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Vocational Counseling and Career Theory: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Advanced Education

Alaska Vocational Technical Center (AVTEC)Advanced Education

An overview of vocational counseling, including the history of the field, key concepts, and various theories that inform career choice. Topics covered include the steps in job counseling, influential career theorists such as frank parsons and john holland, and different career theories like social learning and cognitive theories. The document also discusses holland's typology and its significance in career counseling.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 03/19/2024

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Vocational Quiz 1 And Answers 2024
Who is the father of vocational counseling? - Answer>>Frank Parsons
What are the steps in job counseling? - Answer>>1) Understand yourself, aptittude, abilities,
and resources
2) know the requirements for getting the job you want--Career goal
3) know about the pluses and minuses of your career choice
how often do workers change jobs in the US? - Answer>>every 4.6 years
career theory - Answer>>a set of concepts that suggest what is true about vocational behavior
What are the four categories of theories? - Answer>>I. Trait Oriented
II. social Learning and Cognitive
III. Developmental
IV. Person-environment
Trait oriented theories - Answer>>Trait factor
John Holland's Typology
Holland's is the most recognized career theorist
Trait Factor Theory - Answer>>Matching the individuals traits with the requirements of the job
developed by Frank Parsons
most durable of all career counseling theories
What are traits? - Answer>>characteristics about yourself that are fairly permanent over the life
span (as opposed to states)
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Vocational Quiz 1 And Answers 2024

Who is the father of vocational counseling? - Answer>>Frank Parsons What are the steps in job counseling? - Answer>>1) Understand yourself, aptittude, abilities, and resources

  1. know the requirements for getting the job you want--Career goal
  2. know about the pluses and minuses of your career choice how often do workers change jobs in the US? - Answer>>every 4.6 years career theory - Answer>>a set of concepts that suggest what is true about vocational behavior What are the four categories of theories? - Answer>>I. Trait Oriented II. social Learning and Cognitive III. Developmental IV. Person-environment Trait oriented theories - Answer>>Trait factor John Holland's Typology Holland's is the most recognized career theorist Trait Factor Theory - Answer>>Matching the individuals traits with the requirements of the job developed by Frank Parsons most durable of all career counseling theories What are traits? - Answer>>characteristics about yourself that are fairly permanent over the life span (as opposed to states)

-eg. math aptitude, interest in history, sociability, introversion, etc John holland : A typology approach - Answer>>Career choice is an expression/extension of personality into the world of work. Individuals search for environments that will elt them exercise their skills and abilities, express their attitudes and values, and take on agreeable problems and roles. There are six kinds of occupational environments and six matching personal orientations. -Inds are products of their environment -stability of career choice depends on dominance of personal orientation -inds who fit a pure personality type will express little resemblance to other types -clts who have many occupational goals have low identity -congruence occurs when clts personality type matches the corresponding work envion. What are Holland's six themes in his typology? - Answer>>RIASEC

  1. Realistic
  2. Investigative
  3. Artistic
  4. Social
  5. Enterprising
  6. Conventional
  7. Realistic - Answer>>May lack social skills; prefers concrete vs abstract work tasks; may seem frank, materialistic, and inflexible; usually has mechanical abilities --> skilled trades such as plumber, electrician, tech skills like airplane mechanic, photographer
  8. Investigative - Answer>>Very task oriented; is interested in math and science; may be described as independent, analytical, and intellectual; may be reserved and defers leadership to others --> scientitic such as chemist, physicist, and mathmatacian; technician such as lab tech, comp programmer, etc

Krumboltz' Learning Approach Theory (Soc L and Cog) - Answer>>Each individual's unique learning experiences over the the lifespan develop primary influences that lead to career choice. Dev. involves genetic endowments and special abilities, environ'l conditions and events, learning experiences, and task approach skills. -Learning experiences should increase the range of occupations in career counseling. -Assessment is to be used to create new learning experiences. -Clients need to prepare for changing work tasks. -Career decision making is a learned skill. -Clts need to be empowered as active participants in career search. -Mitchel and Krumboltz Person-Environment Correspondence counseling - Answer>>Individuals bring requirements to a work environment, and the work environ makes its requirements of individuals. To survive, the ind and work environment must achieve some degree of congruence -clt abilities (work skills) and values (work needs) are criteria used for selecting work environments. -work requirements determine reinforcers available by occupation -knowledge of clts who are more achievement (satisfactoriness) or self-fufilled (satisfaction) oriented enhances career choice Happenstance theory (part of Krumboltz' learning theory) - Answer>>Chance events in one's life impact what we do for employment -availability, who you know -not likely you can prepare students for a specific scenario, but you can emp gen'l work ethic and attitude which will enhance employability at most jobs cognitive information processing (CIP)

(social learning and cog) - Answer>>Two overarching assumptions facilitating the growth of information processing skills and enhancing the clients ability to solve problems and make career decisions -career problem solving is a primarily a cognitive process. -info processing can be improved through learning -effective info processing skills can empower individuals to determine their own destiny -making career choices is a problem-solving activity Life Span, Life space approach--donald Super (developmental theory) - Answer>>Career dev is multidimensional. there are dev tasks throughout the lifespan. vocational maturity is acquired through successfully accomplishing dev tasks within a continuous series of life stages. individuals implement their self-concepts into careers that will provide the most efficient means of self-expressions. success in one life role facilitates success in another. -career dev occurs in stages throughout life -self-conept is shaped through life exp -clts are involved in many roles, all of which affect eachother *Career maturity: attitudes and competencies that are related to career growth -one of the most comprehensive career theories Career construction (Person-environment Perspective, PEP) - Answer>>-focuses attn on contextual interactions over the life span. one's career dev is constructed as individuals influence and are influenced within environmental systems. clts are viewed as products of their environment. -focuses on helping ppl with dev tasks over the lifespan. -helps ppl construct and manage their careers. -one goal is to help ind's increase their realism in making career choices and transitions (eg you don't like blood, probs not going to be a dr. then) What are the most prevalent mental health disorders? - Answer>>-anxiety

  1. consideration toward others
  2. your values What are psychological barriers to employment? - Answer>>1. Depression
  3. Anxiety
  4. Personality Disorders
  5. drugs What are the important career counseling models? (not the theories) - Answer>>1. Person/environment Fit (PEF)
  6. Developmental
  7. Learning theory
  8. cognitive information processing model (IPM) PEF Person Environment Fit - Answer>>objective: to find congruence between person and work environment major goal: enhancement of self knowledge physically, psychologically, intellectually, background (ed and training) What are the stages of PEF? - Answer>>1. Intake Interview
  9. Id developmental variables (gender, minority status, perception of self and environ)
  10. Assessment (abilities, values, interests, skills)
  11. Id and solve problems (affective status. self-knowledge needs, level of info processing skills)
  12. Generate PEF Analysis (cognitive schema, criteria on which to base choice, optimal prediction)
  13. Confirm, Explore and Decide (counselor and clt confirm analysis, clt explores potential work environs and makes decision)
  14. Follow-up (evaluate process, recycle if necessary)

Learning Model - Answer>>Client (with your help) LEARNS about self, workplaces and careers What are the stages of learning Model? - Answer>>1. Interview

  1. Assessment
  2. Generate activities
  3. Collect Information
  4. Share info and estimate consequences
  5. Reevaluate, decide tentatively, or recycle
  6. Job Search Strategies Developmental Model - Answer>>overarching goals are the problem identification and developing intervention strategies to overcome them. It also stresses the necessity of discovering each clt's uniqueness of development What are the stages of the development model? - Answer>>1. Establishing client individuality
  7. Id and select strategies
  8. teaching and aiding implementation
  9. verifying goal achievement (review effectiveness of learning strategies or revise) What is the difference between schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders? - Answer>>SchizoiD is a being Detached from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression while schizotypal is acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior