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VSEPR Theory - Molecular Shapes, Lecture notes of Chemistry

Glendale Community CollegeChemistry

there are describes of vsepr theory in feneric formula, domain, pictures, bonded atom, molecular shape and electron geometry.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/31/2022

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VSEPR Theory (Molecular Shapes)
A = the central atom, X = an atom bonded to A, E = a lone pair on A
Note: There are lone pairs on X or other atoms, but we don't care. We are interested in only the electron densities or domains around atom A.
Total
Domains
Generic
Formula
Picture Bonded
Atoms
Lone
Pairs
Molecular
Shape
Electron
Geometry
Example Hybridi
-zation
Bond
Angles
1 AX
1 0 Linear Linear H2 s 180
AX2
2 0 Linear Linear CO2 2
AXE
1 1 Linear Linear CN-
sp
180
AX3
3 0 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar AlBr3
AX2E
2 1 Bent Trigonal planar SnCl2
3
AXE2
1 2 Linear Trigonal planar O2
sp2
120
AX4
4 0 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral SiCl4
AX3E
3 1 Trigonal pyramid Tetrahedral PH3
AX2E2
2 2 Bent Tetrahedral SeBr2
4
AXE3
1 3 Linear Tetrahedral Cl2
sp3
109.5
pf2

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VSEPR Theory (Molecular Shapes)

A = the central atom, X = an atom bonded to A, E = a lone pair on A

Note: There are lone pairs on X or other atoms, but we don't care. We are interested in only the electron densities or domains around atom A.

Total

Domains

Generic

Formula

Picture Bonded

Atoms

Lone

Pairs

Molecular

Shape

Electron

Geometry

Example Hybridi

-zation

Bond

Angles

1 AX 1 0 Linear Linear H 2 s 180 2 AX 2 2 0 Linear Linear CO 2 AXE 1 1 Linear Linear CN- sp 180 AX 3 3 0 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar AlBr 3 AX 2 E 2 1 Bent Trigonal planar SnCl 2

AXE 2 1 2 Linear Trigonal planar O 2 sp^2 AX 4 4 0 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral SiCl 4 AX 3 E 3 1 Trigonal pyramid Tetrahedral PH 3 AX 2 E 2 2 2 Bent Tetrahedral SeBr 2

AXE 3 1 3 Linear Tetrahedral Cl 2 sp^3 109.

Total

Domains

Generic

Formula

Picture Bonded

Atoms

Lone

Pairs

Molecular

Shape

Electron

Geometry

Example Hybridi

-zation

Bond

Angles

AX 5 5 0 Trigonal bipyramid Trigonal bipyramid AsF 5 AX 4 E 4 1 See Saw Trigonal bipyramid SeH 4 AX 3 E 2 3 2 T shape Trigonal bipyramid ICl 3

AX 2 E 3 2 3 Linear Trigonal bipyramid BrF 2 - sp^3 d

and 120 AX 6 6 0 Octahedral Octahedral SeCl 6 AX 5 E 5 1 Square pyramid Octahedral IF 5

AX 4 E 2 4 2 Square planar Octahedral XeF 4 sp^3 d^2 Notes 1. There are no stable AXE 4 , AX 3 E 3 , AX 2 E 4 or AXE 5 molecules.

  1. All bonds are represented in this table as a line whether the bond is single, double, or triple.
  2. Any atom bonded to the center atom counts as one domain, even if it is bonded by a double or triple bond. Count atoms and lone pairs to determine the number of domains, do not count bonds.
  3. The number of bonded atoms plus lone pairs always adds up to the total number of domains.