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Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review | Turf & Landscape | All Questions and Verified, Exams of Public Health

Wisconsin Lutheran College (WLC)Public Health

Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review | Turf & Landscape | All Questions and Verified Answers |Latest Update

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2023/2024

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Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam

Review | Turf & Landscape | All

Questions and Verified Answers |

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Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause -

Answer- -Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits

-Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves

-Suck plant juices

-Promote gall formation and other malformations

-Inject toxins into plants -Transmit diseases to plants

-Create a nuisance for people

Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects - Answer- Insects

have: body form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of

legs attached to thorax; 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings attached to

thorax; 1 pair of antennae

Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods -

Answer- Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions:

head & abdomen; usually 4 pairs of legs attached to head; no

wings; no antennae

Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete

metamorphosis - Answer- -Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis";

3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult

-Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adult

Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect

development - Answer- *Temperature & humidity preferences

vary for each insect.

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Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam

Review | Turf & Landscape | All

Questions and Verified Answers |

Latest Update

Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause - Answer- - Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits

Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
Suck plant juices
Promote gall formation and other malformations
Inject toxins into plants - Transmit diseases to plants
Create a nuisance for people Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects - Answer- Insects have: body form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs attached to thorax; 0, 1, or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; 1 pair of antennae Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods - Answer- Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen; usually 4 pairs of legs attached to head; no wings; no antennae Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis - Answer- - Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult
Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adult Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development - Answer- *Temperature & humidity preferences vary for each insect.

*Combined effect of both on reproduction & development is more dramatically different than the effect of either alone.

Temperature: development is faster with heat & slower with cold temps; insects die at the high levels of developmental threshold temps and become inactive at low levels
Humidity: effects insect diseases; effects moisture levels required for survival Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides
Answer- Advantages:
Effective against economically damaging pests
Can combine 1 or 2 insecticides to combat several pests
They act quickly to control pests before reaching damaging levels
For new pests, there are many compounds that have been proven effective
Effective insecticides, suitable formulations, & application equipment are normally available Disadvantages:
Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing target organisms to rebound quickly
Repeated exposure can lead to resistance in a pest population
Yearly dependence on applications is an added cost
Always a potential for drift, residues, and damage Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed - Answer- Weeds are unwanted plants Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management - Answer- 1. Minimize weed competition

Limit the weed's reproduction so that you can still manage the weed population in future years Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes (7) - Answer- - Interfere with management practices

Ch.2 Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when it is easiest to do so - Answer- - Annuals: kill the whole shoot by tillage or with herbicides during seeding stage. --> Summer Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage. --> Winter Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.

Biennials: best controlled with herbicides during rosette stage. Perennials: controlled by repeatedly tilling or with herbicides that translocates to all plant parts. Ch.2 Distinguish the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide applications - Answer- - Preplant: done before planting.
Preemergence: usually (not always) done after planting but before plants/weeds emerge.
Postemergence: done selectively after plants/weeds emerge; timing is important; if the desirable plant is smaller or larger than the growth stage listed on the label, it may be damaged by the herbicide. Ch.2 Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter, and pH and herbicide persistence on herbicide activity - Answer- - Fine textured soils or soils with high organic matter often require higher herbicide rates than soils with coarser texture or low organic matter.
Some herbicides prohibit product use on certain soils with a light texture, low organic matter, or high pH to guard against excessive plant damage or herbicide persistence.
Excessive leaching on sandy soils with shallow water tables may result in groundwater contamination. Ch.2 Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment - Answer- - Apply spray to lower 18 inches of stems
Thoroughly wet stem, crown, and exposed roots

Can make treatments throughout the year as long as the bark is not wet or when snow or water prevent spraying to the ground Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment - Answer- - Recommended for plants with thick bark or trunk is greater than 5 inches in diameter.
Thoroughly wet plant so runoff covers barks, crown buds, exposed roots, root collar, outer portion of cut surface.
Should be applied to cut surface before exposed plant tissue dries, within 2-3 hours. Ch.2 List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in urban areas - Answer- - Prevent spray drift, drift of volatile products, runoff.
Spray when weeds are most susceptible so the minimum amount of herbicide results in maximum weed control.
Use less volatile formations
Apply on days when temps are less than 80 degrees F
Avoid spraying during midsummer; garden plants and vegetables are more susceptible.
Avoid applying herbicides on dry, compacted soils
Keep pesticides off impermeable surfaces Chapter 2 Know the Law - Answer- State and local laws require landowners to control certain weeds to prevent their spread and distribution Ch.3 Define plant disease and what causes it - Answer- Any harmful change in the physiology and/or structure of a plant caused by some outside agent. Ch.3 List examples of the major groups of plant pathogens (7) - Answer- - Fungi (blights)
Oomycetes (downy mildews) - Nematodes (root rot)
Bacteria (fire blight

Ch.3 List some of the uses and limitations of soil fungicides - Answer- Uses: act as protectants Limitations: somewhat eradicative Ch.3 Explain why you need full coverage when using a foliar fungicide, and how to get such coverage - Answer- Reduced rate/lower spray volumes may not be effective. Requires saturation with multiple applications to get full coverage. Ch.3 List examples of abiotic agents that induce plant injury - Answer- Temperature extremes; Soil moisture extremes; Reduced oxygen levels; Unfavorable light conditions; Naturally occurring toxic chemicals; Salt; Soil compaction; Deficiency, excess, or imbalance of soil nutrients; Pollutants Ch.4 Describe factors that complicate management of pest mammals (5) - Answer- Mobility, Unpredictability, Public Perception, Legal Status, Management Techniques Ch.4 Explain the regulations regarding the use of pesticides to control mammals - Answer- Using pesticides to control mammals and birds is strictly regulated and often involves obtaining special permits from the WI Dept of Ag, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DATCP) and/or the WI DNR Ch.4 Describe the damage that pests discussed in this chapter can cause to turf and landscapes - Answer- - Meadow Mice: girdle roots, kill/injure trees and shrubs.

Rabbits: browse on bark and branches of trees and shrubs.
Moles: tunnels interfere with mowing, expose roots to air killing grass/other plants.
Ground Squirrels: problem in gardens and lawns.
Skunks: mostly beneficial, disliked because of stink
Deer: damage woody plants by feeding on buds and young branches, rubbing, trampling.

Ch.4 Outline your management options for controlling the pests discussed in this chapter - Answer- - Meadow Mice: rodenticide baits

Rabbits: no lethal pesticides; virtually impossible to eliminate.
Moles: poison baits with food.
Ground Squirrels: toxic bait or rodenticides for large areas.
Skunks: no lethal pesticides; trapping or habitat destruction.
Deer: repellents, scare devices, fencing Chapter 4 Know the Law - Answer- You need a use permit to use any pesticide for the control of mammals (other than rats and mice) or to use strychnine or 1080 Ch.5 Define the word pesticide and explain how the word differs from specific types of pesticides - Answer- Any substance used to directly control pest populations or to prevent or reduce pest damage Ch.5 Contrast the difference between organic, inorganic, and microbial pesticides - Answer- - Organic: the compound contains the element carbon; some derived from plant extracts; some synthetic.
Inorganic: derived from minerals that occur in nature; toxic to many organisms; less effective than organic compounds.
Microbial: are bacteria, fungi, viruses that cause disease. Ch.5 Explain the difference between the different types of pesticide names (3) - Answer- 1. Chemical Names: given to each active ingredient; name is long, hard to pronounce, difficult to use.

Common Names: refers to an active ingredient, regardless of manufacturer/formulator.
Trade Names: manufacturer specific name for each formulation of an active ingredient.

Post-Infection: kill/inhibit growth/development of fungus after it has been established; mostly effective in first 48 hours. Ch.5 Describe the type of rodenticides used to control rats and mice - Answer- Anticoagulants or Acute Compounds: after being ingested, damages capillaries and reduces the ability of the blood to clot, dies from internal bleeding Ch.6 Describe the function of inert ingredients - Answer- - Do not posses pesticidal activity
Added to improve application effectiveness, safety, handling, storage, other characteristics of the final product Ch.6 Explain why there are different kinds of formulations and what items you need to consider when selecting one - Answer- 1. The chemistry of the active ingredient itself dictates what formulations are possible.

Different formulations offer different advantages. *Considerations:

Different formulations of an active ingredient may be less effective than another in a given situation.
One formulation of an active ingredient may be less effective than another in a given situation.
The price per pound of active ingredient may differ among formulations.
You can measure liquid formulations more easily than dry ones.
Formulations vary in characteristics such as ability to remain in suspension or solution and the tendency to damage sprayer components.
You don't need to dilute pesticides that are applied as solids, however it is often difficult to apply them uniformly.
Dry formulations are easier to clean up than liquid ones when spilled.
In general, freezing temps in the storage area affect dry formulations less than liquids.

Ch.6 For formulations that are applied as liquids know which ones:

Form suspensions or solutions when diluted
Require agitation in the spray tank after mixing
Tend to clog nozzles, are abrasive, or may cause sprayer parts to deteriorate - Answer- - Emulsifiable Concentrates (E or EC): suspension, requires minimal agitation to be uniformly mixed, readily absorbed by skin.
Water-Soluble Concentrates (WS): solution, doesn't require agitation, not abrasive, used with any type of sprayer.
Wettable Powders (W or WP): suspension, constant agitation to keep suspension, used with most sprayers, abrasive, equipment may wear quickly.
Flowables (F or L) or Suspension Concentrates (SC): suspension, moderate agitation & shaken before measuring, seldom clogs sprayers but requires larger nozzles/sprayer.
Ultra Low Volume (ULV): neither solution or suspension, requires little agitation, not abrasive but can cause equipment to deteriorate.
Oil Solutions: solution, can cause significant equipment deterioration. Ch.6 Identify the health concerns associate with different fomulations - Answer- - Liquids: absorbed more easily through the skin; can leach into groundwater.
Solids: can be washed away in runoff; nontarget pests, pets, or children can ingest; stickers increase persistence. Ch.6 Identify the advantages of using poisonous baits and how to prevent nontarget animals from being exposed to them - Answer-
Advantage: introduce little pesticide into the environment.
Prevention: place bait where pest is likely to encounter it or use tamper-resistant bait or physical barriers.

purpose of producing an agricultural commodity; applications occur on land owned/rented by you/your employer.

Commercial for Hire: if you use pesticides on a contract basis (paid by 3rd party to perform services).
Commercial Not for Hire: use or direct the use of pesticides only to sites that you/your employer controls, and don't contract out your pesticide application services. Ch.7 Summarize the conditions for registering an employee as a temporary commercial applicator trainee (4) - Answer- 1. Trainee registration is valid for only 30 days.

Trainee may not use a restricted-use pesticide or direct the use of any pesticide.
Application of pesticides by trainee must be under direct, on- site supervision by commercial applicator who is certified/licensed in the appropriate category.
Trainee must have a copy of registration on hand when using pesticides. Ch.7 List the certification and licensing requirements for commercial applicators - Answer- - Applicator For Hire: Certification--Yes; License--Yes

Applicator Not for Hire (RUPs): Certification--Yes; License--Yes
Applicator Not for Hire (Only non-RUP in/on public school grounds): Certification--Yes; License: No
Applicator Not for Hire (Only non-RUP): Certification--No; License--No
Registered Temporary Trainee (Only allowed non-RUP use & must be under supervision): Certification--No; License--No Ch.7 List the kinds of applications for which you must keep records, and know how long you must keep such records - Answer- You must keep a record of any application for which both certification and licensing are required.

*It's good business to keep records for at least 2 years whether legally required or not. Ch.7 Describe what is meant by prohibited pesticide, limited-use pesticide, pesticide governed by a special rule - Answer- - Prohibited: contains active ingredients & use has been prohibited due to hazardous nature/persistence.

Limited-Use: in WI the purchase, sale, or use of some are limited to specifically defined uses.
Special Rule: potentially adverse effect on the environment or human health, regulated through special rules. Ch.7 Explain when you may need to get special permits and/or obtain another certification category to perform certain pesticide applications - Answer- For some situations there are regulations that go beyond the need to be certified and you must also obtain a special permit before buying/using pesticides for these cases. Ch.8 Describe the difference between the terms "labels" and "labeling" - Answer- - Labels: info printed/attached to the pesticide container or wrapper.
Labeling: both the actual label and to all addition product info. Ch.8 List the 5 times when you should read the relevant parts of a label - Answer- 1. Before you buy the product, to make sure it's the best choice for the pest you wish to control and that the product is labeled for the site where you need to use it.

Before you store the product.
Before you mix and use the product, to be sure you apply it safely, effectively, and at the proper rate.
Before you clean the pesticide application equipment.
Before you dispose of the product and/or its container. Ch.8 Outline the kinds of information you can find on a label - Answer- Restricted-use statement, Trade name, Type of

that you know Wisconsin's laws that govern pesticide use. Otherwise, you might violate state law even though you followed label directions. Ch.8 Explain which directions you should follow when using a product whose label has changed since you bought it - Answer- - When to Follow the Old Label: Use the product according to the label that came with it.

When Not to Follow the Old Label: A registrant/state/federal agency may cancel/prohibit a product or a specific use of the product. Then there may be a phase out date. Anyone who has some of the product may use it up to the specified date; after that the prohibition extends even to products already in the hands of the end user. Ch.8 Describe differences between a pesticide label and an MSDS sheet - Answer- - Pesticide Label:
MSDS Sheet: contains more details and technical info than the label about the product's chemical and physical properties, toxicological and ecological info, first-aid procedures, and emergency response. Chapter 8 Know the Law - Answer- The label and the supplemental labeling are legally binding documents. Chapter 8 Know the Law - Answer- This chapter describes the only 4 ways you may legally deviate from label directions. Ch.9 Explain the difference between hazard and toxicity - Answer-
Hazard: potential for injury. (toxicity x exposure)
Toxicity: measure of a pesticide's capacity to cause injury. Ch.9 List the four routes by which pesticides can enter your body
Answer- 1. Dermal Exposure

Oral Exposure

Inhalation Exposure
Eye Exposure Ch.9 Give examples of work habits that lead to pesticide exposure via these four routes - Answer- 1. Dermal Exposure: no wearing PPE, not washing hands, splashing/spilling on skin, exposure to spray/dust drift, applying on a windy day, touching treated surfaces.
Eye Exposure: rubbing eyes, splashing pesticide into eyes, not wearing eye protection, applying in windy weather.
Oral Exposure: not washing hands before eating, smoking, chewing, or drinking; splashing pesticide into mouth.
Inhalation Exposure: handling pesticides in confined/poorly ventilated areas, handling dusts/powders, using inadequate/poorly fitting respirator, exposed to spray/dust drift. Ch.9 Explain how a pesticide's formulation, or body part exposed, affects how much pesticide is absorbed through the skin - Answer- 1. Dermal Exposure: amount absorbed depends on the chemical itself and extent of exposure, as well as product formulation, area of your body exposed and condition of exposed skin. Pesticides enter body through cuts, scapes, and hot sweaty skin more easily.
Eye Exposure: very absorbent, can be blinded or even fatal.
Oral Exposure: relatively rare, almost always due to carelessness. 4 Inhalation Exposure: lungs readily absorb vapors and fine particles. Ch.9 Describe the relationship between a pesticide's toxicity and its LD50 and/or LC50 - Answer- - Both: The amount of chemical required to kill 50% of the test population is referred to as the "Lethal Dose to 50%"

LD50: measure of a pesticide's acute toxicity, a range of doses is either fed to or applied to skin.

oral exposure because your hands (or gloves) will likely be contaminated with pesticides.

Wash your hands after handling pesticides. Unwashed hands increase the risk of oral exposure as well as exposure to other parts of your body.
Take a shower at the end of each work day, paying particular attention to your hair and fingernails. Put on a complete change of clothing.
Use common sense. No recommendations cover all situations. There may be times when you feel that you should wear more PPE than the label requires. Ch.10 Explain who is covered by the Hazard Communications Standards (HCS) - Answer- The OSHA employee right-to-know law, better known as the HCS, is designed to protect employees who handle or use hazardous chemicals in the workplace. With the exception of farms, the HCS covers all employers with one or more employees. Ch.10 List the features of effective PPE (4) - Answer- 1. Chemical resistant or otherwise able to keep pesticides away from your body.
Resistant to punctures or tears under normal conditions of use.
Well sealed at seams.
Comfortable enough that people will accepted. Ch.10 Explain how chemical resistance can affect worker acceptance of PPE - Answer- Worker acceptance of PPE decreases as comfort decreases. Ch.10 Outline the different levels of protection afforded by work clothes, coveralls, spray suits, and aprons - Answer- - Work Clothes:

Coveralls:
Spray Suits:

Aprons:
Gloves:
Footwear:
Headgear:
Eye & Face Protection: Ch.10 Describe the types of gloves to wear when handling pesticides and how to wear them - Answer- - Wear lined, chemical resistant gloves.
Usually wear sleeves outside of gloves to prevent pesticides running down sleeves into the gloves.
If spraying overhead, wear gloves outside of sleeves and turn cuff to form a cup to catch excess spray from running down your arm.
If doing work where your arms are raised/lowered, cuff gloves tightly to outside of sleeve with tape or elastic band. Ch.10 Describe the features of suitable protective footwear, headgear, and eyewear - Answer- - Footwear: wear unlined, chemical resistant shoes or shoe covers.
Headgear: wear wide brimmed hat or hooded spray suit.
Eyewear: wear tightly fitting, non-fogging protective eyewear Ch.10 Be aware that worker protection rules require the proper use and maintenance of respriators - Answer- Employers must provide fit-testing and scheduled maintenance of respirators, cartridges, and canisters for their employees in accordance with OSHA requirements. Ch.10 Identify the importance of fitting a respirator and how often one should do so - Answer- - Before using a respirator for the first time, you must do a fit test to ensure it makes a tight seal around your face. Do a fit test annually.
Must perform a fit check every time you use an air-purifying respirator.

Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review | Turf & Landscape | All Questions and Verified, Exams of Public Health

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Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam

Review | Turf & Landscape | All

Questions and Verified Answers |

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