Download Wildland Fire Behavior and Safety Exam Answers and more Exams Safety and Fire Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!
WILDLAND FIRE EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
2024 | ALL 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST UPDATE
Historically, firefighter fatalities have occurred during a ______-frontal environmental where winds are strong and shifting and the atmosphere is unstable. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Pre An approaching cold front can quickly change the fire environment by producing: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Strong and shifting winds Thunderstorm downdraft wind velocities will often be _____ to _____ mph and can reach as high as ______ mph. ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ ---25 to 35 mph high as 75 Air masses behind a cold front tend to be __________ than the air mass ahead of the cold front ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------More stable True or False: If a fire grows large enough, a pyro-cumulus cloud may continue to grow and can develop into a type of thunderstorm cloud. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------True What is the term for precipitation falling out of a cloud, but evaporating before reaching the ground? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Virga
In addition to changes in temperature, RH, and atmospheric stability, the approaching cold front typically results in: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Strong and shifting winds What is a primary concern of thunderstorms? ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------Downdrafts Winds associated with a ____________ are typically gusty and erratic ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------None of the above The direction of movement of a thunderstorm cloud can be determined by what? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------The direction the anvil shaped top is pointing What type of cloud forms during unstable conditions where smoke moisture condenses to form a cumulus cloud? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Pyro-cumulus ________ is when the components of fuel, weather, and topography interact and align to create optimal conditions for extreme fire behavior. -----
- CORRECT ANSWER---------------Alignment Which is the most dynamic of the three main components contributing to wildfire behavior? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Weather
How much water do backpack pumps typically carry? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------5 gallons What is the first thing to check for if your backpack pump stops flowing water? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Water in the tank Which tool combines an axe and an adze (grubbing end)? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Pulaski Things done before the arrival of the fire front to decrease the probability of the structure's ignition defines: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Structure prep LCES will be followed at all times during both wildland and Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) fires. Components of LCES include all of the following, EXCEP ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Evacuation orders True or false: An anchor point is a barrier to fire spread from which to start a fire attack. Using an anchor point prevents the fire from being able to flank you. Common anchor points include roadways and the "black". ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------True Advantages of a direct attack include: ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- Minimizes area burned, keeping fires smaller compared to other tactics Relatively safe, because firefighters are able to quickly escape into the burned area, if necessary Both A. and B.
When flame lengths are consistently over 7 feet, or rates of spread are too high to make a direct attack, consider ___ ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Indirect attack ______ is done to remove fuels between the fire and the control line. It can also be used to widen control lines or create safety zones. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Burning out The three primary methods of fire attack for wildfire suppression are: ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Direct, Indirect, and Flanking/Parallel Direct, mobile attacks with a Brush Truck usually take one of three forms. These include: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Flanking attack Tandem attack Pincer attack All of the above When engaged in a "holding" operation, consider using ___________ wildland hose for access to the rear of the structure. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- 1 - 1/2 inch Where do you find the list of the Standard Firefighting Orders and the Watch Out Situations? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------On the back cover of the guide
The entire outer edge or boundary of a fire is defined as __________. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Fire perimeter What is a unit of measure popular in fire management, equal to 66 feet? ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------A chain A long, narrow extension of a fire projecting from the main body is a __________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Finger What part of the fire is the most rapidly spreading portion of a fire's perimeter, usually to the leeward or upslope? ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------Head What term describes a spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flame? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Fire whirl What term describes a fire burning without presence of flame or direct flame and barely spreading? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Smoldering What are the three methods of heat transfer? ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -----------Convection, Conduction, and Radiation What are the three elements of the fire triangle? ------CORRECT ANSWER- --------------Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat
Which fuel type is the primary carrier of fire once ignition has occurred? ---- --CORRECT ANSWER---------------Surface fuels Houses, vehicles, and trash are examples of what fuel type? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Artificial What fuel type consists of dead leaves, needles, and twigs on the forest floor? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Timber litter The terms describing vertical fuel arrangement, from highest orientation to lowest, are: ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Aerial fuels, ladder fuels, surface fuels, ground fuels What is the single most important factor in determining how well a fuel will ignite and burn? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Moisture content What fuel is the primary carrier of fire the Central Texas area? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Grass ______________ fuels are distributed continuously over an area and in contact with each other. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Uniform
_______ is the lowest temperature to which air can be cooled by evaporating water. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Wet bulb temperature How does cloud cover affect the fire environment? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cloud cover affects temperature and relative humidity by reflecting incoming sunlight during the day During the day, cloud cover keeps temperature cooler and RH higher At night, cloud cover keeps temperatures warmer and RH lower (clouds act as a blanket at night) All of the above True or False: Generally, warmer temperatures and lower RH values are found in the lower elevations and cooler temperatures and higher RH values are found at higher elevations. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
- True True or False: North and northwest slopes are the most critical in terms of start and spread of wildland fires. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- False Aside from rapid uphill spread, another concern with steep slopes is the possibility of burning material __________ and ___________. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------rolling down the hill and igniting fuel below the main fire
Fires starting in steep, narrow canyons can easily spread to fuels on the opposite side due to ____________ and ___________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Radiant heat and spotting True or False: Topographic influences on wildland fire behavior are much more difficult to predict than influences of fuel and weather. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------False A fire at the 0-5% slope range is primarily influenced by ___________ and ______________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------wind and fuel arrangement Wind blowing through a _____________ or ______________ can increase in speed as it passes through the constricted area and spreads out on the downwind side. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Chute or saddle What is aspect? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cardinal direction toward which a slope faces A small ridge which extends finger - lie from a main ridge is called a _____________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Spur ridge A(n) _____________ is a layer of very stable air that severely limits the upward movement of air. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Inversion
________ developed clouds are made up of water and ice and indicate unstable atmospheric conditions. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- Vertically What is a visible collection of moisture suspended in the atmosphere? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------A cloud Once a fire ignites, _____________ aids combustion by increasing the supply of oxygen. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Atmospheric stability Clouds are mainly classified by ________ ------CORRECT ANSWER--------- ------Height A(n) ___________ atmosphere suppresses fire behavior. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Stable True or False: Sea Breezes typically occur during the evening and overnight hours. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------False Which of the following are Unstable Atmospheric Indicators? ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Towering cumulus clouds Gusty winds Fire whirls All of the above
A thunderstorm cloud is also known as a ____________ cloud. ------ CORRECT ANSWER---------------Cumulonimbus How big does the Safety Circle need to be for a Type I Helicopter? How about for the Touchdown Pad? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------110' 30x30 clear level Regarding Safety Zones, what is the Separation Distance (firefighter to flames) when the flame height is 20'? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- 80' Which of the following is NOT one of the five major common denominators of fire behavior on fatal and near-fatal fires? ------CORRECT ANSWER------ ---------In relatively heavy fuels such as slash imber Which of the following is NOT one of the four main questions to be asked and answered at an After Action Review (AAR)? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------who fault was it? Which of the following should not be taken inside your fire shelter and should be discarded well away from the deployment site? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Fusees What size area should be cleared to mineral soil to deploy your fire shelter on, if time allows? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------4x
