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Week 8 Final Exam (timed and single access)
Overall Grade (highest attempt): 96 / 100 - 96 %
Question 1 2/2 points
Pyroclastic flows are more associated with__________.
ocean hot spots shield volcanoes flood basalts cinder cones Question 2 2/2 points
In the rock cycle, what processes directly link igneous
rocks to metamorphic rocks?
compaction and cementation melting and crystallization deposition and lithification weathering and erosion Question 3 2/2 points
The primary basis for classifying detrital (clastic) rocks is_______,
whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ____ _.
rock type ; rounding sorting ; density particle shape ; trace elements crystalline structure ; sorting Question 4 2/2 points
The Precambrian Era is the time before abundant multicellular life
with hard parts evolved. This time interval represents what
percentage of earth's history?
stratovolcanoes particle size ; mineral composition recrystallization by high heat and pressure
Question 8 2/2 points
James Hutton's statement that "the present is the key to the
past" (uniformitarianism) is demonstrated by _ _.
the fact that our human ancestors hunted dinosaurs for millennia the volcano that erupted last year on August 15 will occur every 10 years on that date the Earth's landscapes are fixed and have not changed gravity being a recent phenomenon and not changing metamorphic rocks in the past Question 9 2/2 points
Applying the principles of relative age-dating to the diagram,
which of the following is TRUE.
Explanation of the diagram:
"A" represents an unconformity (erosional
surface), "B" is a basaltic dike,
"C" is a shale formation,
"D" is a sandstone
formation, "E" is a limestone
formation, "F" represents a
thrust fault.
ancient sedimentary rocks formed by similar processes as are observed today
D is YOUNGER than C
C
Question 12 2/2 points
Where is the top of the asthenosphere closest to the earth's surface?
Underneath a collision zone Next to a subduction zone In the center of continental plates (craton) Underneath a transform fault Question 13 2/2 points
The number one factor causing landslides is (are) ___.
earthquakes freeze-thaw cycles volcanic eruptions glaciation Question 14 2/2 points
What evidence did Alfred Wegener use for his
hypothesis of continental drift?
earthquake patterns and GPS measurements paleomagnetic patterns on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge trenches and subduction zones mid-oceanic ridges and the age marine rocks Question 15 2/2 points
Scientific conclusions are based on _________ _.
polling of experts public consensus subjective evidence and ancient books only quantitative data Question 16 2/2 points
Folds like anticlines and synclines are most associated with __ _.
Underneath a mid-ocean ridge precipitation similar rocks and fossils on distant continents objective evidence and experiments Tectonic compression
Transform Question 21 2/2 points
When going from a magnitude 5 to a magnitude 6 earthquake
on the Richter magnitude scale, what is the increase in seismic
wave amplitude?
Question 22 2/2 points
Refer to the image of a meandering stream shown here. At which
site along the stream would stream erosion be the most active?
D and B A and C B and C C and D
A and E
Question 23 2/2 points
Which of the following is the most significant natural cause of
climate change in the last 2 million years?
Photosynthesis Burning of fossil fuels Solar flares Volcanic eruptions Question 24 2/2 points
A coarse-grained (phaneritic texture) igneous rock formed
_ _ __ _.
by immense direct pressure and heat on the surface of the earth in an explosive eruption on the surface of the earth in a quiet (effusive) eruption due to erosion, frost wedging, and weathering Question 25 2/2 points
What information is needed to determine the distance
from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic receiving
station?
The difference between the amplitude of the seismic waves The amplitude of the seismic waves on a seismogram The magnitude of the earthquake The transverse nature of the s-wave Question 26 2/2 points
Where do we generally find the most quantity of explosive
volcanic eruptions?
Divergent plate boundary Mid-oceanic ridges Milankovitch cycles The time interval between the P and S waves deep under the surface of the earth Subduction zone boundary
Question 27 2/2 points
Which mineral property is essentially a measure of how tight the
atoms are packed together?
Color Magnetism Luster Streak Question 28 2/2 points
Which is always the next step in the rock cycle after cooling magma?
Weathering Heat and pressure Deposition Erosion Question 29 2/2 points
Which is the process that CREATES sediments from previously formed
rocks?
Erosion Cementation Deposition Compaction Question 30 2/2 points
When comparing the protolith to the metamorphic rock that was
formed after metamorphism, the chemical composition of the
protolith is usually __ _ ___ when compared to the
metamorphic rock.
lower in carbonate higher in carbonate lower in silica higher in silica Hardness Crystallization Weathering about the same
Question 31 2/2 points
Which step in the rock cycle always has to be directly
before sedimentary rocks in order for them to form?
Melting Heat and pressure Crystallization Cooling Question 32 2/2 points
As a subduction zone closes, destroys, and puts an end to an
ocean basin, which plate tectonic boundary is likely to develop at
the location of a former subduction zone?
Hot spot Continental rift Mid-ocean ridge Transform fault Question 33 2/2 points
Which type of magma produces slow-moving lava flows,
explosive eruptions, steep-sided volcanoes, and typically
granitic rocks?
High pressure Shallow-forming High temperature Deep-forming Question 34 2/2 points
As a continental rift continues to open wider and wider, which
plate tectonic boundary is likely to develop at that location?
Subduction zone Transform fault Continental collision Continental Collision Deposition High silica Hot spot Mid-ocean ridge
Protolith and temperature Pressure and cooling history Speed of heating and protolith Fluid composition and protolith Question 40 2/2 points
At subduction zones, magma is generated by__________________,
while most other environments (e.g. hot spots, divergent)
produce magma by____________.
decompression melting ; adding volatiles decompression melting ; adding volatiles compression melting ; decompression melting adding volatiles ; compression melting Question 41 2/2 points
Which fossil fuel is typically composed of higher alkanes such
as methane?
swamp gas oil coal Question 42 2/2 points
Hydrothermal processes are most likely involved in the
formation of which set of resources?
coal and petroleum zinc, lithium, and tantalum. zinc, salt, and gold Question 43 0/2 points
Oil, gas, and coal are fossil fuels that provide over 90% of our
energy needs in the United States. What makes these resources
different from others such as nickel, iron, salt, or gypsum?
Temperature and pressure of formation adding volatiles ; decompression melting natural gas zinc, gold, and chromite They are more scarce than any other resource.
They take millions of years to form.
Mesozoic Proterozoic Paleozoic Question 49 2/2 points
What was the definitive event that killed the dinosaurs?
Volcanic eruptions in India Cold and glaciers in Gondwana Lowering sea level worldwide Question 50 2/2 points
What important evolutionary advance did NOT occur in the Paleozoic?
First trees First shells First jaws Meteorite impact in Mexico First mammals
