Communication Channels: Formal and Informal Flows in Organizations, Lecture notes of Communication

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• (^) BY- DR PARUL SINGH
• (^) LECTURE ON PROFESSIONAL

COMMUNICATION

• (^) 5th lecture.

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

Q. Explain various flows or channels of

Communication.

The Flows or Channels of

Communication: Channels of Communication

Formal (Official)

• Downward

Communication

• Upward

Communication

• Horizontal or

lateral

communication

(Peer)

• Diagonal or Cross

-wise Communication

Informal

(Unofficial

grapevine)

• Tea time

gossips

• Casual

gatherings

• Lunch time

meetings

Informal Channels of Communication are

also known as Grapevine and these may be

helpful in :

Formal Channels of

communication:

There are four formal

channels of communication as

following:

a) Downward Communication

b) Upward Communication

c) Horizontal or lateral

communication (Peer Group)

d) Diagonal or Cross-wise

Communication

Communication

from decision

makers to

workers

Communication

from

employees

to management

Communication

among workers

at the same

level

Communication

flows in all

directions

Seniors to

Subordinate

employees

Subordinate

employees to

Seniors

Seniors to

Seniors

Employees to

Employees

No protocol

Downward

Channel

Upward

Channels

Horizont

al

Channel

Diagonal

or

Cross-

wise

b) Upward

Communication:

This type of communication refers to-

 Communication from subordinates to

superiors.

 Communication from employees to

management.

 Communication from workers to

decision makers.

Examples of Upward Communication:

A business report from the branch manager of

a company to the managing director of the

Company is an example of upward

communication.

 Business proposals

 Suggestion box

 Exit interviews

 Grievance redressal committees and so

c) Horizontal or Lateral or Peer Group

Communication:

It takes place between professional peer

groups or people working on the same level

of

hierarchy.

It is the communication among workers at

the same level.

The main objectives of horizontal

communication are -

• Developing teamwork and Promoting

group coordination within an organization.

Informal discussions

• (^) Management gossip

• (^) Telephone calls

• (^) Teleconferencing