Chapter 15: Wars of Religion and Clash of World Views
Terms
Catherine De Medicis: Was a regent ruler in France for her son Charles IX during the French
Wars of Religion (1555-1598) . She was very Machiavellian, in which the end justified the
means. Therefore, Catherine De Medicis arranged a marriage between Henry of Navarre
(moderate) and Marguerite De Valois. Charles IX died and Henry IV( Henry of Navarre)
enacted the Edit of Nantes in 1598.
Edit of Nantes (1598): Henry the IV( Henry of Navarre) enacted the Edit of Nantes (1598)
which granted the Huguenots ( French Calvinists who were Anti- Catholics) religious toleration,
which led to the end of the Wars of religion( 1555-1598).
Politiques: Henry IV( Henry of Navarre) Fallowed advice of those moderate Calvinists and
Catholics who urged him to give priority to the development of a durable state. They believed
that religious disputes could be resolved only in the peace provided by strong government.
Michel de Montaigne (533-1592)- " All that is certain, Is that nothing is Certain".
Phillip II: A catholic ruler in Spain had control of the Hapsburg Lands, Netherlands, and all
Spanish colonies in the New World. He was married to Mary Tutor ( Mary I of England), but
this produced no heir, therefore he married Elisabeth De Valois (sister of Charles IX and Henry
III). The money from the new world brought riches however; he would face defeat against
Calvinist Rebels who wanted to establish a Dutch Republic.
Leopanto: a great sea battle of the Greek Coast led to the control of the Spain control of the
Mediterranean however did not hold for long due to the revolt of the moracins.
Elizabeth I: succeeded her sister Mary Tudor as Queen Of England. She was a Protestant who
helped with the Dutch Revolts and wrote the Thirty Nine Articles of religion, Her greatest
challenges are Phillip II, Calvinists, and The Puritans.
Puritans: strict Calvinists who opposed all vestiges of Catholic ritual in The Church of England,
and Elizabeth did not take their demands for drastic change.
The Peace Of Westphalia ( 1648): Named after a German Provence this where negotiations
were held. France and Sweden gained most out of this. France acquired Alsace and replaced
Spain as the Dominant power in Europe. Sweden obtained serval northern territory. The
Habsburgs got the least and the Dutch Republic gained their independence. This settled
distribution of the major religions. Catholic remained in the South, Lutheranism in the North,
and Calvinism in the Catholicism in the Rhine River.
Raison d'état: "Reason of State" Cardinal Richelieu: Prime Minister
Heliocentrism: A sun centered universe.
Secularization: religion became public rather than public.
