Download Anatomy & Physiology: Understanding Body Fluids and Electrolytes and more Quizzes Veterinary medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
Anatomy & Physiology What the body is made
up of
60% water80% neonatal60% is intracellular fluid TBW toltal body weight40% is intracellular fluid body weight TERM 2
Extra cellular fluid
(ECF)
DEFINITION 2 distributed between interstitial & intravascular or plasm TERM 3
Total Body Weight (TBW)
DEFINITION 3 distributed in several compartments within the body 60% is found within the cells and is call intracellular fluid. TERM 4
Anatomy & Physiology Measuring solutes
Solute concentration=
DEFINITION 4 weight of solute/ 100ml solution (0.9% sodium chloride has 0.9 g per 100ml TERM 5
Anatomy & Physiology Measuring solutes
Milliequivalent per L fluid-
DEFINITION 5 describes tendency of particle to combine with another particle is defined as 1:1000 an equivalent.
Anatomy & Physiology Osmotic pressure &
tonicity of fluids
Body fluid compartments are separated by cell membranes semipermeable -allows passage of water & some solutes Diffusion solutes move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. TERM 7
Osmosis-
DEFINITION 7 Movement of water across cell membrane TERM 8
Osmotic pressure-
DEFINITION 8 ability of particles to attract water TERM 9
Osmolality-
DEFINITION 9 is determination of osmotic pressure of solution on basis of relative number of solute particles in 1kg solution Another way to measure also measure of osmotic pressure of a solution that is based on number of solute particles in solution; refers to number of particles per liter of solvent rather than per kg of solvent TERM 10
Sodium &
glucose-
DEFINITION 10 most effect osmoless is commercial fluids
Dehydration-
lose more fluid than taken in - need fluids TERM 17
Rout of water lost:
DEFINITION 17 urine, fecal water, sweat (horses), respiration (dogs) TERM 18
Principles of fluid therapy History-
DEFINITION 18 route & extent of fluid loss TERM 19
Principles of fluid therapy PE-
DEFINITION 19 info about extent of fluid lost TERM 20
Principles of fluid therapy Skin turgor
test-
DEFINITION 20 (increase or decrease fat can alter), dry mm, increase HR, eak thread pul, reduced jugular distention & reduced capillary refill time look for % of body weight lost via fluid lossat least 8% dehydrated
Principles of fluid therapy 3 values needed-
hydration deficit, maintenance requirement, & contemporary losses TERM 22
Hydration deficit-
DEFINITION 22 amount of fluid that must be replaced to bring animal back to normal hydration% times kg times 1000=____ml TERM 23
Maintenance-
DEFINITION 23 reference values used or rule of thumb: 60 ml/kg/day for small dogs & 40 ml/kg/day for large dogs60times kg=____ml TERM 24
Principles of fluid therapy routes of
administration:
DEFINITION 24 IV,SQ, oral, IP, & IO TERM 25
Crystalloid solutions
DEFINITION 25 solutions that contain electrolytes and nonelectolyte substances capable of passing through cell membranes and therefore entering all body fluid compartments.
Hypetonic solutions
Clinical use:tx shock associated with trauma, endotoxemia, burns, pancreatitis, & major surgical procedures.Adverse effects: phlebitis, tissues irritaiton, rehemorrhage in traumatic shock, electrolyte imbalance, & when given too fast-hypotension, bronchoconstriction, & bradycardia TERM 32
Fluid additives Sodium bicarbonate-
DEFINITION 32 Clinical use: tx metabolic acidosis & adjunctive therapy for tx hypercalcemia or hyperkalemia- look by casus of metabolic acidosisAdverse effects: metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypernatremia. TERM 33
Fluid additives Potassium-
DEFINITION 33 Clinical use: tx or prevent hypokalemia (due to anorexia, diuresis, or diarrhea)Adverse effect: hyperkalemia-muscle wekness & cardia conduction disturbances TERM 34
Fluid additives Calcium supplementation-
DEFINITION 34 Clinical use: tx hypocalcemia ( due to parathyroid gland disorder, milk fever, eclampsia, & excessive seating)Adverse effects: hypercalcemia- hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, & cardiac arrest. TERM 35
50% dextrose
DEFINITION 35 stock solution to be added to other fluids to provide desired percent solution.Clinical use: Caloric supplementation in small animals ( from hypoglycemia because of fever, sepsis, insulin overdose, insulinoma, liver dz, & others) & tx ketosis in ruminantsAdverse effects: few if given correctly
Parenteral vitamin mineral products
clinical use: large animal medicine- white muscle disease, tying up poly neuritis, pinkeye, reproductive problems, braken fern poisoning, & polioencephalomacia TERM 37
B complex
DEFINITION 37 Clinical use: replace or supplement deficiencyadverse effects: allergic rxn, painful at site TERM 38
Thiamine hydrochloride ( Vitamin B1)
DEFINITION 38 acts as coenzyme for carbohydrate metabolismclinical use: deficiency & aid in tx of lead poisoning in cattleadverse effects: hypersensitivity rxn & painful at injection TERM 39
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
DEFINITION 39 thought to act as coenzyme to protein synthesisclinical use: deficiencyadverse effects: allergic rxn TERM 40
Vitamin A
DEFINITION 40 clinical signs of deficiency:poor growth, poor reproductive performance, susceptibility to infectious disease, & poor vision in dim lightClinical use: prevention of deficiencyadverse effects: uncommonDosage: vitamine A-D
