PROTEINS: WILLIAMS' BASIC
NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY -
CHAPTER 4 BASIC TEST WITH ALL
SOLUTIONS
indispensable amino acids - correct answers-the nine amino acids that must be
obtained from the diet because the body does not make adequate amounts to
support body needs
dispensable amino acids - correct answers-the five amino acids that the body can
synthesize from other amino acids that are supplied through the diet and thus do not
have to be consumed on a daily basis
conditionally indispensable amino acids - correct answers-the six amino acids that
are normally considered dispensable amino acids because the body can make them;
however, under certain circumstances (e.g., illness), the body cannot make them in
high enough quantities, and they become indispensable (cannot do without) in the
diet
catabolism - correct answers-the metabolic process of breaking down large
substances to yield smaller building blocks
anabolism - correct answers-the metabolic process of building large substances from
smaller parts; the opposite of catabolism
deamination - correct answers-the removal of the nitrogen-containing part (amino
group) from an amino acid
osmotic pressure - correct answers-the pressure that is produced as a result of
osmosis across a semipermeable membrane
proenzyme - correct answers-an inactive precursor (i.e., a forerunner substance from
which another substance is made) that is converted to the active enzyme by the
action of an
acid, another enzyme, or other means
zymogen - correct answers-an inactive enzyme precursor
pepsin - correct answers-the main gastric enzyme specific for proteins; pepsin
begins breaking large protein molecules into shorter chain polypeptides, and it is
activated by gastric hydrochloric acid
rennin - correct answers-the milk-curdling enzyme of the gastric juice of human
infants and young animals (e.g., calves); rennin should not be confused with renin,
