Understanding Values: Types, Sources, and Cultural Significance, Lecture notes of Ethics

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What are Values?

Core of personality.

Strong force affecting

behaviour.

Judgemental in nature.

Content and Intensity

Attributes.

Dynamic, not static.

Relatively Stable and

Enduring.

Separate Hierarchy of

values forming various

value systems.

Classification of Values

According to Edward Spranger, there are six types of values:  Theoretical  Economic  Aesthetic  Social  Political  Religious

According to Rokeach, depending on nature, values can be of two types:  Terminal  Instrumental

Breathe in Love

Spread Love Get Love

Hands in Society



Hands in Society

◦Live WITH others

◦Live FOR others

Live WITH

others

Live FOR

others

Head in forest

Selfles sness Live in calm and peace with Selflessness.

Key Values rooted deep in Indian Culture and Society The individual must be respected Cooperation and trust Jealousy is harmful for mental health Purification of mind

Top quality product or service Work is worship Containment of greed Ethico-moral soundness Self-discipline and Self-Restraint Customer Satisfaction Creativity Inspiration to give

Culture

 (^) Crosby defines culture as patterns of behaviour, which suggests some sort of naturally accruing patterns of structure and repeatability.  (^) Juran defines culture as the creation of values, beliefs and behaviour necessary for success, which suggests culture is an entity man creates to meet the needs of the group at the time according to a large body of knowledge.  (^) Hofstede observed culture is the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one group pr category of people from those of another.

Characteristics of Culture Learnt

Shared Continuous – passes from 1 generation to next Symbolic – use one thing to represent another Integrated – inter related, inter dependent, change in leads to change in

another

Adaptive – adaptability, creative, innovation, imagination Regular – use of common language, terminology and accepted form of

behaviour

Norms – distinctive standards of behaviour Dominant Values – advocated and accepted Philosophy – policies concerning beliefs & standards of performance,

attitude, behaviour, conduct

Rules – formal and informal

Determinants of Culture

Values in Indian Culture and Management  Basic fact of life ◦Naturally and instinctively desire to be happy ◦Overcome suffering  Yet we undergo painful experiences. Why?  Perceiving and relating to others