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World History: Early Medieval Europe - Study Guide |, Study notes of World History

Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania (SU)World History

Material Type: Notes; Class: World History; Subject: History; University: Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania; Term: Forever 1989;

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Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/15/2009

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World History Exam 3 Study Guide

•Early Medieval Europe

•Administrative, social, cultural, political aspects

•Good climate and soil; reliable water supply

•New militarism in aristocracy

•Polygamy

•Inherited Roman administrative set-up; local, decentralized

•Stimulate economic growth

•Silver coinage, trade agreements, construction on infrastructure

•Governments

•Capitularies, Missi Dominici, local aristocrats

•Feudalism

•Political and social agreement; lord and vassal relationship

•Castles

•Manorialism

•Economic system

•Working class: slave, serf, free peasant

•Aristocratic class

•Emergence of Frankish Power

•Clovis

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World History Exam 3 Study Guide

Early Medieval Europe
- Administrative, social, cultural, political aspects
  - Good climate and soil; reliable water supply
  - New militarism in aristocracy
  - Polygamy
  - Inherited Roman administrative set-up; local, decentralized
  - Stimulate economic growth
    - Silver coinage, trade agreements, construction on infrastructure
  - Governments
    - Capitularies, Missi Dominici, local aristocrats
  - Feudalism
    - Political and social agreement; lord and vassal relationship
  - Castles
  - Manorialism
    - Economic system
    - Working class: slave, serf, free peasant
    - Aristocratic class
- Emergence of Frankish Power
  - Clovis

Converted to Roman Christianity; support from Church & aristocracy
Merovingian Gaul
Fighting amongst ruling family = not much peace
Carolignian Dynasty
Started as administrative officers for Merovingians
Pepin the Short: officially received power & support from Pope/Church
Charlemagne
High point of Carolignian Dynasty; centralized imperial rule
Strong Christian streak
Warrior-king; expanded kingdom
Coronation by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day, 800 CE
Invasions
Late 8th and early 9th century, attacked on all sides
Muslim pirates from South; plunder only
Magyars from East; plunder, then settlement
Vikings from North, East, and West; plunder, then settlement
Form a group of small states in Scandinavia
Economy based on growing grain, fishing, and raising stock
Merchants/sailors noted throughout Europe for trade goods
800 CE: various factors turn their attention abroad
Increased population; authority of kings; ships
Plundered in coastal ports, inland towns, and monasteries

Early Christian Church
- Emergence of monasteries
  - Eremitical
  - Cenobitic
  - Irish
  - Double
- St. Benedict of Nursia
  - Strong abbot, vow of poverty, prayer & work, not required to be scholars, silence important, necessities provided
- Effects/influences of monasteries
  - Preserved writings, education, missionary work, estates, served or trained men that served in official capacities, Northumbrian Renaissance - St. Bede the Venerable
Byzantine Empire
Administrative, social, cultural, political aspects
"Layers" of government: municipal, province (theme system), imperial
General characteristics
Byzantine Christianity
Importance in empire/Involvement of emperor
Church debates
Divine nature of Christ
Icons/iconoclasm

Byzantine Culture
- Imperial level = Greek
- Municipal level = national cultures
- Constantinople
- Art
Rule of Justinian & Theodora
Nika Revolt
Corpus Juris Civilis (Codex Justinius, Digest, Institutes)
Justinian Corpus of Civil Law (the Code, the Digest, the Institutes)
Gathered laws of the Roman Empire reduced into one book
Attempts to recover Western Empire
Plague
Military wins against Vandals (resulting in gaining Northwest Africa, Spain, and Italy) and losses to the Sasanians (resulting in losing Antioch)
Vulnerable eastern empire
Hagia Sophia
Fall of Constantinople in 1453
Ascent of Islam
Descendants of Abraham
Trade (frankincense & myrrh)
Follow a number of different religions
Kaaba

Early Islam
- Limited support at first; leadership rejected Muhammad
- 622: Hijra (Muslim year = 1) to Medina
- Muhammad becomes religious and political leader
- 632: Muhammad dies; problems for followers as he didn't name successor
- Caliph = successor
Civil Wars
- 655-661; root cause = choosing a caliph
- Umayyads vs. Ali
Dynasties
- Umayyad Dynasty
  - al-Andalus
- Golden Age of the Abbasids
  - Baghdad; culture and scholarship; sufism
- Fragmentation
Asia During the Postclassical Era
China- administrative, social, cultural, political aspects
Sui Dynasty
Yang Jian, founder of Sui Dynasty
Grand Canal
Built under Sui Yangdi
Trade

Connected northern & southern China
Tang Dynasty
Dynasty that represented a political and cultural high point in Chinese history; the Tang emperors combined elements of the Qin/Han blueprint to empire with new measures to create a model of governance that spread to Tibet, Korea, and Japan
Ruled more territory than any other Chinese dynasty to this point
Hoped Buddhism would help bind their subjects together
Tang Taizong
Policies
Transportation
Equal-field system
The basis of the Tang dynasty tax system as prescribed in the^ Tang Code ; dividing households into nine ranks on the basis of wealth, officials allocated each household a certain amount of land
Bureaucracy of merit
Foreign relations
Military campaigns
Tribute system
Nara & Heian Japan
Early develpoment influenced heavily by China
Movement towards centralized government, styled on Chinese government

Agriculture; need for water
Trade; internal trade, cross-cultural/external trade
New developments in Hinduism; devotional cults
Role of Hindu Temples
Caste System
Southeast Asia
"Crossroads of Influence" - China, India
Very active in trade
Khmer (Cambodia), Pagan (Burma), & Siam (Thailand)
Wealthy, military strength, public works & temples; Indian influence
Relationship Between Church & State: Islam & Christianity
See also:
Emergence of Frankish Power
Early Christian Church
Byzantine Christianity
Ascent of Islam
States & Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Western/Central Africa: Ghana, Luba, Mali
Ghana
Trade; gold & salt are main exports
Capital = Koumbi-Saleh
Distinctive feature = use of gold

Islam & decline of Ghana
Mali (ESSAY)
Sundiata; Girot = holder of oral literature/history
Trade; gold & slaves are main exports
Matrilineal society
Islam
Mansa Musa
Ruled Mali 1312-1337 CE
Noted for his pilgrimage to Mecca; result not just spiritual growth:
Mali shows up on maps, wealth used to support Islam in Mali (mosques, Islamic study, Islamic teachers), Architect
Other hallmarks of his reign:
Military success/expansion, general safety, commercial expansion, Timbuktu & Jenne, more structured government
Decline of Mali
Luba Kingdom
Formed after 13th century CE
Idea of bulopwe
Use of secret societies
Eastern Africa: Swahili, Great Zimbabwe
Swahili- mix of Arab & Bantu (both language & culture)
Trade between Arabic world & India

World History: Early Medieval Europe - Study Guide |, Study notes of World History

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World History Exam 3 Study Guide