Chapter 27
Archaea is closer to eukaryotes than prokaryotes
Animals digest mostly cellulose
Bacteria Flagella consist of flagellin-the structure is completely different than
eukaryote flagella. Bacteria flagella rotates eukaryotic flagella beat like
oars
Genetic Recombination: includes:
Transformation: the genotype of a prokaryote cell are altered by the
uptake of foreign DNA from its surroundings;
Conjugation: another similar bacteria with a straw like structure
connects to exchange plasmid; genetic material is transferred between
2 bacterial cells that are temporarily joined (sex cells)
Transduction: another entity transfers the plasmid to the bacteria; a
type of horizontal gene transfer bacteriophages carry bacterial genes
from one host cell to another
Ways Bacteria differ from Eukaryote:
DNA of prokaryote is not organized within a membrane enclosed
nucleus; instead as a nucleoid region
Prokaryotes lack cytoplasmic organelles. Some do have plasma
membrane infoldings
Prokaryotes lack a cytoskeleton and thus do not have cell plate and
tend to divide from the outside-in and do not divide by mitosis, but by
fission
