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Marketing Strategies and Environment Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Marketing

An in-depth exploration of marketing strategies and environment analysis. Topics include customer needs, marketing mix elements, corporate and marketing strategy, scanning the marketing environment, and marketing research. Learn about the 4 p's of marketing, mission statements, business portfolio analysis, swot analysis, and more.

Typology: Exams

2014/2015

Uploaded on 10/01/2015

shorner0913
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Fundamentals of Marketing
Exam 1 – Fall 2015
The following are the key topic areas to be included on this exam. Please note that this list is not
exhaustive, but is a good reference to start your preparation for the exam. In addition to closely
studying the lecture notes, you should reread the textbook chapters, paying close attention to the
concepts covered in class. You should also review the assigned readings
Chapter 1: Creating Customer Relationships and Value Through Marketing
Definition of Marketing
Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating,
communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing
customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its
stakeholders.
Customer Need vs. Want
Target Market
A specific group of potential consumers
Marketing Mix Elements (Price, Product, Promotion, Place)
What are the two tasks of marketing?
Discovering and satisfying needs
What are the 4 P’s of marketing?
Product, Price, Promotion, Place
Product – Goods, Services, Ideas
Price – Money, bartering, cognitive resources (Ikea), relationship
costs
Promotion – Advertising, Guerilla Marketing (not attached to a
specific product, but gets people to buy a certain product), Public
relations (ALS), product placement
Place – retail, QVC, Pop ups, Vending machines, internet
Chapter 2: Corporate and Marketing Strategy
Mission Statements
Identifies customers, markets, products, technologies
Should be clear, concise, meaningful, inspirational, long-term
Corporate culture
Set of shared values, ideas, and attitudes that is learned and shared
amongst members of the organization
Organizational Levels
Corporate Business Unit Stategy Functional Strategy
Corporate – Defined by core values and mission statement
Strategy moves down, information moves up
Business Unit – responsible for each part of the business (product
category)
Goal setting
Measurable, specific time period, consistent, prioritized
Difference between tactic and strategy
Strategy – specific plan of action designed to accomplish an objective
Tactics – Logistics necessary to execute strategy
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Fundamentals of Marketing Exam 1 – Fall 2015

The following are the key topic areas to be included on this exam. Please note that this list is not exhaustive, but is a good reference to start your preparation for the exam. In addition to closely studying the lecture notes, you should reread the textbook chapters, paying close attention to the concepts covered in class. You should also review the assigned readings

Chapter 1: Creating Customer Relationships and Value Through Marketing

  • Definition of Marketing
    • Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.
  • (^) Customer Need vs. Want
  • Target Market
    • A specific group of potential consumers
  • Marketing Mix Elements (Price, Product, Promotion, Place)
  • What are the two tasks of marketing?
    • Discovering and satisfying needs
  • What are the 4 P’s of marketing?
    • Product, Price, Promotion, Place ■ Product – Goods, Services, Ideas ■ Price – Money, bartering, cognitive resources (Ikea), relationship costs ■ Promotion – Advertising, Guerilla Marketing (not attached to a specific product, but gets people to buy a certain product), Public relations (ALS), product placement ■ Place – retail, QVC, Pop ups, Vending machines, internet

Chapter 2: Corporate and Marketing Strategy

  • Mission Statements
    • Identifies customers, markets, products, technologies
    • Should be clear, concise, meaningful, inspirational, long-term
  • (^) Corporate culture
    • Set of shared values, ideas, and attitudes that is learned and shared amongst members of the organization
  • Organizational Levels
    • Corporate Business Unit Stategy Functional Strategy ■ Corporate – Defined by core values and mission statement ■ Strategy moves down, information moves up
    • Business Unit – responsible for each part of the business (product category)
  • Goal setting
    • (^) Measurable, specific time period, consistent, prioritized
  • Difference between tactic and strategy
    • Strategy – specific plan of action designed to accomplish an objective
    • Tactics – Logistics necessary to execute strategy
  • Business Portfolio Analysis: BCG Model
    • Studies a firm’s business units as a collection of separate investments
    • Star – Market leader, Fast growing, require investments
    • Cash Cow – Profitable products, slow growth, Generate more cash than needed for share maintenance, use cash from here to invest in stars
    • Dog – Cost disadvantage, sell -? – Rapid market growth, poor profit margins, enormous demand for cash
    • Build – Invest in? to turn them into stars ■ Invest in stars just enough to ensure continued growth
    • Hold ■ Invest just enough in cash cows to maintain share
    • Harvest ■ Pull money from cash cows short term to invest in other parts
    • Divest ■ Sell dogs
  • Diversification Analysis
    • Helps firms look for growth ops
    • Current Products + New products X Current Markets + New Markets
  • SWOT Analysis
    • Build on strengths, Correct weaknesses (internal)
    • Exploit opportunities, Avoid disasters (external)
  • Setting Strategic Directions
    • Planning Phase ■ Situational Analysis, Goal Setting, Marketing program
    • Marketing Plan ■ Implementation Phase
    • Results ■ Control Phase

Chapter 3: Scanning the Marketing Environment

  • The 5 Forces (Social, Economic, Technological, Competitive, Regulatory)
  • Social Factors (Demographic and Culture)
    • (^) Deomographic – Age, gender, ethnicity, income, occupation
    • Culture (psychographics) – values, ideas, and attitudes learned and shared amongst a group
    • Marketers tend to target demographics because its easier and more efficient
  • What is environmental scanning and why is it important for marketers?
    • The process of continually acquiring information on events occurring outside the organization to identify and interpret potential trends
    • Importance – The success of a marketing organization depends on its ability to adapt to its environment ■ (^) Helps reduce uncertainty
  • What’s the difference between a fad and a trend?
    • Fad – Short term phenomenon, all about the products
    • Trend – Last an average of 10+ years, drives consumers to buy products

■ Situational influences

  • Purchase task – reason for purchasing
  • social surroundings – Other people around
  • , physical surroundings – how everything is around you
  • (^) temporal effects – time of the day, time available
  • antecedent states – The mood set prior to contact with offering or place of business - Also could be amount of cash on hand
  • Cognitive resources – how much thinking do you have to do to make decision.
  • Psychological influences ■ Maslow’s Hierarchy – 5 levels, higher up is better, basic needs at bottom, Status symbols (self concept) at the top
  • Physiological needs, Safety needs, social needs, personal needs, self-actualization needs
  • Firms try to harness the power of persuasion to guide consumer choice by controlling internal and external factors
  • Subliminal perception ■ Read in the book about it ■ Difference between subliminal and unconscious
  • Subliminal – participant is unaware of seeing stimuli
  • Unconscious – participant is aware of seeing the stimuli but unaware of its effect on behavior
  • Sociocultural Influences
  • (^) Membership group – individual is a part of
  • Aspiration group – group individual wants to be in
  • Dissociative group – group an individual wants to distance themselves from

Chapter 8: Marketing Research

  • What is marketing research and why do we do it?
    • The process of defining a marketing problem and opportunity, systematically collecting and analyzing information, and recommending actions.
    • (^) Research seeks to improve marketing decisions and actions
  • Marketing Research Process
    • Problem definition ■ Sets the research objective ■ Identify marketing actions - Measure of success – criteria used to evaluate proposed solutions
    • Developing the research plan ■ Set constraints (time and money) ■ Identify data and how to sample ■ (^) Probability – Sample reflects probable customers ■ Non probability – sample is random and probably won’t reflect customer base ■ Determine how to collect data
  • Concepts – ideas about products
    • Probability – Sample reflects probable customers
    • Non probability – sample is random and probably won’t reflect customer base
  • (^) Methods – approaches to data collection
    • Asking questions – get subjects thoughts, but sometimes people lie
    • Observing – see real time decisions, but don’t get to know subject’s thoughts
    • Statistical inference
  • Collect information ■ Primary – Relevant to questions, current, but could be expensive and long ■ Secondary – a lot of information, cheaper, potentially easier to obtain, but not exactly relevant to your objective and maybe out of date
  • Internal – data has already been collected by organization
  • External – information you have to go find outside organization ■ Qualitative vs quantitative
  • Qualitative (interview, Questionnaire data, surveys, test marketing) – potentially prone to biased interpretation, but can reveal important insights that quantitative can’t
  • Quantitative - looking purely at numbers ■ (^) Observational – consumers can’t always predict their own responses or behaviors (say vs do) ■ Questions – scales should go left to right, put demographic questions last to avoid stereotype threat. ■ Common mistakes
  • Leading question (puts bias in response),
  • ambiguous question (difficult to measure scale),
  • unanswerable question (irrelevant or immaterial),
  • Two questions in one,
  • Non-exhaustive question (your option might not exist [house or dorm but you live in an apartment],
  • nonmutually exclusive answers ( 10-20,20-30) ■ Demand effect – a truthful answer might present a conflict of interest. (match.com survey asking women if they are gold diggers) ■ Panel – series of measurements ■ Experiment – manipulating factors under tightly controlled condtions (independent variable - cause, dependent variable – result)
  • Analyze and present findings
  • (^) Take marketing actions ■ Make specific and actionable recommendations ■ Implement the action recommendations ■ Evaluate the results of the decision and the decision process used

■ Mass customization

  • Perceptual Map
  • Product Positioning
    • Position product in a way that it appeals to the chosen segment
    • (^) Company must decide how to position new product in relation to other products
    • The place an offering occupies in consumers’ minds on important attributes relative to competing products
    • 2 approaches ■ Head to head – competing directly with competitors on similar product attributes ■ Differentiation – Seeking a less competitive or different market niche - Needs a unique attribute
    • (^) Celebrity endorsements