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US HISTORY EOC REVIEW GUIDEUS HISTORY EOC REVIEW GUIDE
Typology: Exams
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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STANDARD 1 (Colonial & Early National America)
STANDARD 2 (Westward Movement & Sectionalism)
STANDARD 3 (The Civil War & Reconstruction)
STANDARD 4 (Industrialization, Urbanization & Progressivism)
Guides for 4.2 – 4.4 PENDING 4.5 (Immigration & Urbanization) PowerPoint 4.6 (Progressive Reform)
USHC 1.1 Summarize the distinct characteristics of each colonial region in the settlement and development of British North America, including religious, social, political, and economic differences.
Motives for Colonization:
Contrasting the Colonial Regions
Religion Society Politics Economy
New England
Mid- Atlantic Not^ Assessed
Southern
Religion in the Colonies
New England
John Winthrop (MA) City on a
The “Religious Freedom” Myth
Although the Puritans fled England to escape religious persecution, but they turned around and persecuted dissenters in their own communities.
Exiled Dissenters:
The Colonial Economy
The Triangular Trade
Colonies:
Europe:
Africa:
The Acts governed colonial trade, but were not strictly enforced – a policy known as salutary neglect.
Mid-Atlantic Pennsylvania William Penn
Maryland Lord Baltimore
The , or “Great Charter,” was signed by King John in 1215. The Magna Carta limited the power of the English monarch and recognized the rights of individuals in the following ways:
Taxation The king cannot tax unless he gets approval from the people’s representatives
Trial by The of Everyone obeys the law – even the king.
USHC 1.2 Analyze the early development of representative government and political rights in the American colonies, including the influence of the British political system and the rule of law as written in the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, and the conflict between the colonial legislatures and the British Parliament over the right to tax that resulted in the American Revolutionary War.
Constitutional Government = Government
The early American colonists brought traditions of constitutional government with them to the New World. Two English documents embody these traditions:
English monarchs had to get the approval of for all taxes. Parliament was a representative body made up of nobles, bishops, and landowners.
In the 1600s, the Stuart kings clashed with Parliament, leading to the English Civil
War and the “ Revolution” of 1688.
William and Mary signed the English of , which established the following principle:
Parliament > King
USHC 1.3 Analyze the impact of the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution on establishing the ideals of a democratic republic.
April 1775 January 1776 July 1776
Thomas Paine Declaration^ of^ Independence (FINALLY)
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
W hen in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life , Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations , all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
John (Influencer)
Locke’s ideas of limited government are present throughout the declaration.
Two Audiences: Internal: External:
, and the of The purpose of government is to secure these rights.
Right of Revolution
THE TARGET:
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic insurrections [slave rebellions] amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
DOMESTIC POLICY FOREIGN POLICY
AN INFLUENTIAL DOCUMENT
The Declaration of Independence has influenced other Declarations of Rights in the U.S. and around the World, including the French Declaration of the Rights of Man , the Texas Declaration of Independence, the Seneca Falls Declaration (Women’s Rights), and the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence (written by communists – oh, the irony!).
Ratification The Constitution had to be ratified by conventions in of the thirteen
states in order to take effect.
The Federalist [Papers]
Moderate Antifederalists agreed
to support the Constitution if a of
was added.
USHC 1.5 Explain how the fundamental principle of limited government is protected by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, including democracy, republicanism, federalism, the separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and individual rights.
Principles of the Constitution
Federalism – power is divided between the government and
the governments.
Delegated Powers Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers
Ordered Government Rebellion (1786)
Representative Government (Republicanism)
Separation of Powers
Branch Branch Branch
Checks and Balances
In addition to separation of powers, the Framers proposed a system of checks and balances in order to make sure that the members of one branch of government did not become too powerful or corrupt.
USHC 1.6 Analyze the development of the two-party system during the presidency of George Washington, including controversies over domestic and foreign policies and the regional interests of the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.
Washington’s First Cabinet
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of War Attorney General
Secretary of State
Henry Knox (MA) Edmund Randolph (VA)
The First Two-Party System
FEDERALISTS
(Jeffersonian) REPUBLICANS
Leaders
Federalism
Constitution
Economy
National Bank
Protective Tariff
Federal Assumption of State War Debts
Supporters
Washington’s Farewell Address: 1.
The Adams Administration
WHO?
WHAT?
The “ ” of 1800
USHC 2.1 Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.
The Louisiana Purchase
The War of 1812
Madison’s War Message
Indian Removal
(Jackson had spent much of his military career fighting Indians.)
KEY TERRITORIAL ACQUISITIONS
1803
1845
1846
1848
USHC 2.2 Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United States’ relationships with foreign powers, including the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution and the Mexican War.
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
U.S. to Europe:
NO NEW
Manifest Destiny Sea to Shining Sea…
Texas and the Mexican War (1835-1848)
Texas, a Mexican state, attracted many American colonists from the Southern United States. In 1835, after disputes with the Mexican government about dictatorship and slavery, Texas declared independence.
AMERICA WINS BIG!!!
US gets land from Mexico
States included:
USHC 3.1 Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America.
Events Leading to the Civil War
° ′
1828-1833 Crisis
1831 publishedPresident
William Lloyd
1836 Texas
1845 Texas
1846-1848 War
Abolitionism Free Soil
Geographic Base: Geographic Base:
Compromise of 1850
The Great Compromiser
Monroe
J.Q. Adams
Jackson
Van Buren
Tyler
Polk
Taylor Fillmore
The Crisis of the 1850s
1830s 1850s
Popular Sovereignty (Stephen Douglas)
Party Founded PLATFORM:
Notable abolitionist involved:
Sen. Charles Sumner, “The Crime Against Kansas”
Pierce
Buchanan
Lincoln
The Emancipation Proclamation
EFFECTIVE DATE: ,
Which slaves were freed by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation?
How many slaves were freed on January 1, 1863?
What value did it have, then?
By what authority did Lincoln free these slaves?
Lincoln defined the proclamation as a “necessary measure.”
Why didn’t Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation sooner?
Lincoln and the Civil War
Lincoln’s primary goal in fighting the Civil War was to
the. To this goal, he added the emancipation of slaves as it became clear that the war would be a long and bitter conflict.
USHC 3.3 Analyze the effects of Reconstruction on the southern states and on the role of the federal government, including the impact of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments on opportunities for African Americans.
Reconstruction
By what process will the Southern states be brought back into the Union?
“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds… to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations. “ -- Abraham Lincoln (Second Inaugural Address)
Presidential Reconstruction
Freedmen’s Bureau :
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
Radical Republicans divided the South (except for Tennessee, which ratified the th^ Amendment
voluntarily) into five districts. Radical Republicans believed that the
defeated South should be treated like “ provinces.”
President Johnson vetoed Reconstruction Acts that were passed by the Radical Republicans in 1867, but
his vetoes were overridden by a / vote of Congress. The Radical Republicans ed
President Johnson over disagreements about Reconstruction plans. Johnson avoided being removed
from office by vote.
Reconstruction Amendments
Presidential Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction 13
th Amendment (1865) 14
th Amendment (1868) 15
th Amendment (1870)
USHC 3.4 Summarize the end of Reconstruction, including the role of anti–African American factions and competing national interests in undermining support for Reconstruction; the impact of the removal of federal protection for freedmen; and the impact of Jim Crow laws and voter restrictions on African American rights in the post-Reconstruction era.
The committed acts of violence and intimidation against “carpetbaggers,” “scalawags,” and freedmen.
Compromise of 1877:
Jim Crow -
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): , but
