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Fluoroscopy Exam Prep: Questions and Answers for California Test 2025, Exams of Mining Engineering

Georgia Gwinnett College (GGC)Mining Engineering

A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers related to fluoroscopy, a crucial imaging technique in radiology. It covers various aspects of fluoroscopy, including image intensifiers, radiation safety, equipment components, and image quality factors. The questions are designed to test the knowledge and understanding of individuals preparing for the california fluoroscopy test or other similar examinations in the field of medical imaging. The document serves as a valuable resource for students, radiologic technologists, and healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their expertise in fluoroscopy and ensure patient safety during fluoroscopic procedures. It emphasizes key concepts such as radiation protection, image optimization, and the technical aspects of fluoroscopic equipment, making it an essential tool for exam preparation and continuous professional development. This guide is tailored to help achieve a+ mastery in fluoroscopy.

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Unlocking Success: The Ultimate Guide to the
California Fluoroscopy Test 2025 - Comprehensive
Exam Questions, Verified Answers, and Complete
Solutions for A+ Mastery! Multiple Choices With
100% Correct Solutions. Already Graded A+
An image intensifiers photocathode causes ___ to be given off in direct proportion to the
intensity of the fluorescent light:
a. remnant radiation
b. electrons
c. x-rays
d. light photons - anselectrons
What fluoroscopic television system device decodes the video signal into a visible image?
a. Vidicon camera
b. Camera control unit
c. Television monitor
d. Electron gun - ansTelevision Monitor
Which of the following materials are used in the construction of a fluoroscopic tabletop?
1. Lead
2. Aluminum
3. Bakelite
4. Carbon fiber - ans2, 3, and 4
Geometric factors in the shape of the image intensification tube
b. Focal-film-distance (FFD)
c. Object-to-image distance (OID)
d. Minification gain - ans...
If the entrance skin dose is measured from the surface of the tabletop, the x-ray source is
located:
a. either over or under the table
b. under the table
c. over the table
d. not enough information provided - ansb. Under the table
The mottle level of an image can be adjusted by:
1. changing mA
2. changing kVp
3. changing the exposure factors
4. increasing the number of available x-ray photons - ansAll of the above
During a fluoroscopic exam, the main source of scattered radiation is produced from:
a. the patient
b. x-ray source
c. table top
d. leakage radiation - ansthe patient
Excessive lighting in the fluoroscopy room:
a. Helps to perceive a dim image as brighter
b. Helps to properly adjust the overall luminance of the TV image
c. Enhances visualization of a black and white TV image
d. May result in increasing the technical operating factors - ansMay result in increasing the
technical operating factors
Suitable gonad shields must be used:
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California Fluoroscopy Test 2025 - Comprehensive

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An image intensifiers photocathode causes ___ to be given off in direct proportion to the intensity of the fluorescent light: a. remnant radiation b. electrons c. x-rays d. light photons - anselectrons What fluoroscopic television system device decodes the video signal into a visible image? a. Vidicon camera b. Camera control unit c. Television monitor d. Electron gun - ansTelevision Monitor Which of the following materials are used in the construction of a fluoroscopic tabletop?

  1. Lead
  2. Aluminum
  3. Bakelite
  4. Carbon fiber - ans2, 3, and 4 Geometric factors in the shape of the image intensification tube b. Focal-film-distance (FFD) c. Object-to-image distance (OID) d. Minification gain - ans... If the entrance skin dose is measured from the surface of the tabletop, the x-ray source is located: a. either over or under the table b. under the table c. over the table d. not enough information provided - ansb. Under the table The mottle level of an image can be adjusted by:
  5. changing mA
  6. changing kVp
  7. changing the exposure factors
  8. increasing the number of available x-ray photons - ansAll of the above During a fluoroscopic exam, the main source of scattered radiation is produced from: a. the patient b. x-ray source c. table top d. leakage radiation - ansthe patient Excessive lighting in the fluoroscopy room: a. Helps to perceive a dim image as brighter b. Helps to properly adjust the overall luminance of the TV image c. Enhances visualization of a black and white TV image d. May result in increasing the technical operating factors - ansMay result in increasing the technical operating factors Suitable gonad shields must be used:

California Fluoroscopy Test 2025 - Comprehensive

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a. Whenever gonads are within the useful x-raybeam b. When shielding of gonads does not interfere with the diagnosis c. On all potentially procreative patients d. At all times - ansWhen shielding of gonads does not interfere with the diagnosis Which of the following are true concerning cine film?

  1. Available film sizes are: 70 mm, 100 mm, and 110 mm
  2. The larger the film size the better the image quality
  3. Nearly all cine-fluorography exams involve studies of the GI system
  4. Delivers approximately the same dose as routine photospot image recording - ans2 only The exposure rate at the tabletop may not exceed five rads per minute except:
  5. when using the ABC on large patients
  6. during magnification mode
  7. where higher exposure rates are allowed - ansb. 1, 2 and 3 only Images produced with photo spot film cameras ___ spot films taken with conventional cassettes.
  8. use a higher mA than
  9. require about 1/2 to 1/3 the dose of
  10. exhibit superior image quality compared to - ansrequire about 1/2 to 1/3 the dose The ability of an imaging system to differentiate small objects that are closely spaced as separate objects is referred to as: a. Differentiation b. Resolution c. Statistical fluctuation d. Detector contrast - ansb. Resolution The photoconductive target in a television camera pick-up tube: a. Conducts electrons across to the target b. Allows a proportional electron charge to be generated at a particular position c. Creates a video signal d. Creates an electronic current which is converted into a video image . - ansAllows a proportional electron charge to be generated at a particular position Size distortion is primarily caused by: a. Focal-film-distance (FFD) b. Geometric factors in the shape of the image intensification tube c. Minification gain d. Object-to-image distance (OID) - ansObject-to-image distance (OID) The overall luminescence of the TV image may be properly adjusted by:
  11. increasing room lighting
  12. adjusting the contrast control button on the TV monitor
  13. adjusting the brightness control button on the TV monitor - ans2 and 3 only Which of the following statements is true concerning fluoroscopic grids? a. Reduces scattered radiation produced in the image intensifier b. The typical grid ratio is 12:

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  1. Reduce radiation coming primarily from the patient - ans2 and 4 The components of the closed-circuit television system are:
  2. vidicon camera
  3. imaging intensifier
  4. camera control unit
  5. television monitor - ans1, 3 and 4 only For fluoroscopic installations, the primary barrier is considered to be the:
  6. Floor
  7. Ceiling
  8. Walls
  9. Image intensifier assembly - ans4 only The component in an image intensifier that regulates or changes the amount of magnification in the virtual image is the: a. Accelerating anode b. Electrostatic lens c. Magnifying lens d. Focusing cup . - ansElectrostatic lens Remnant, exit, or imaging forming radiation consists of:
  10. Interacting photons
  11. Non-interacting photons
  12. Small-angle scattered photons
  13. large-angle scattered photons - ans2 and 3 The mottle level of an image can be adjusted by:
  14. changing mA
  15. changing kVp
  16. changing the exposure factors
  17. increasing the number of available x-ray photons - ansAll of the above Why is it important to coordinate the video signal between the TV camera and the TV monitor? a. To amplify the video signal appropriately b. To avoid unnecessary screen lag in the television picture c. To avoid unnecessary flicker in the television picture d. So that no exposure is made between frames - ansTo avoid unnecessary flicker in the television picture How does the focal spot size of fluoroscopic x-ray tube differ from a radiographic x-ray tube? a. Often designed with a smaller focal spot b. Often designed with a larger focal spot c. No difference in focal spot size - ansOften designed with a smaller focal spot The best recorded resolution is obtained with use of: a. Video tape recording b. Spot films using conventional cassettes

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c. Spot films using a spot film camera d. Video disc recording - ansSpot films using conventional cassettes The total filtration used in fluoroscopic x-ray tubes operating above 125 kVp must be a least: a. 2.5 mm Al equivalent b. 0.5 mm Al equivalent c. 3.0 mm Al equivalent d. 1.0 mm Al equivalent - ans3.0 mm Al equivalent Fluoroscopy is defined as a radiological examination utilizing ___ for observation of the transient mage. a. phosphorescence b. luminescence c. radiation d. fluorescence - ansfluorescence The optimum source-to-skin distance is ___ for stationary fluoroscopic equipment and ___ for mobile fluoroscopy equipment. a. 30 cm, 45 cm b. 12 cm, 18 cm c. 18 cm, 12 cm d. 45 cm, 30 cm - ans45 cm, 30 cm Fluoroscopic protective curtains must be made of at least ___ equivalent material. a. 0.25 mm aluminum b. 2.5 mm lead c. 0.25 mm lead d. 2.5 mm aluminum

. - ans0.25 mm lead When referring to a lens system, a higher 'f-number' will result in less ___ being available to form an image on cine film. a. Contrast b. Quantum mottle c. Resolution d. Light - ansb. Light Two minutes of actual fluoroscopic exposure time during a UGI Fluoro study could deliver a skin entrance exposure to the patient ranging from: a. 5 - 15 rads b. Over 15 rads c. 5 - 10 rads d. 2 - 5 rads - ans5 - 15 rads Which of the following kinds of cells are the least radiosensitive? a. Lymphocytes b. Nerve cells c. Erythrocytes d. Muscle cells - ansMuscle cells

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b. X-ray beam is restricted to anatomical area of interest c. Doses are not uniformly distributed throughout the body d. All listed answers - ansAll listed answers A dose to the skin is most likely a good indicator of the: a. Dose to the underlying bone marrow b. Dose to the lens of the eyes c. Dose to the underlying gonads d. Level of dose received by organs near the point of interest - ansLevel of dose received by organs near the point of interest A protective apron with a thickness of 0.25 mm lead equivalent is the minimum required. a. True b. False - ansTrue No individual member of the public may receive ___ in any one hour in an unrestricted area?

  1. 2 rems
  2. 2 mrems
  3. 0.002 rems
  4. 200 rems - ans2 and 3 For the average fluoroscopy exam the ESE is a. 8 R/min b. 4 R/min c. 25 R/hr d. 40 R/hr - ansb. 4 R/min Which of the following kinds of cells is the most radiosensitive? a. White blood cells b. Granulocytes c. Epithelial cells d. Brain cells - ansWhite blood cells Which type of personnel monitoring devices discharges a capacitor when in the presence of ionizing radiation? a. Pocket chamber b. Film badge c. Audible warning device d. TLD - ansPocket chamber Which of the following are considered an occupational exposure? a. Dose received for a dental diagnosis b. Dose received in the course of employment c. Dose received during personal medical procedures d. All listed answers - ansDose received in the course of employment Examples of "non-stochastic" effects are: a. Non-malignant skin damage & cataracts b. Somatic effects & carcinogenesis c. Carcinogenesis & bone marrow cell depletion d. Carcinogenic & cataracts - ansNon-malignant skin damage & cataracts

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Ionizing radiation when coming in contact with cells can: a. Kill the cell b. Pass through a cell without producing any damage c. Damage the cell, but such damage could be adequately repaired d. All listed answers - ansAll listed answers What is the total annual occupational dose equivalent for a whole-body dose? a. 0.15 Sv (15 rems) b. 0.50 Sv (50 rems) c. 0.25 Sv (25 rems) d. 0.05 Sv (5 rems) - ans0.05 Sv (5 rems) Who is responsible for the radiation protection and safety of radiologic technologists? a. X-ray supervisor b. Hospital administrator c. Radiologic technologist d. Radiologist - ansa. X-ray supervisor The effects of cellular mutation by exposure to ionizing radiation can be: a. Insignificant metabolic alterations b. Minor interruption of normal function c. Severe interruption of normal function d. All listed answers - ansAll listed answers What is the primary objective in establishing dose limit values for occupational exposures? a. To prevent radiation exposures b. To identify the area where an adverse effect will occur c. To reduce occupational exposures d. To keep exposure well below a level that would cause an adverse effect to occur during the lifetime of the radiation worker - ansTo keep exposure well below a level that would cause an adverse effect to occur during the lifetime of the radiation worker As shown in animal experiments, deleterious effects to the embryo may be produced with doses of as little as ___ delivered to the embryo. a. 10 rads b. 5 rads c. 50 rads d. 30 rads - ans10 rads GSD ___ a prediction or forecast of adverse effects on any individuals or their unborn child. a. is b. is not c. can be d. None of the above - ansis not What type of personnel monitoring device is used when immediate reading is desired or needed? a. TLD b. Film badge c. Pocket chamber

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  1. Found in the periphery of the retina
  2. Ability to see dimly lit objects better - ans1 & 2 The reasonable effort that a health care provider uses to limit disclosure of patient information is referred to as: a. privacy rule b. confidentiality c. minimum necessary standard d. All listed answer choices - ansminimum necessary standard The technical factors used in conducting a fluoroscopic examination represent compromises between:
  3. HVL
  4. Speed
  5. Image quality
  6. Patient radiation dose - ans3 and 4 The minimum x-ray source-to-patient distance for mobile fluoroscopes is___. a. 12 inches b. 40 inches c. 18 inches d. 15 inches - ansa. 12 inches In order to see a dimly lit object, one should: a. Increase room illumination b. Use photopic vision c. Not look directly at the object d. Increase image brightness - ansNot look directly at the object It is important for radiographers to develop and use patient assessment skills so that they can a. meet patient needs and set priorities. b. decide what medication the patient should have. c. decide what x-ray procedures to perform. d. make an accurate diagnosis - ansmeet patient needs and set priorities. How is radiation dose rate at the input phosphor related to image brightness? a. Exponentially proportional b. Inversely proportional c. Directly proportional d. Indirectly proportional - ansDirectly proportional For fluoroscopes without ABC, how often must a qualified health/medical physicist check the kVp and mA operating parameters? a. Every 3rd year b. Weekly c. Monthly d. Yearly - ansEvery 3rd year How is the operator radiation dose to scattered radiation related to the patient radiation dose? a. Exponentially proportional b. Indirectly proportional

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c. Inversely proportional d. Directly proportional - ansDirectly proportional Normal operating fluoroscopic voltages for an average adult patient vary from: a. 70 - 120 kVp b. 80 - 120 kVp c. 70 - 110 kVp d. 50 - 110 kVp - ans80 - 120 kVp What is a minimum precaution to use relating to HIPAA regulations for electronic communication and information technology? a. Do not give your computer password out to anyone b. Physicians must ask your permission to use your computer when you are signed on c. Have lock-out software installed - ansDo not give your computer password out to anyone Under what conditions will the total patient integral dose double? a. By restricting the x-ray beam size by one-half b. By increasing the exposure area to 4 times its original size c. By increasing the exposure area by factor of 4 d. By opening the collimator to double the size of the exposure area - ansBy opening the collimator to double the size of the exposure area Which of the following is the correct term to use when specifying the operating voltage for a fluoroscopic examination? a. kilovoltage Peak (kVp) b. Kilovolts (Vs) c. Kilovoltage (kV) d. Voltage - anskilovoltage Peak (kVp) In order to keep patient exposures low, the image intensifier should be positioned: a. Not less than 12 inches from the patient b. As close as possible to the patient c. As far away as possible from the patient d. None of the above - ansAs close as possible to the patient The primary purpose of a medical record is to: a. provide a medical picture and record of the patient from birth to death b. provide a record of procedures performed for proper billing c. provide a record of all patient data including image data - ansprovide a medical picture and record of the patient from birth to death Which of the following will dramatically improve visual acuity?

  1. Image intensification
  2. High levels of image brightness
  3. Illumination of the image into the rod vision region - ans1 & 2 The total filtration of an x-ray beam includes:
  4. Added filtration
  5. Inherent filtration
  6. The x-ray tube and its housing
  7. Sheets of metal placed in the direct path of the x-ray beam - ansAll of the above

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c. Apron d. Flat contact shield - ansShaped contact shield All medical records should be stored for what length of time? a. 23 years from the date of the last entry. b. 7 years from the date of the last entry. c. 3 years from the date of the last entry. d. 10 years from the date of the last entry. - ans7 years from the date of the last entry. Gonad shielding for females: a. Is less difficult to position than for males b. Would more frequently interfere with diagnosis c. Is more important than for males, therefore should be used always d. Is not necessary since the ovaries are situated deep in the abdomen - ansWould more frequently interfere with diagnosis The exposure rate of modern fluoroscopy equipped with ABC but no "boost" position, the exposure as measured at the table top shall not exceed: a. 2.2 rads/min b. 2.5 rads/min c. 10 rads/min d. 5 rads/min - ans10 rads/min An indirect conversion flat panel detector consists of which of the following layers? a. Support layer, light transmission layer, phosphor layer b. Scintillation layer, photodetective layer, TFT layer c. Phosphor layer, silicone layer, selenium layer d. Selenium, TFT layer, glass backing layer - ansScintillation layer, photodetective layer, TFT layer A generator operating in the "pulse-progressive fluoroscopy' mode will produce usable x-ray photons during which period of time? a. duty cycle b. extinction phase c. interrogation phase - ansduty cycle A image processing technique used to reduce radiation dose rate is called? a. Last image hold (LIH) b. Temporal subtraction c. Energy subtraction d. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) - ansLast image hold (LIH) Which type of digital imaging system uses a single process to convert remnant x-ray photons to an electronic signal? a. Proportional conversion b. Inverse conversion c. Direct conversion d. Indirect conversio - ansc. Direct conversion The process of digitizing an analog signal requires dividing the signal into discrete parts using a process called?

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a. sectioning b. quantization c. sampling d. digitizing - anssampling The layer of a direct flat panel detector that converts light to an electronic signal is? a. Cesium Iodide (CsI) as a scintillator b. Selenium as a semiconductor c. Amorphous silicon as a photo detector d. None of the above - ansSelenium as a semiconductor Pixel bit depth will have a direct influence on which of the following? a. Image brightness b. Image matrix size c. Image spatial resolution d. Image scale of contrast - ansImage scale of contrast When using a ADC to digitize a video signal, the process of breaking a stream of analog information into discrete units is called? a. sampling b. quantifying c. sectioning d. qualifying - anssampling Remasking a digitally subtracted image may be required due to: a. noise artifacts b. motion artifacts c. underexposure d. All of the above - ansall of the above Which image matrix format will demonstrate the most amount of anatomic detail? a. 2048 x 2048 b. 256 x 256 c. 1024 x 1024 d. 512 x 512 - ans2048 x 2048 Flat panel detectors which use utilize Cesium Iodide and Silicon considered to be?

  1. Direct conversion
  2. Indirect conversion
  3. Scintillator system
  4. Non-scintillator system - ansIndirect conversion Digital fluoroscopic boosts what principal advantage as compared to conventional fluoroscopy? a. dynamic range b. progressive mode c. image acquisition rate d. image subtraction - ansimage subtraction Bit depth values of pixels in a matrix will influence: a. Pixel size

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a. complexity b. motion artifact c. x-ray intensity d. kVp switching - ansmotion artifact A Cesium Iodide / amorphous Silicon) flat panel detector used for digital fluoroscopy is considered to be a:

  1. indirect digital detector
  2. direct digital detector
  3. scintillator detector
  4. non-scintillator detector - ans1 and 3 The response curve of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) as used in a TV camera can be described as: a. characteristic b. H and D c. Linear d. D log - ansLinear Dynamic flat panel detectors began replacing image intensifier tubes during which time span (calendar years)? a. 1980 - 1990 b. 1990 - 2000 c. 2000's forward - ans2000's forward In an indirect-capture flat panel image receptor plate (FPIR) fluoroscopy system the light produced by incident x-ray is captured by the: a. photodiode b. thin film transistor (TFT) array c. computer d. scintillator - ansphotoiode A digital fluoroscopy with a charge coupled device has lower ____ and higher ____ than conventional fluoroscopy. a. light sensitivity, patient dose b. patient dose, light sensitivity c. signal-to-noise ratio, patient dose d. detective quantum efficiency, maintenance - anspatient dose, light sensitivity Which digital image matrix format will produce the greatest amount of spatial resolution? a. 2048 x 2048 b. 512 x 512 c. 1024 x 1024 d. 256 x 256 - ans2048 x 2048 Image detectors used for digital fluoroscopy are categorized into which major group(s)?
  5. Direct conversion
  6. Indirect conversion
  7. Direct translation
  8. Indirect translation - ans1 and 2

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A matrix of digital values represented by pixels is transformed into viewable brightness levels by a: a. digital to analog converter b. camera control unit c. CRT monitor d. analog-to-digital converter - ansdigital-to-analog converter During what time span did digital fluoroscopy begin to gain acceptance in the radiology community? a. 1980's b. 2000's c. 1970's d. 1960's - ans1980's Useable light from the output phosphor of an intensifier tube can be reflected and projected toward a:

  1. Cine camera
  2. Photospot camera
  3. Spot film camera
  4. Spot film with conventional cassette - ans1,2, Mottle present in the image will be most visible in which type of image intensification system? a. Low resolution, low contrast b. Low resolution, high contrast c. High resolution, high contrast d. High resolution, low contrast - ansc. High resolution, high contrast Remnant radiation interacts with what part of the image intensifier? a. anode b. input phosphor c. output phosphor d. photocathode - ansinput phosphor The key advantage of a dual magnification mode image intensifier versus a single mode unit is: a. Size b. Cost c. Maneuverability d. Versatility - ansVersatility What function does the output phosphor serve in an image intensifier? a. Convert x-ray photons into electrons b. Convert the energy of electrons bombarding it into visible light c. Convert the energy of x-rays bombarding it into visible light d. Focus the electrons - ansConvert the energy of electrons bombarding it into visible light How is an image intensifier system constructed to ensure the entire useful beam is intercepted when energized?
  5. Use of a c-arm

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The anode in an image intensifier tube speeds up or accelerates electrons by maintaining a potential difference of about: a. 25 kilovolts b. 25 mA c. 25 volts d. 25,000 mA - ans. 25 kilovolts The ability of the image intensifier to increase the overall illumination level of the image is called its: a. Minification gain b. Brightness gain c. Output gain d. Flux gain - ansBrightness gain The overall resolution of an imaging system is the product of the ___ of each of the component parts. a. Number of line pairs/mm b. Modulation transfer function (MTF) c. Resolution d. Frequency - ansModulation transfer function (MTF) Which of the following are types of Automatic Brightness Control (ABS) circuits?

  1. Variable mA, preset kVp
  2. Variable kVp, variable mA
  3. Variable kVp, with selected mA
  4. Variable mA, with kVp following - ansall of the above By definition, the increase in brightness or intensity due to minification gain is: a. An increase in the number of x-ray photons making up the image b. An improvement in the quality of x-ray photons making up the image c. The compression of electrons produced by the input screen onto the output phosphor d. The additional energy when accelerating the electrons - ansThe compression of electrons produced by the input screen onto the output phosphor The most essential function of the image intensifier tube is to: a. Allow dynamic imaging of the body b. Electronically amplify the brightness of an image c. Intensify the production of x-rays d. Enable the image to be viewed on a TV monitor . - ansElectronically amplify the brightness of an image Contrast ratios for modern image intensifiers typically: a. Is less than 15: b. Exceeds 10: c. Is less than 10: d. Exceeds 15:1 - ansExceeds 15: Concerning the "f-number" of an optical lens, the greater the f-number:
  5. The smaller the size of the aperture

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  1. The larger the size of the aperture
  2. The less light is available to form the image
  3. The more light is available to form the image - ans1 and 3 Which of the following terms refers to the size ratio between the input and output phosphor screens? a. Minification gain b. Brightness gain c. Output gain d. Flux gain - ansMinification gain Brightness gain can degrade as much as ___ per year due to the "aging" of the input and output screen phosphors. a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 5% - ans10% The consequence of forming an image from a curved input phosphor and a flat output phosphor is called: a. Detections efficiency b. Modulation transfer function c. Spatial efficiency d. Pincushion distortion - ansPincushion distortion The ratio of brightness between two adjacent areas of a fluoroscopic image is called?
  4. Subject contrast
  5. Detector contrast
  6. Intensifier contrast - ans2 and 3 The structure of an individual cesium-iodide (CsI) crystal will allow for better resolution because it:
  7. Minimizes light spread
  8. Increases the MTF value
  9. Allows for a thicker phosphor layer
  10. Decrease the number of line pairs per millimeter - ans1,2, The light intensity of the output phosphor is measured in units called: a. Lumens b. Candelas or cd c. Roentgens/second d. Roentgens/minute - ansCandelas or cd The relationship between object size visibility and line pairs per millimeter is ___ related. a. No relationship b. Directly c. Indirectly d. Inversely - ansInversely The brightness gain achieved by the efficiency of an output phosphor to convert electrons to light photons is referred to as: