model or develop the following qualities
- ans-Self-confidence
- Trustworthiness
- Consistency
- Responsibility
- Tolerance/acceptance
- Expertise
- Accountability A system of moral principles. - ansEthics Fire officers must understand the importance of ___ and adhere to it. - ansethical conduct Unethical behavior on the part of only one member can damage... - ans...the reputation of the entire organization. ___ determines what an individual believes about morality and right and wrong. - ansPersonal ethics
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Conducting testing as a team, ensuring the readiness of PPE, apparatus and tools, and developing pre incident plans for occupancies and hazards are examples of... - ans...emergency response activities. Being technically any tactically proficient and ensuring that members are physically and mentally prepared to respond to emergency situations during their work shifts are examples of... - ans...preparation for emergency response activities. Thoroughly and efficiently completing reports and records, station maintenance and other administrative duties are examples of... - ans...organizational duties. EAP - ansEmployee Assistance Program A strong command presence can help the supervisor defuse a situation... - ans...quickly and effectively. Company officers have a responsibility to ___ of unlawful discrimination, harassment, workplace violence and other illegal or disruptive behavior up chain of command or directly to human resource, if applicable. - ansreport allegations The company officer must be knowledgeable of the specific reporting policies and procedures of the AHJ to prevent legal liability for the... - ans...individual and the agency. When brainstorming is used in problem solving process,... - ans...everyone has a voice. Encourage and employ the contributions of ___ team members. - ansculturally diverse SMART objectives can assist a company officer in managing and leading a crew. SMART stands for: - ans-Specific
- Measurable
- Action-oriented
- Relevant
- Time sensitive In SMART, S stands for: - ansSpecific-Provide a precise description of what must be accomplished. In SMART, M stands for: - ansMeasurable-Ensure that progress toward the end goal can be determined In SMART, A stands for: - ansAction-oriented-Describe what and how actions will be taken In SMART, R stands for: - ansRelevant-Ensure that what you set out to achieve is needed and attainable In SMART, T stands for: - ansTime-sensitive-Set deadlines for completion. Commanding officers must communicate instructions ___ at emergency incidents, because there may be little or no time for subordinate to ask questions. - ansclearly and concisely Company officers usually supervise a department's smallest subdivision. The unit typically consists of ___ to carry out its assigned duties. - anspersonnel, facilities, apparatus and equipment A company officer guides the individuals in the group and focuses their efforts on becoming a cohesive team. This usually follows a four stage development model that includes: - ans- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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___ is the planned (and sometimes unplanned) termination of the group task. - ansAdjourning Delegating tasks, recognizing individual contributions and encouraging participation are ways that a supervisor can increase employee... - ans... self-image and productivity. ___ in the workforce is a process of giving motivational direction, positive reinforcement and constructive feedback to employees in order to maintain and improve their performance. - ansCoaching ___ assist in identifying and resolving personal, behavioral or career problems that are adversely affecting an individuals performance. - ansCounseling The counseling four step method: - ans1. Describe current performance
- Describe the desired performance
- Gain a commitment for change
- Follow up the commitment ___ uses a positive role model to better prepare individuals for their roles and responsibilities within the organization. - ansMentoring Fair and equal treatment may not always mean... - ans...treating everyone the same. ___ is the process of controlling or directing available resources for the purpose of achieving a goal or objective through the use of authority or persuasion. - ansManaging Primary resources provided by tax or payers through political and economic support include:
- ans-Personnel
- Facilities
- Apparatus
- Tools and equipment
- Legal jurisdiction Four functions of management are essential to the management of fire and emergency service organizations. They are: - ans-Planning
- Organizing
- Directing
- Controlling The management function to create mission statements and set goals and objectives. - ansPlanning The management function to coordinate tasks and resources to accomplish the unit's goals and objectives. - ansOrganizing The management function to guide, influence, inspire and motivate employees to achieve the goals and objectives within a group. - ansDirecting The management function to establish and implement mechanisms to ensure that objectives are attained. - ansControlling Company officers must develop certain ___ skills in order to properly apply management functions. - ansmanagement and interpersonal To be an effective manager, company officers must possess the following: - ans- Administrative skills
- Human and communication skills
- Conceptual and decision-making skills
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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Organizational principle that allows workers to report to more than one supervisor without violating the unity of command principle. - ansFunctional supervision The process of going around a link in the chain of command to deal with an issue. - ansSidestepping Notifying one's supervisor that one wishes to take an issue to the supervisor's supervisor. - ansSkip level notification ___ are the most important human resources available to fire an emergency service organizations. - ansEmployees Company officers must consider the safety, health and well-being of their personnel... - ans... above all else. Planning models provide a ___ to decision-making. - anssystematic approach Company officers can use the following steps to solve problems or make decision decisions: - ans-Identify
- Select
- Design
- Implement
- Evaluate Evaluation may indicate the knee for some changes in the activity. When changes are identified a new analysis is used to begin the cycle again. The company officer is usually responsible for managing the ___ process during the probationary period. - ansevaluation During the probationary period, first line supervisors provide ___ while observing, documenting and evaluating the new members performance against established standards, policies, procedures, and practices. - ansguidance Legally company officers have been ___ because they "knew" or "should have known" harassment was occurring. - ansheld liable ___ may indicate a serious problem or it may be the result of circumstances beyond the members control. - ansAbsenteeism Common types of behavior that people exhibit when faced with conflict include: - ans- Passive
- Aggressive
- Passive/aggressive
- Assertive Behavior that occurs when people hide their own emotions so that others do not know how they feel. - ansPassive Behavior that occurs when people express their emotions openly and use threatening behavior towards people or objects that violate the rights of others. - ansAggressive Behavior that occurs when people express negative feelings, resentment, and aggression in unassertive and/or passive ways (procrastination, stubbornness, refusal to communicate). - ansPassive/aggressive Behavior that occurs when people express their emotions honestly and defend their rights without hurting others. - ansAssertive Possible reasons that people break the rules include the following: - ans-Resentment
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- Boredom
- Ignorance
- Stress Corrective disciplinary action should be taken in a manner that is... - ans...progressive and lawful. ___ starts with training/education to correct the first time that he or she fails to meet performance standards or violate the rules of conduct. - ansProgressive discipline Discipline progresses to ___ measures if there are additional offenses. - anspunitive (formal sanctions) Progressive discipline usually involves three levels of action: - ans-Preventive action
- Corrective action
- Punitive action Holding an individual counseling session to correct inappropriate behavior as soon as it is discovered and prevent it from becoming a pattern or progressing to a more serious offense. - ansPreventative action Use when a member repeats a violation for which preventative action was taken, commits a different violation or commits a serious violation as a first event. - ansCorrective action Use this action when a member either continues to exhibit inappropriate behavior, despite earlier corrective efforts, or commits a serious violation of organizational rules as a first offense. - ansPunitive action Corrective action differs from preventive action in that it is... - ans...always done in writing. Discipline may only be administered for violation of the following: - ans-Rules, regulations and laws
- Standard operating procedures/standard operating guidelines (SOPs/SOGs)
- Verbal orders
- Collective bargaining agreements A subordinate or labor representative may ___ if the company officer does not follow agreement procedures when administering even a minor disciplinary action. - anslodge a grievance A complaint against management by one or more personnel concerning an actual, alleged or perceived injustice. - ansGrievance Internal employees, external beneficiaries and stakeholders are often referred to as ___ by fire and emergency services organizations. - anscustomers Fire and emergency services organizations have two main types of customers: - ans-Internal customers
- External customers Internal customers should be allowed to participate in the ___ at meetings. This participation empowers them, improving ___. - ansdecision-making process, morale and productivity ___ are the first, and sometimes only, contacts that citizens have with the fire and emergency services organization. - ansCompany officers and crew members To establish a positive relationship with the community, the company officer must first know who the ___ are as as well as where they live and work. - ansexternal customers PIO - ansPublic Information Officer
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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___ are the basis for company level training such as initial fire attack, use of incident command system, rapid intervention, crew procedures, fire ground search and rescue. - ansStandard operating procedures (SOPs) As the first level of supervision within the organization, company officers are responsible for administering policies and procedures and reporting any problems that occur when ___ them.
- ansusing or enforcing An emergency incident, orders and directives are considered ___. - ansmandatory Properly given orders result in the need for less supervision in the future as members... - ans... learn what is expected of them. Company officers must exhibit strong leadership abilities and a ___ at emergency incidents. - anscommand presence To develop support for an unpopular order, company officers should find out why... - ans... the order was issued. Public organizations, use two types of budgets: - ans-Capital budget (projected major purchases)
- Operating budgets (recurring expenses of day-to-day operations) A ___ includes projected major purchases-items that cost more than a specified amount of money and are expected to last more than one year (usually three or more years). - anscapital budget An organization's is used to pay for the reoccurring expenses of day-to-day operations. - ansoperating budget There are six major steps in the budget process: - ans-Planning
- Preparing
- Implementing
- Monitoring
- Evaluating
- Revising Company officers must strive to provide ___ in the records and reports that they file. - ansaccurate data Personnel records include the following categories of information: - ans-Training
- Performance
- Attendance
- Hazardous materials or biological/medical exposures
- Medical history Maintenance records are usually divided into two distinct categories: - anspreventative and corrective. ___ is usually performed according to a predetermined schedule to prevent damage, reduce wear and extend the useful life of an item, vehicle or facility. - ansPreventive maintenance ___ and repairs are often due to an unforeseen event. Damage may be caused by an accident, overuse, operator, error or even abuse. - ansCorrective maintenance NFIRS - ansNational Fire Incident Reporting System ___ include training, performance, attendance, hazardous materials or biological/medical exposures and medical records. - ansPersonnel records
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LODD - ansLine of Duty Death Performance evaluations can help individuals to: - ans-Spot trends and habits in personal performance and behavior
- Reinforce good skills and discipline
- Correct unfavorable behaviors
- improve their knowledge, skills and abilities Because of the delayed effects of some of these hazards and the compounding effects of others, the organization must retain accurate records for ___ years, following the end of the individual's employment. - ans ___ records are kept on all employees for the duration of their employment plus 30 years - ansMedical Company officers must record: - ans-All job related injuries or illnesses that affect personnel assigned to them
- Exposures to hazardous materials or substances that may result in future health problems
- Non-job related illnesses when they result in the use of sick or injury leave
- Trends that might indicate the abuse of sick leave Personnel should not expect their information to remain ___ when they use equipment or any personal device devices connected to the organization's computer systems. - ansprivate A doctrine holding individuals Responsible, ethically, for actions they may take (acts) or not take (omissions) with foreseen results. - ansActs or omissions The process of addressing the larger issue of prevent preventable injury that is occurring in a community. - ansCommunity risk reduction (CRR) Reactive maintenance or repairs that are performed after a breakdown or mechanical failure. - ansCorrective maintenance Quality of an organizations relationship with individuals who have contact with the organization. - ansCustomer service Statistical characteristics of a given population such as average age, income, education level, ethnicity, nationality, and religion. - ansDemographics The inclusion of people of different races or cultures in a group or organization. - ansDiversity Scheduled, ongoing, routine, inspection, and maintenance that is intended to prolong the life, and to prevent the breakdown of apparatus, equipment, and facilities that does not involve repairing or replacing of damaged or worn out components. - ansPreventive maintenance A person who leads or directs a unit. - ansLeader Individual who accomplishes organizational adjectives through effective and efficient handling of material and human resources. - ansManager A person who is responsible for directing the performance of other people or employees. - ansSupervisor For fire and emergency responders, the workplace can be generally divided into... - ans... the emergency scene, en route to and from the emergency scene and facilities. Company officers must have the ability to recognize when crewmembers are performing unsafe actions, or when they are ___ unsafe conditions. - ansnot avoiding The leading injuries among responders are... - ans... sprains and strains.
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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- Personal protection The traditional approach that safety professionals use for hazard control has been the Three E's of Safety model: - ansEngineering, education and enforcement. An example of operation risk management contains a five step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to evaluate the most current risks. This five step process is: - ans- Situational awareness
- Hazard assessment
- Hazard control
- Decision point
- Evaluate Risk factors for firefighter mental illness are: - ans-Sleep deprivation
- Witnessing traumatic events
- Loss of a close relationship
- Knowing others who have died by suicide
- Heavy alcohol or drug use
- Major physical illness or injury
- Isolation or lack of social support Warning signs for firefighter mental illness are: - ans-Sudden withdrawal from social contact
- Increasingly reckless behavior
- Having a suicide plan (time, place, method)
- Persistent feeling of hopelessness
- Mood swings/change in behavior Regarding accident scene control involving firefighters, the officer in charge of the incident ensures that the accident scene is secured, and that all equipment, clothing, or vehicles are... - ans... left in place. Regarding accident scene control involving firefighters, if conditions require that vehicles be moved an attempt should be made to... - ans...photograph or at least sketch the location of each vehicle. When a unit member experiences a job related injury, or illness, the first duty of a company officer is to... - ans...ensure prompt medical treatment for the individual. NFPA 1581 - ansStandard on Fire Department Infection Control Program Company officers should consider factors that may be relevant to an investigation as soon as... - ans... they are aware of the incident. Absorption rates increase 400% for every blank degree rise in temperature. Areas of high absorption rates include the... - ans5, ... groin, jaw, forehead, and back. In conducting an investigation, company officers collect basic information about the participants, events or incident. The investigation should provide the following information: - ans-General information
- Employee characteristics
- Environmental information
- Apparatus/equipment information Company officers/incident commanders should ___ and ensure that rehab policies and procedures are followed. - ansset the example
Comprehensive Guide to the IFSTA Company
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Unplanned, uncontrolled event (or sequence of events) resulting from unsafe acts and/or occupational conditions; can result in injury, death or property damage. Typically caused by persons who are either unaware or uninformed of potential hazards, ignorant of safety policies, or fail to follow safety procedures. - ansAccident Cancer producing substance - ansCarcinogen Condition, substance or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk. - ansHazard Allowing firefighters or rescuers to rest, rehydrate, and recover during an incident; also refers to a station at an incident where personnel can rest, rehydrate, and recover. - ansRehabilitation 1.). Likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard; exposure to a hazard. The potential for failure or loss. 2.). Estimated affect that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures in a community; likelihood of a hazard event, resulting in an adverse condition that causes injury or damage. Often expressed as high, moderate or a low or in terms of potential monetary losses associated with the intensity of the hazard. - ansRisk Analyzing exposure to hazards, implementing appropriate risk management techniques, and monitoring the results. - ansRisk management The goal of company or unit level training is to maintain and reinforce ___, ___, and ___ that each unit member has upon completion of formal entry level training. - ansknowledge, skills, and abilities Company level training should provide the opportunity to develop mastery of those skills, two integrate ___ into the unit and to improve teamwork. - ansnew company members Company officers must also possess good ___ and ___ to create a team. - ansleadership skills, enthusiasm During company level training, the company officer assumes the role of ___ and company members become the ___. - ansinstructor, students Four step method of instruction: - ans-Preparation
- Presentation
- Application
- Evaluation The ___ is basic to all teaching. - anslesson plan The company officer should review all of the ___ that has been provided for the topic, practice the required method, and request any assistance necessary before ___. - anstraining material, starting the lesson ___ can be used effectively to show the operation of tools, equipment, apparatus, or materials, and show the results of their use. - ansDemonstrations Company officers may ask company members who are ___ to give demonstrations. - anstrained in specialized skills Company officers must emphasize the importance of ___ while demonstrating every step of a skill or task. - anssafety Company level ___ evolutions reinforce the skills learned during formal training sessions and help company personnel to work together. - anspractical training
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When conducting inspections or preplanning buildings and facilities, company officers should refer to their ___ division if they have questions regarding potential code infractions. - ansfire prevention The term ___ describes a set of requirements that are similar to a standard, and these requirements are generally called prescriptive codes. - ansmodel code Company officers should be familiar with the locally adopted code and... - ans... it's amendments. NFPA 101 - ansLife Safety Code NFPA 5000 - ansBuilding Construction and Safety Code The ___ develops and publishes the majority of the consensus standards concerning fire protection, electrical systems, and life safety systems used in the US and Canada. - ansNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) In the United States, there are currently two major model building codes,... - ans... NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code and the International Code Council's (ICC) International Building Code (IBC) Because local AHJs can amend model codes to meet their needs, company officers must be familiar with... - ans... the building codes adopted within their jurisdiction. Both the NFPA and the IBC classified buildings in ___ types of construction. - ansfive (Type I through Type V) Type I construction (fire resistive) - ansProvide the highest level of protection from fire spread as well as structural collapse. Reinforced concrete, precast, concrete and protected steel frame construction meet the criteria for Type I construction. Type I structures are often incorrectly, referred to as being fireproof. While the structure will not burn the structure may... - ans... degrade from the effects of fire. Type II construction (Noncombustible) - ansComposed of materials that will not contribute to fire development or spread. The most common form of this construction type includes metal framing members, metal cladding, or concrete block wall construction and unprotected open web joists supporting metal roof decks. Type III construction (ordinary construction) - ansCommonly found in mercantile, business, residential structures in older schools. This construction type requires that exterior walls and structural members be constructed of non-combustible or limited combustible materials. Interior walls, columns, beams, floors and roofs are completely or partially constructed of wood. Type IV construction (heavy timber) - ansCharacterized by the use of large dimensional lumber or laminated wood. Type IV structures are extremely stable and resistant to collapse due to the sheer mass of their structural members. Modern Type IV may include small dimensional lumber ___ to form a laminated structural member. - ansglued together (sometimes called glue laminated or glulam elements) Type V construction (wood frame) - ansCommonly known as wood frame, consists of framing materials that include wood 2x4 or 2x6 inch studs. The outside of the framing members is covered with any number of materials as exterior siding. ___, ___, and ___ at the scene are more important indicators of structural collapse than the construction methods used. - ansSize up, duration of the fire, fire ground actions
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__ are the most common type of factory built homes, almost completely pre-fabricated prior to delivery and the least expensive. - ansManufactured (mobile) homes Manufactured homes are not required to... - ans... conformed to the model building codes. Modular or sectional homes must ___ with the same local building codes as site built homes.
- anscomply An ___ can be defined as the use of all or a portion of a building or structure. - ansoccupancy classification Using ___, company officers can gain a reasonable expectation of the hazard level, fire protection requirements, and safety features required in a particular building. - ansoccupancy classifications Buildings classified Group I ICC codes are occupancies in which people with physical limitations due to health or age cared for or provided medical treatment. Institutional occupancies include: - ans-Healthcare
- Ambulatory healthcare
- Detention and correctional
- Residential board and care
- Daycare The NFPA divide a residential occupancies into five categories: - ans-One and two family dwelling
- Lodging or rooming house
- Hotel
- Dormitory
- Apartment building The utility/miscellaneous classification, which is only recognized by the ___, is used for buildings or structures that do not fit any other classifications. - ansICC Types of fire detection, and alarm systems include: - ans-Local
- Auxiliary
- Remote station
- Proprietary
- Central station
- emergency voice/Alarm communications NFPA 14 classifies, standpipe and hose systems as ___, according to their intended use. - ansClass I, II, or III Smoke management system types include: - ans-Passive systems
- Pressurization systems Smoke control systems use several methods: - ans-Zoned smoke control
- Dilution
- Exhaust method
- Opposed airflow method Once a fire start, company officers need to be able to predict how the fire will ___ in a given structure. - ansgrow and spread Keep in mind that if the fire enters ventilation limited decay that does not indicate that the fire is... - ans... in its final stage of development.
