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A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers related to fluoroscopy, a crucial imaging technique in radiology. It covers various aspects of fluoroscopy, including image intensifiers, radiation safety, equipment components, and image quality factors. The questions are designed to test the knowledge and understanding of individuals preparing for the california fluoroscopy test or other similar examinations in the field of medical imaging. The document serves as a valuable resource for students, radiologic technologists, and healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their expertise in fluoroscopy and ensure patient safety during fluoroscopic procedures. It emphasizes key concepts such as radiation protection, image optimization, and the technical aspects of fluoroscopic equipment, making it an essential tool for exam preparation and continuous professional development. This guide is tailored to help achieve a+ mastery in fluoroscopy.
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An image intensifiers photocathode causes ___ to be given off in direct proportion to the intensity of the fluorescent light: a. remnant radiation b. electrons c. x-rays d. light photons - anselectrons What fluoroscopic television system device decodes the video signal into a visible image? a. Vidicon camera b. Camera control unit c. Television monitor d. Electron gun - ansTelevision Monitor Which of the following materials are used in the construction of a fluoroscopic tabletop?
a. Whenever gonads are within the useful x-raybeam b. When shielding of gonads does not interfere with the diagnosis c. On all potentially procreative patients d. At all times - ansWhen shielding of gonads does not interfere with the diagnosis Which of the following are true concerning cine film?
c. Spot films using a spot film camera d. Video disc recording - ansSpot films using conventional cassettes The total filtration used in fluoroscopic x-ray tubes operating above 125 kVp must be a least: a. 2.5 mm Al equivalent b. 0.5 mm Al equivalent c. 3.0 mm Al equivalent d. 1.0 mm Al equivalent - ans3.0 mm Al equivalent Fluoroscopy is defined as a radiological examination utilizing ___ for observation of the transient mage. a. phosphorescence b. luminescence c. radiation d. fluorescence - ansfluorescence The optimum source-to-skin distance is ___ for stationary fluoroscopic equipment and ___ for mobile fluoroscopy equipment. a. 30 cm, 45 cm b. 12 cm, 18 cm c. 18 cm, 12 cm d. 45 cm, 30 cm - ans45 cm, 30 cm Fluoroscopic protective curtains must be made of at least ___ equivalent material. a. 0.25 mm aluminum b. 2.5 mm lead c. 0.25 mm lead d. 2.5 mm aluminum
. - ans0.25 mm lead When referring to a lens system, a higher 'f-number' will result in less ___ being available to form an image on cine film. a. Contrast b. Quantum mottle c. Resolution d. Light - ansb. Light Two minutes of actual fluoroscopic exposure time during a UGI Fluoro study could deliver a skin entrance exposure to the patient ranging from: a. 5 - 15 rads b. Over 15 rads c. 5 - 10 rads d. 2 - 5 rads - ans5 - 15 rads Which of the following kinds of cells are the least radiosensitive? a. Lymphocytes b. Nerve cells c. Erythrocytes d. Muscle cells - ansMuscle cells
b. X-ray beam is restricted to anatomical area of interest c. Doses are not uniformly distributed throughout the body d. All listed answers - ansAll listed answers A dose to the skin is most likely a good indicator of the: a. Dose to the underlying bone marrow b. Dose to the lens of the eyes c. Dose to the underlying gonads d. Level of dose received by organs near the point of interest - ansLevel of dose received by organs near the point of interest A protective apron with a thickness of 0.25 mm lead equivalent is the minimum required. a. True b. False - ansTrue No individual member of the public may receive ___ in any one hour in an unrestricted area?
Ionizing radiation when coming in contact with cells can: a. Kill the cell b. Pass through a cell without producing any damage c. Damage the cell, but such damage could be adequately repaired d. All listed answers - ansAll listed answers What is the total annual occupational dose equivalent for a whole-body dose? a. 0.15 Sv (15 rems) b. 0.50 Sv (50 rems) c. 0.25 Sv (25 rems) d. 0.05 Sv (5 rems) - ans0.05 Sv (5 rems) Who is responsible for the radiation protection and safety of radiologic technologists? a. X-ray supervisor b. Hospital administrator c. Radiologic technologist d. Radiologist - ansa. X-ray supervisor The effects of cellular mutation by exposure to ionizing radiation can be: a. Insignificant metabolic alterations b. Minor interruption of normal function c. Severe interruption of normal function d. All listed answers - ansAll listed answers What is the primary objective in establishing dose limit values for occupational exposures? a. To prevent radiation exposures b. To identify the area where an adverse effect will occur c. To reduce occupational exposures d. To keep exposure well below a level that would cause an adverse effect to occur during the lifetime of the radiation worker - ansTo keep exposure well below a level that would cause an adverse effect to occur during the lifetime of the radiation worker As shown in animal experiments, deleterious effects to the embryo may be produced with doses of as little as ___ delivered to the embryo. a. 10 rads b. 5 rads c. 50 rads d. 30 rads - ans10 rads GSD ___ a prediction or forecast of adverse effects on any individuals or their unborn child. a. is b. is not c. can be d. None of the above - ansis not What type of personnel monitoring device is used when immediate reading is desired or needed? a. TLD b. Film badge c. Pocket chamber
c. Inversely proportional d. Directly proportional - ansDirectly proportional Normal operating fluoroscopic voltages for an average adult patient vary from: a. 70 - 120 kVp b. 80 - 120 kVp c. 70 - 110 kVp d. 50 - 110 kVp - ans80 - 120 kVp What is a minimum precaution to use relating to HIPAA regulations for electronic communication and information technology? a. Do not give your computer password out to anyone b. Physicians must ask your permission to use your computer when you are signed on c. Have lock-out software installed - ansDo not give your computer password out to anyone Under what conditions will the total patient integral dose double? a. By restricting the x-ray beam size by one-half b. By increasing the exposure area to 4 times its original size c. By increasing the exposure area by factor of 4 d. By opening the collimator to double the size of the exposure area - ansBy opening the collimator to double the size of the exposure area Which of the following is the correct term to use when specifying the operating voltage for a fluoroscopic examination? a. kilovoltage Peak (kVp) b. Kilovolts (Vs) c. Kilovoltage (kV) d. Voltage - anskilovoltage Peak (kVp) In order to keep patient exposures low, the image intensifier should be positioned: a. Not less than 12 inches from the patient b. As close as possible to the patient c. As far away as possible from the patient d. None of the above - ansAs close as possible to the patient The primary purpose of a medical record is to: a. provide a medical picture and record of the patient from birth to death b. provide a record of procedures performed for proper billing c. provide a record of all patient data including image data - ansprovide a medical picture and record of the patient from birth to death Which of the following will dramatically improve visual acuity?
c. Apron d. Flat contact shield - ansShaped contact shield All medical records should be stored for what length of time? a. 23 years from the date of the last entry. b. 7 years from the date of the last entry. c. 3 years from the date of the last entry. d. 10 years from the date of the last entry. - ans7 years from the date of the last entry. Gonad shielding for females: a. Is less difficult to position than for males b. Would more frequently interfere with diagnosis c. Is more important than for males, therefore should be used always d. Is not necessary since the ovaries are situated deep in the abdomen - ansWould more frequently interfere with diagnosis The exposure rate of modern fluoroscopy equipped with ABC but no "boost" position, the exposure as measured at the table top shall not exceed: a. 2.2 rads/min b. 2.5 rads/min c. 10 rads/min d. 5 rads/min - ans10 rads/min An indirect conversion flat panel detector consists of which of the following layers? a. Support layer, light transmission layer, phosphor layer b. Scintillation layer, photodetective layer, TFT layer c. Phosphor layer, silicone layer, selenium layer d. Selenium, TFT layer, glass backing layer - ansScintillation layer, photodetective layer, TFT layer A generator operating in the "pulse-progressive fluoroscopy' mode will produce usable x-ray photons during which period of time? a. duty cycle b. extinction phase c. interrogation phase - ansduty cycle A image processing technique used to reduce radiation dose rate is called? a. Last image hold (LIH) b. Temporal subtraction c. Energy subtraction d. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) - ansLast image hold (LIH) Which type of digital imaging system uses a single process to convert remnant x-ray photons to an electronic signal? a. Proportional conversion b. Inverse conversion c. Direct conversion d. Indirect conversio - ansc. Direct conversion The process of digitizing an analog signal requires dividing the signal into discrete parts using a process called?
a. sectioning b. quantization c. sampling d. digitizing - anssampling The layer of a direct flat panel detector that converts light to an electronic signal is? a. Cesium Iodide (CsI) as a scintillator b. Selenium as a semiconductor c. Amorphous silicon as a photo detector d. None of the above - ansSelenium as a semiconductor Pixel bit depth will have a direct influence on which of the following? a. Image brightness b. Image matrix size c. Image spatial resolution d. Image scale of contrast - ansImage scale of contrast When using a ADC to digitize a video signal, the process of breaking a stream of analog information into discrete units is called? a. sampling b. quantifying c. sectioning d. qualifying - anssampling Remasking a digitally subtracted image may be required due to: a. noise artifacts b. motion artifacts c. underexposure d. All of the above - ansall of the above Which image matrix format will demonstrate the most amount of anatomic detail? a. 2048 x 2048 b. 256 x 256 c. 1024 x 1024 d. 512 x 512 - ans2048 x 2048 Flat panel detectors which use utilize Cesium Iodide and Silicon considered to be?
a. complexity b. motion artifact c. x-ray intensity d. kVp switching - ansmotion artifact A Cesium Iodide / amorphous Silicon) flat panel detector used for digital fluoroscopy is considered to be a:
A matrix of digital values represented by pixels is transformed into viewable brightness levels by a: a. digital to analog converter b. camera control unit c. CRT monitor d. analog-to-digital converter - ansdigital-to-analog converter During what time span did digital fluoroscopy begin to gain acceptance in the radiology community? a. 1980's b. 2000's c. 1970's d. 1960's - ans1980's Useable light from the output phosphor of an intensifier tube can be reflected and projected toward a:
The anode in an image intensifier tube speeds up or accelerates electrons by maintaining a potential difference of about: a. 25 kilovolts b. 25 mA c. 25 volts d. 25,000 mA - ans. 25 kilovolts The ability of the image intensifier to increase the overall illumination level of the image is called its: a. Minification gain b. Brightness gain c. Output gain d. Flux gain - ansBrightness gain The overall resolution of an imaging system is the product of the ___ of each of the component parts. a. Number of line pairs/mm b. Modulation transfer function (MTF) c. Resolution d. Frequency - ansModulation transfer function (MTF) Which of the following are types of Automatic Brightness Control (ABS) circuits?