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A & P 2 Straighterline Final Exam Questions
Update 202 5
When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs? - ✔✔The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids. Type AB blood - ✔✔has both A and B antigens on the red cells In the platelet release reaction, - ✔✔ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated. The hematocrit is - ✔✔d. the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood. What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver? - ✔✔Vitamin K
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in - ✔✔a. protection. The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called - ✔✔oxyhemoglobin The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the - ✔✔c. leukocytes Plasma - ✔✔. is the liquid matrix of the blood. An increased amount of heparin in the blood might - ✔✔. prevent clotting process. On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia? - ✔✔b. chromosome 11
What is tissue thromboplastin? - ✔✔A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood? - ✔✔megakaryoblast Macrophages are derived from - ✔✔monocytes Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of coagulation? - ✔✔conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin The "pacemaker" of the heart is the - ✔✔SA node Where is blood moving during the period of ejection? - ✔✔Ventricles to great vessels
The adult heart averages grams. - ✔✔ 250 - 300 The epicardium - ✔✔covers the surface of the heart. Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from - ✔✔aerobic respiration in the mitochondria What event(s) occur during the QRS complex of an ECG? - ✔✔depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as - ✔✔Starling Law of the heart. Cardiac muscle cells - ✔✔are maintained by an extensive capillary network.
Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease? - ✔✔chronic stress Aortic stenosis results from - ✔✔a narrowed opening through the aortic valve An incompetent pulmonary semilunar valve could result in less blood reaching the
- ✔✔lungs A patient has been diagnosed with mild heart disease. Tests show that some of the coronary arteries are partially occluded. Which of the following is the best course of action to treat the disease? - ✔✔Angioplasty Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced - ✔✔blood supply to cardiac muscle.
Coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as a myocardial - ✔✔infarction What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions? - ✔✔tachycardia Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance? - ✔✔veins Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta? - ✔✔the intercostal muscles Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the aortic arch reflex and cause
- ✔✔increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. According to Poiseuille's law, - ✔✔if resistance increases, flow decreases
The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of - ✔✔capillaries. Resistance to blood flow is greatest in - ✔✔arterioles The major types of veins are , , and. - ✔✔superficial veins, deep veins, and sinuses What are vasa vasorum? - ✔✔Blood vessels that nourish the tunica adventitia and tunica media. Which statement is CORRECT? - ✔✔Veins contain valves and arteries do not. Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries? - ✔✔thermoregulation
Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries? - ✔✔kidney Case study: Dale Fremore was back home after spending the day at a picnic where he ate some "spoiled" potato salad. He developed severe abdominal pain and cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. After about ten to twelve episodes of water diarrhea, Mr. Fremore became so pale and weak he could hardly walk. His wife took him to the hospital where he was diagnosed with severe dehydration (decreased plasma volume). Mr. Fremore was suffering from shock. The body has several mechanisms that can come into play to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow when a person goes into shock.
Urine output usually decreases when a person is in shock. This is the result of - ✔✔increased renin secretion. In response to circulatory shock, - ✔✔the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated. In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse? - ✔✔hemorrhagic shock Which of the following organs does NOT contain lymphatic tissue? - ✔✔liver Lymph capillaries are found in the - ✔✔dermis Nonencapsulated lymphatic tissue called MALT includes all of the following except: - ✔✔lymph nodes.
The white pulp of the spleen - ✔✔contains lymphocytes that can stimulate an immune response. Describe the wall of lymphatic capillaries. - ✔✔Thin-walled, with overlapping squamous cells Lymph nodules are - ✔✔located in the loose connective tissue of the digestive system. Lymph exits a lymph node via the - ✔✔efferent lymphatic vessels. The spleen - ✔✔. filters damaged red blood cells from the blood. The palatine tonsils - ✔✔are located at the junction of the oral cavity and pharynx.
The lymphatic system is involved in - ✔✔lipid absorption from the digestive tract Lymphatic tissue contains an interlaced network of reticular fibers that functions to - ✔✔trap microorganisms. Tonsils - ✔✔provide protection against bacteria entering the oral and nasal cavities. The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by
- ✔✔returning interstitial fluid to the plasma. The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that - ✔✔the lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissues. Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic organ? - ✔✔thymus gland
A small molecule that can cause an allergic reaction is a/an - ✔✔hapten. The secondary or memory response - ✔✔provides better protection than the primary response. Lymphocyte activation can occur in several ways. However, in all cases - ✔✔lymphocytes must recognize an antigen. Circulatory changes that occur in inflammation include - ✔✔increased vascular permeability Transfusing a person with plasma proteins from a person or an animal that has been actively immunized against a specific antigen provides - ✔✔passive immunity
The intense inflammatory response seen in poison ivy is due to activity of the - ✔✔delayed hypersensitivity cells. Which of the following is NOT an aging effect of the lymphatic system and immunity? - ✔✔Fluid removal by the lymphatic capillaries is reduced. The HIV virus infects - ✔✔helper T cells. An abnormal, exaggerated response of the immune system is called - ✔✔hypersensitivity Which of the following is false? - ✔✔There is currently only one cure for AIDS - AZT.
Several research groups are working on vaccines that will be effective against the AIDS virus. When a successful vaccine is produced, it is likely to be injected to produce - ✔✔active artificial immunity. In immunodeficiency diseases, - ✔✔inadequate B and/or T cell formation may occur. The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the - ✔✔thyroid cartilage What is the function of the nasal conchae? - ✔✔increases turbulence and surface area for cleaning, warming and moisturizing the air During swallowing, the opening into the larynx is covered by the - ✔✔epiglottis Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation:
