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Woodcock Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities ✔✔A detailed analysis of cognitive abilities. When was the Woodcock Johnson Test first developed? ✔✔1977, revised in 1989, 2001, and 2014 Project Head Start ✔✔1975 established to help children in low-income households realize their potential Public Laws 92-924 & 93- 644 ✔✔Established to the Head Start programs which requires that children with disabilities make up at least 10% of Head Start enrollment Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act ✔✔was passed in 1973 to promote participation in and ensure equal access to federally funded programs for individuals with disabilities.Protects those who do not qualify under IDEA, such as those with learning difficulties. How is one eligible for a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under Section 504? ✔✔Child must have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Education for the Handicapped or EHA) ✔✔Public Law 94- 142, 1975. All children with disabilities must be given an education. The education must be provided in the least restrictive environment and be individualized, free, and appropriate for the child. Procedural protections require due process. EHA Amendments (Public Law 99-457) ✔✔1986, Extended special education to children with disabilities who are 3 to 5 years of age. Services to infants and toddlers were provided at states discretion. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ✔✔1990, ADA covers the accessibility of public buildings, transportation, and communication to people with disabilities. ADA DOES NOT address obligations to provide educational services.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ✔✔1990, IDEA. Expanded the foundations established in Public Laws 94 - 142 and 99 - 457 which was Education for the Handicapped Act 6 Principals Under IDEA ✔✔1. No student can be excluded from public education because of a disability.
- Procedural due process protections ensure student and parent rights
- Parents are encouraged to participate in their child's education
- Assessment must be fair and unbiased
- Students must receive a free and appropriate pubic education in the least restrictive environment
- Confidentially must be maintained 1997 Re-authorization of the IDEA ✔✔Reauthorized IDEA ensured that children with disabilities had greater access to the general education curriculum. It also expanded opportunities for family members, teachers, and other professionals to work collaboratively. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) ✔✔2001, Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and emphasized the following:
- Accountability for results
- Emphasis on what works in scientific research
- Expanded parental options
- Expanded local control and flexibility Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) ✔✔2004, better aligned IDEA and NCLB, appropriately identifying students needing special education, providing freedom to exercise reasonable discipline while protecting students with special needs, identifying parameters for "highly qualified teachers", reducing paperwork, and fostering more cooperation in order to reduce litigation. Age for those receiving an individualized family service plan ✔✔Birth to age 3 When does IDEA require the IFSP be developed? ✔✔Promptly following assessment. Though with parental permission services may begin before an IFSP is written.
Hyperopic ✔✔Farsighted, convex (+) lens which makes light converge faster Concave ✔✔- myopic Convex ✔✔+ hyperopic OD + 2.50 - 1.25x155 add 5.0 ✔✔Right eye, + is hyperoptic, followed by astigmatism and location. Add is for bifocals Presbyopia ✔✔a condition in which the lens of the eye loses its ability to focus, making it difficult to see objects up close. Congenital ✔✔Before or at time of birth Adventitious ✔✔After birth Congenital Cataracts ✔✔Clouding of the lens, mostly bilateral, but not to the same degree. If congenital would mean cataracts are present before or at time of birth Authority that gives free books to the blind ✔✔Library of Congress Authority in charge of Braille ✔✔Braille Authority of North America (BANA) MAVIS ✔✔Mathematics Accessible to Visually Impaired Students SAVI ✔✔Science Activities for the Visually Impaired Brailled F at end of a word means ✔✔Self
Braille letters without one word contractions ✔✔a, i, o Charge syndrome ✔✔Refers to those with a specific pattern of birth defects. Deafblindness, C for Coloboma, H for Heart Defects (mild to severe). A for Atresia Choanae (blocking the airways in back of throat), R for Retardation, G for Genital Hypoplasia, E for Ear Abnormalities (short wide little, or with no earlobe) hearing loss mild to deaf Coloboma ✔✔Gap or cleft in part of the structure of the eye, small to large usually in the eyelid, iris, lens, choroids, or optic disc. Myopic or hyperopic, mild or severe depending on location. Bardet-Biedl syndrome ✔✔rare, genetic multisystem disorder characterized primarily by deterioration of the cells that receive light stimuli (cone and rod cells), in the retina of the eyes (progressive cone-rod dystrophy), an extra finger near the pinky or an extra toe near the fifth toe. May lead to complete blindness Macula ✔✔Part of the eye responsible for detailed central vision USHER Syndrome ✔✔Characterized by hearing loss or deafness and progressive vision loss. Loss of vision is caused by Retinitis Pigmentosa. Night vision goes first, followed by blind spots that develop in peripheral vision, over time blind spots create tunnel vision. 3 types of ushers syndrome, effects balance. A family would need additional support for a child with USHER's syndrome because ✔✔Deaf supports would be necessary Controversy behind sighted guide ✔✔hurts child's sensory awareness, makes them fearful when they walk alone Open fraction indicator ✔✔backwards P (dots 1,4,5,6) Importance of getting intervention services with strabismus ✔✔Early intervention can prevent progression to amblyopia through patching and strengthening the weaker eye
Adduction ✔✔Eyes move nasally Abduction ✔✔Eyes move temporally Cones ✔✔Color and Clarity Rods ✔✔Night and low-light vision AFB ✔✔American Foundation for the Blind NFB ✔✔National Federation for the Blind APH ✔✔American Printing House CEC ✔✔Council for Exceptional Children CEC - DVIDB ✔✔Council for Exceptional Children - Division on Visual Impairments and Deafblindness AER ✔✔Association for Education and Rehabilitation LEA ✔✔Local Education Agency Diplopia ✔✔Double vision Nystagmus ✔✔Vertical or horizontal movement of the eye Anophthalmia ✔✔Absence of the eyes (aNOphthalmia)
Glaucoma Educational Implications ✔✔Trouble adjusting to dark rooms, focusing, squinting or excessive blinking, pain, dark spots in central vision, watery/dry eyes Strabismus ✔✔Misalignment of the eyes. Tropias or Phorias, absent or reduced depth perception. Tropic- ✔✔Eye turning usually there Phoric- ✔✔Eye turning comes and goes, has a tendency
