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VET 2563 - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS II
Study Guide (100% Guaranteed Pass)
Recall the proper order of layer application for a Mason meta-splint. 2 strips of anchoring tape strips 3 Three layers of cast padding Put splint on 2 layers of kling Reflect the tape onto the gauze layer Apply a protective layer of VetWrap Identify the venipuncture sites in the dog and cat, including the vein of choice for each of these species. Jugular Vein: Large vein on each side of the patient's neck - the preferred vein for sampling Cephalic Vein: Peripheral vein on the upper side of a patient's front leg - preferred vein for catheter placement Lateral Saphenous Vein: Peripheral vein on the outer rear leg of the dog. Medial Saphenous Vein / Femoral vein: Peripheral vein on the inner rear leg of the cat. Give at least 6 indications for placing a urinary catheter in a dog or cat. Long surgery (hip surgery) Remove blockage Urinary blockage (struvite) Pneumocystogram Urinalysis
Atonic bladder Zoonotic disease closed system is needed Why are survey radiographs done prior to starting the GI series? To see if there is any need for a study To verify radiography technique Concentration of Telazol Con 100mg/ml Two reasons why an animal under gas anesthesia should receive one assisted ventilation per minute to prevent atelectasis and Hypoxia What is the maintenance oxygen flow rate for the non-rebreathing (semi-open), Modified Jackson system? Tital volume x RR x 1.5- 2 What is the induction oxygen flow rate for the partial rebreathing (semi-closed) system? 3 L/min List the monitoring parameters for the anesthetized patient, including the locations for testing of reflexes and palpation of pulses. Help determine depth of anesthesia
parallel technique film is placed directly behind and parallel to long axis of tooth bisecting angle angle half way between plate and tooth root superimposition teeth overlap on film elongation makes tooth appear too long because angle is too acute foreshortening makes tooth appear too short because angle is too obtuse use of the dental scaler to remove plaque left behind after using ultrasonic scaler. use of dental polisher removes residual debris and smooth surface use of dental explorer
used to determine enamel defects on tooth surface use of dental curette remove subgingival plaque, tartar, necrotic tissue, and debris. use of periodontal probe used to determine gingival sulcus depth Resorptive disease or resorptive lesions Disease that causes and enamel defect usually found first at the CEJ in cats. This is a very painful disease resulting in enamel loss and eventual crown loss. Enamel Hypoplasia Enamel defect that is caused by the destruction of the cells that lay down enamel. It is usually caused by high fever and commonly seen in dogs that have had canine distemper virus as puppies. Crown Fracture/ Pulp Exposure An acquired enamel defect that leaves a very rough surface and pulp exposure. It is known as a slab fracture of 108 or 208. Plaque thin, soft amorphous accumulation of bacteria, food particles, cellular debris and salivary glycoproteins on the tooth surface
Give a reason why an adequate water spray is vital with ultrasonic scaling? To keep scaler tip and tooth cool When using the lateral edge of an ultrasonic scaler tip on a tooth surface, which "direction" should the toe face? towards marginal gingiva What is the instrument, used to clean supragingivally that has sharp cutting edges, a pointed toe and a pointed back? Sickle scaler What is the instrument, used to clean subgingivally, that has sharp cutting edges, a rounded toe and a rounded back? Curette What is the instrument used to determine enamel defects and residual tartar? Dental explorer What is the instrument used to determine gingival sulcus depth? periodontal probe What is the normal gingival sulcus depth of the dog and cat? Dog_1-3 mm_ Cat_0-1 mm_
What is the purpose of sulcular lavage? To clear out all the polish from the mouth List two clinical benefits for including a parasympatholytic (anticholinergic) such as atropine in a pre- anesthetic plan. Prevents bradycardia and Reduces secretions List two side effects of Acepromazeine Splenic congestion, peripheral vasodilation, lowers body temp What is the main side effect of propofol? Respiratory Depression Telazol is a combination of what two drugs? Tiletamine and Zolazepam Why are injectable barbiturates only administer IV? can cause tissue sloughing and necrosis if injected perivascular How many mg / ml is a 2.5% solution? 25 mg/ml just move decimal one place to the right
What is the most accurate method of determining the width and length of an endotracheal tube for a patient? Width: palpate trachea Length: measure from the lips to no farther then thoracic inlet What is the minimum heart rate for an anesthetic patient? Dog 60 bpm Cat 100 bpm What is the minimum number of assisted ventilations delivered to an apneic patient? 4 RPM What will be the vaporizer setting for Isoflurane for induction (plane 1 to plane 2)? 3% What is the common vaporizer setting (not the range) for Isoflurane for maintenance? 2% Measurement with the caliper is taken where for an abdominal radiograph? Caudal to the 13th Rib
The primary beam is centered where for an abdominal radiograph? Caudal to the 13th Rib Which lateral view is preferred in abdominal radiography? Right so gas falls into fundus and kidneys are separated During which phase of respiration is the abdominal radiograph taken? Exhalation The primary beam is centered where for a thoracic radiograph? over heart Measurement with the caliper is taken where for a thoracic radiograph? caudal edge of the scapula List two ways of locating the position of the heart from the outside of the body: Palpate for Caudal Edge of Scapula Feel Primary Intensity of Heartbeat Which view is always taken when the animal is in respiratory distress (dyspneic)? Dorsoventral
The ideal time and temperature for development is? 68 degrees F for 5 minutes The developing solution is changed when? When solution changes from yellow to brown or green The fixer is changed when? Clearing time exceeds two minutes. The time the film is left in the fixing solution is? Twice the developing time The proper length of time of the final rinse step is? 20 - 30 minutes Identify and Describe Periodontal disease stages, their causes and means of diagnosis Stage One Marginal Gingivitis Edge of gingiva appears inflamed Stage Two Moderate Gingivitis Inflammation of the gingiva with edema which causes the margins to swell and roll
Stage Three Severe Gingivitis Increasing edema with color change from red to purple, gingiva rolling, no loss of epithelial attachment Stage Four Moderate Periodontitis Severe Inflammation with deep pockets, beginning to loss epithelial attachment and bone loss with slight increase in tooth moving Stage Five Severe Periodontitis Advanced loss of epithelial attachment and alveolar bone with increase in tooth moving or loss What are the indications for performing GI studies? suspected esophageal ulcers or wounds megaesophagus radiolucent foreign bodies persistent right aortic arch Define minute ventilation the total volume of gas entering the lungs per minute respiratory rate times tidal volume How to calculate the appropriate rebreathing bag size 25 ml/lb
What benefit does Total and Partial rebreathing system offer? They conserve body heat What percent of isoflurane is vaporizer set at for induction of gas anesthesia in a dog or cat? 3% 4% with cat box or mask What percent of isoflurane is vaporizer set at for maintenance of gas anesthesia in a dog or cat? 2% What percent of sevoflurane is vaporizer set at for induction of gas anesthesia in a dog or cat? 5 - 7 % What percent of sevoflurane is vaporizer set at for maintenance of gas anesthesia in a dog or cat? 2 - 3% Define MAC and how it affects the percentages. Max Alveolar Concentration: the concentration of the vapor in the lungs that is needed to prevent movement (motor response) in 50% of subjects in response to surgical (pain) stimulus A lower MAC value represents a more potent volatile anesthetic A high MAC equals low potency
Expected induction and recovery characteristics of isoflurane Rapid induction, Rapid recovery, Good muscle relaxer- poor analgesia, Depresses body temp. Mild hypotension, Respiratory depression is greater than halothane, Expected induction and recovery characteristics of sevoflurane Species safe, quick! Good muscle relaxation,- Profound respiratory depression, rapid changes in blood pressure. Reacts with co2 absorbant, Hypotension Which Right heart valve is heard on left side? Pulmonic Calculate a heart rate in Run 25 number of QRS complexes in 3 sec (15 big boxes) times 20 gives you bpm Calculate a heart rate in Run 50 number of QRS complexes in 3 sec (30 big boxes) times 20 gives you bpm
pros of using telazol Pros- Analgesia Calaleptoid(Hypnotic/trans like) cons of using telazol Cons- ↑Secretions (Give Atropine 0.01-0.02mg/lb IM) Kidney failure Pancreatitis Cardiac/Resp dysfunction Eyes opened Pupils dilated (Ointment needed) Calculate maintenance IV fluids for a dog or cat when under anesthesia. 5 - 10 ml / lb. / hour (small animal) Characteristics of propofol Short acting hypnotic, Causes unconsciousness, Significant Muscle Relaxation, IV injection only, Lipophilic, Highly protein bound, Rapid / Smooth / Excitement free Induction / Recovery, Rapid metabolism by the LIVER (faster than thiopental), Excreted by the Kidney
COMMONLY USED IN SIGHTHOUNDS,
Little to NO analgesia how long does a single wrapped muslin pack stay sterile? one week in closed cabinet 2 days in open cabinet how long does a single wrapped crepe paper pack stay sterile? over 8 weeks in closed cabinet 3 weeks in open cabinet how long does a polyethylene heat-sealed paper or plastic pouch packs stay sterile? Over a year What are your borders for an abdominal radiograph? cranial: diaphragm caudal: pelvis dorsal: dorsal spinal processes ventral: ventral body wall What are your borders for an thoracic radiograph? cranial: thoracic inlet caudal: diaphragm dorsal: dorsal spinal processes
