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Adhesive ✔✔A substance that is capable of bonding material together by surface attachment.
Air Dried ✔✔Lumber stacked and stored so that it is dried naturally by the exposure to air.
Allen Head ✔✔A screw head with a recess requiring a hexagon shaped key, used mainly on machinery. These may be in metric or SAE sizes.
Annual Growth Ring ✔✔The layer of growth to the circumference of a tree in a season, easily recognizable in many woods by the difference in cells formed during the early and late parts of the season.
Apron ✔✔A frame around the base of a table to which the top and legs are fastened.
Arbor ✔✔A stub shaft on a machine to turn blades or other cutting wheels.
Awl ✔✔Pointed instrument that looks like an ice pick, useful for marking positions when laying out a project.
Bark ✔✔The outer protective layer of a tree.
Birds-eye Figure ✔✔A figure on wood, usually maple and a few other species, composed of many small rounded areas resembling a birds eye.
Biscuit Joint ✔✔An oval shaped disk that when inserted in a slot with glue swells to form a tight bond. A special tool is required to cut the slot.
Board Foot ✔✔Measurement of lumber equal to one square foot an inch thick or 144 cubic inches. Multiply width in inches X length in inches X thickness in inches, divide by 144 for total board feet.
Bookmatch ✔✔Successive layers of veneer are arranged side by side to resemble a mirror image of each other.
Bow ✔✔A warp along the length of a board.
Collet ✔✔A type of chuck that accepts a fixed shaft size, commonly used on routers.
Common Grade Lumber ✔✔Lumber with obvious defects, used in construction framing.
Cross Cut ✔✔A cut which runs across the board, perpendicular to the grain.
Cupping ✔✔This is when the edges of a board bend with the grain away from the center to form a concave shape.
Dado ✔✔A groove in the face of a board, usually to accept another board at 90 degrees as in shelf uprights.
Deciduous ✔✔Trees that shed their foliage annually, commonly referred to as hardwood.
Dovetail Joint ✔✔A joint where the fingers are shaped like a doves tail, used to join pieces at 90 degrees.
Dowel ✔✔A wood pin used to align and hold two adjoining pieces.
Dressed Size ✔✔The dimension of lumber after being surfaced by a planer.
Epoxy Glue ✔✔A two part glue that practically glues anything to anything, including metal to metal.
Face ✔✔When a board has one side that is wider than the other, the wider side is referred to as the face (as opposed to the edge). May also refer to the side that is to be visible in the finished item.
Face Frame ✔✔A flat frame attached to the front of a cabinet, usually to conceal the exposed edges of plywood, or to give a decorative appearance.
Featherboard ✔✔Pieces of wood with fingers used to hold material against a fence and or down against the table on power tools such as a table saw.
Fence ✔✔A straight guide on a tool such as a table saw or router table to keep the material a set parallel distance from the blade or cutter.
Hardwood ✔✔Lumber from the group of trees with broad leaves, this has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood.
Heartwood ✔✔The wood from the pith extending to the sapwood, darker in color due to gum, resins, and other materials which make it less susceptible to rot.
Hinge ✔✔A mechanical device that connects two solid objects, allowing rotation between them.
Infeed ✔✔The side of a power tool where a board enters.
Jig ✔✔A device used to hold work or act as a guide in manufacturing or assembly.
Kerf ✔✔The width of a saw cut, determined by the thickness and set of the blade.
Kick Back ✔✔This is when a workpiece is thrown back by a cutter, prevented using anti-kick back devices on power tools such as table saws.
Kiln ✔✔A heated chamber for drying lumber where the air flow, heat and relative humidity can be controlled.
Knot ✔✔The portion of a branch or limb that is embedded in the wood.
Laminate ✔✔The product of bonding layers together as in beams or plywood.
Linseed Oil ✔✔Is an amber-colored, fatty oil extracted from the cotyledon and inner coats of the linseed. Used to preserve or refinish wood.
MDF ✔✔Medium density fiberboard, very stable underlay for counter tops etc. to be covered with laminate.
Miter Box ✔✔An apparatus to guide a saw to make miter joints.
Miter Gauge ✔✔A guide with an adjustable head that fits in a slot and slides across a power tool table to cut material at an angle.
TPI ✔✔The number of teeth on a saw blade per inch.
Pith ✔✔The soft core in the center of a log.
Plain Sawn ✔✔Boards are sliced from the log with the cut tangent to the growth rings.
Plumb ✔✔A term used to describe something that is perfectly perpendicular to the earth relative to gravity. A plumb bob on the end of a string will give you a line that is plumb or straight up and down.
Plywood ✔✔A glued wood panel usually 4' X 8' made up of thin layers of wood laid at right angles to each other.
Pocket Hole ✔✔A hole drilled on an angle with a step bit to make a butt joint. The larger hole is for the screw head to enter, and the smaller hole is for the shank.
Quarter Sawn ✔✔Boards which have been cut so that the wide surfaces are approximately 90 degrees to the annual growth rings, this type of cut reduces cupping of the boards.
Rabbet ✔✔A groove in the edge or face of a board, usually a rabbet is referred to on the edge, a dado is referred to on the face.
Rail ✔✔A horizontal member between chair legs or between styles or vertical members of a door frame.
Raised Grain ✔✔The roughened condition of sanded wood when the hard latewood rises above the soft earlywood when moisture is applied.
Rip Cut ✔✔A cut which runs through the length of a board parallel to the grain.
Rough Lumber ✔✔Boards which are sawn, edged and trimmed but not run through a planer.
Sapwood ✔✔The wood lighter colored wood on the outside of a log, this wood is more susceptible to rot than heartwood.
Seasoning ✔✔The time it takes for wood to dry. Wood air-dries and takes one year for every inch of thickness. It refers to a year, a season.
Tenon ✔✔A projection made at the end of a board, by cutting away the wood around it, to insert into a mortise to make a joint.
Tongue and Groove ✔✔A joinery method where a board has a protruding tongue on one edge and a groove on the other, the tongue of one board fits into the groove of the next.
Torx Head ✔✔A screw head requiring a driver in the shape of a star.
Varnish ✔✔A liquid preparation that dries to a hard lustrous coating.
Vee Joint ✔✔Tongue and groove boards with their top corners beveled so when the two boards come together a V is formed.
Veneer ✔✔A thin layer of expensive wood bonded to a thicker piece of cheaper plywood to give the appearance of the expensive wood but at a reduced price.
Warp ✔✔To bent or twist to the pull of the grain in the wood.
