Download WRT Exam Review | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version and more Exams Water Resources Planning and Management in PDF only on Docsity!
WRT Exam Review | 100% Correct |
Verified | 2024 Version
_____________ _____________ is the force exerted by a gas (vapor molecules) on the surrounding environment. - ✔✔Vapor Pressure _________________ represents the "was-wood" material with the least engineering, and thus the most natural fiber bonding. It is ________________ to swelling and delamination due to its wood veneer assemblies which are glued under extreme pressure. - ✔✔Plywood Resistent __________________ occurs when liquid changes to a vapor. Occurs as energy is increased. - ✔✔Evaporation __________________ occurs when vapor changes to a liquid. Occurs as energy is removed. - ✔✔Condinsation ___________________ is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and can hold no more water vapor. - ✔✔Dew Point ____________________ ______________________ is defined as the amount of moisture contained in an air sample, as compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature. - ✔✔Relative Humidity ______________________ occurs when a solid changes to a vapor (without going through a liquid phase). - ✔✔Sublimation _______________________________ drying systems merge the benefits of both open and closed drying: the use of available, dry air from outside and the control offered by a closed system and mechanical dehumidification. - ✔✔Combination
- Evaporation will increase when:
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______________________________________________________ - ✔✔Wet materials are made warmer When drier air is used When air is moved more rapidly across the wet surface A balanced drying system is achieved when the rate of dehumidification is greater than or equal to the rate of _____________________________. - ✔✔Evaporation A room with water damage measures 16 feet × 12 feet. Water has wetted all of the flooring in the room. The flooring is wet in an offset measuring 10 feet × 4 feet. Water is wicking up the walls less than 2 feet except for Wall A, measuring 12 feet × 8 feet. Water came down from above to wet all of Wall A but not the ceiling. The number of air movers to install will be: ________ for the room. ________ for the floors. ________ for the walls. ________ for the offset. The total number of air movers required is ____ - ____. - ✔✔ 1 4 - 5 1 1
As with any contaminant, mold should be removed or contained before any air movers are placed in the structure. Blowing air can spread mold spores from the _______________________ area to the ____________________ rooms. - ✔✔Contaminated (Affected) Unaffected Because desiccant dehumidifiers do not use condensation to remove water, they are not limited by low dew point temperatures; therefore, they produce the lowest _____________ ___________ of any dehumidifier. - ✔✔Vapor Pressure Because of their non-invasive nature and quick surveying capabilities, noninvasive meters are the most effective tools for locating abnormal moisture behind and beneath finishing materials such as ___________ _______________ and resilient ___________ floor coverings. - ✔✔Ceramic Tile Vinyl Choose which drying systems could be used in these conditions. Outside Affected area Open Closed Combo 1.) 95° / 45%RH 80° / 50%RH __________ ____________
2.) 40° / 70%RH 75° / 40%RH __________ ____________ ___________ 3.) 75° / 20%RH 70° / 60%RH __________ ____________ ___________ - ✔✔1.) Closed 2.) Combination 3.) Open Class 1 water intrusions involve the ________ amount of water absorption, with less than ____% of the area surfaces being wet porous materials. - ✔✔Least about 5% Class 2 water intrusions involve a ______________ amount of water absorption, with more than ___% but less than ____% of area surfaces being wet porous materials. - ✔✔Significant 5%
Class 3 water intrusions involve the ____________ amount of water absorption, with more than ____% of area surfaces being wet porous materials. - ✔✔Greatest 40% Cleaning procedures must be employed before the drying of a Category 2 water loss can continue. At a minimum, affected __________________ must be removed and disposed of, and carpet must be thoroughly cleaned using a hot water extraction method. - ✔✔Carpet Pads Conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers under normal temperatures are effective in reducing high humidity to a normal level — approximately 40% RH, or about _______ GPP. - ✔✔ 55 Cupping in hardwood is not _______________________ damage, and should be dried in most cases. - ✔✔Permanent Cupping will generally be the first indication of abnormal moisture levels in hardwood flooring as the ________________ and sides of the board absorb moisture. - ✔✔Bottom Dehumidification reduces the _______________________ content of the air. - ✔✔Moisture Desiccant Formula (divide by 60 for base CFM. Then multiply by ACH) - ✔✔1. Cubic Footage ÷ 60 × Chart Factor (ACH) = Total CFM Recommendation
- Total CFM Recommendation ÷ Dehumidifier CFM Rating = # of Dehumidifiers Dry rot (wood rot) can occur when wood is visibly dry yet wetter than ___________% moisture content. - ✔✔20% Drying Systems [provide name and brief description of each]:
(6 x 12) + 9 = 81 Inches Deep 750 x 81 = 60,750 / 12 = 5,062.5 Cu Ft 5,062.5 x 7.48 = 37,867.5 Gallons Hygroscopic materials gain and lose moisture continually in an effort to ___________________ with the water content in the surrounding air mass. The more hygroscopic the material, the faster it will collect water vapor, and the easier it will suffer ________________________ damage. - ✔✔Equalize Secondary If a material is not drying well, what would be the most effective method of increasing evaporation? a. Use air filtration b. Warm the material c. Add more airflow - ✔✔b. Warm the material If a structure cannot be warmed to a temperature where LGRs would be effective, the most efficient type of dehumidifier to use would be: refrigerant / desiccant - ✔✔Desiccant If a structure had affected air at 75 F at 25% RH, the most efficient type of dehumidifier to use would be a (choose one): refrigerant / desiccant - ✔✔Desiccant If a structure had affected air at 85 F at 65% RH, the most efficient type of dehumidifier to use would be a (choose one): refrigerant / desiccant - ✔✔Refrigerant If open drying is determined appropriate, the following options (while keeping building security in mind) are available to the restorer:
__________________________________ - ✔✔Open Windows Ventilation Fans Additional Fans If surfaces are ________________________ than the dew point of the surrounding air, water will condense on those surfaces and possibly cause secondary damage. If surfaces are ________________________ than the dew point of the surrounding air, evaporation can occur. - ✔✔Cooler Warmer If the carpet is to be re-installed, technicians should avoid cutting carpet seams unless it is absolutely___________________. - ✔✔Necessary If the rate of evaporation is allowed to exceed the rate of dehumidification, ____________________ ________________ can occur. - ✔✔Secondary Damage If the surface temperature of the material is higher than the ___________ point temperature of the surrounding air, evaporation may occur. - ✔✔Dew In structures where the surface of the wall is covered with a non-________________ surface as a vapor barrier, it may be necessary to remove base molding, drill holes and introduce air movement. - ✔✔Permeable In the restorative drying industry the weight measurement used to measure water vapor in air is grains per pound of air, abbreviated as GPP. This is called _______________ _______________. - ✔✔Humidity Ratio Inspections are more consistent when the overall goals are kept in mind: a. Determine how wet items are: Monitor ____________ in most circumstances.
c. Record of _______________ Conditions (RDC), or Daily Humidity Record - ✔✔Moisture Drying Most antimicrobials require that the area of application be vacated by ___________ and pets during application and for a period of time after application. - ✔✔Occupants Once it has been determined that the floor can be salvaged by in-place drying, the first step is to determine a __________ ______ for the hardwood and subfloor. - ✔✔Dry Standard One of the most effective methods of drying wet wood under hard surfaces is: a. Heated airflow b. Demolition of the wood c. Negative air pressure - ✔✔a. Heated airflow Partial floating of carpet can be a way to achieve drying of all surfaces simultaneously and allows _____________ dry air to have more contact with wet flooring. - ✔✔Warm Plastic Laminate Flooring is made of MDF and has a resin saturated appearance layer. Normally ___________________ in water restoration due to its construction and installation components. - ✔✔Removed Pre-existing conditions should be identified, documented and communicated to all ________________ ________________________ parties during the initial inspection. - ✔✔Martially Interested Refrigerant dehumidifiers remove water from the air through the process of _________________________. Because of this fact, they are more efficient in higher humidity conditions. Refrigerant dehumidifiers work best between ____° and ____° F. - ✔✔Condensation 70°
Refrigerant Formula (always divide) - ✔✔1. Cubic Footage ÷ Chart Factor = Total PPD (Pints Per Day) Removal Recommendation
- Total PPD Removal Recommendation ÷ Dehumidifier AHAM Rating = # of Dehumidifiers Remove the vinyl (flooring) and discard it if the _____________________ is saturated and/or damaged; vinyl is a vapor barrier and the time required to dry underlayment will be dramatically reduced if the vinyl is removed. - ✔✔Subfloor Respiratory protection regulations state that the employer must provide:
_____________________________________________ - ✔✔Medical Evaluation Fit Testing Training Restorers must maintain their safety certified equipment properly. This includes replacing ___________ that are damaged, replacing damaged inlet and outlet __________, and checking for ______________ electrical plugs. - ✔✔Cords Screens Grounded Restorers must use a third party (IEP) in situations that involve severe public health issues, _________ ___________ occupants living or working in the structure, or extensive _________________________ contamination that can affect worker or occupant health. - ✔✔High Risk Microbial Restorers will know the drying job is dry and done when moisture meters verify that the structure has reached the ___________ _________. - ✔✔Dry Standard
The primary goal of the initial extraction of the affected area is to contain further ____________________ of the water within the structure. - ✔✔Migration The technician's first responsibility when arriving at a water damage site is to identify, communicate and eliminate ______________ _________________ if reasonably possible. - ✔✔Safety Hazards The ultimate goal is to find the "edge" of water migration, which moves in a three-dimensional path throughout the structure. This is accomplished across carpeted surfaces using a ______________ _______________, and across most hard surfaces using a ______________________________ (non- penetrating) moisture meter. - ✔✔Moisture Sensor Non-invasive The wood is considered dry when: a. Hardwood and subsurfaces are within ______-_____ percentage points of normal Equilibrium Moisture Content (Dry Standard). b. Subsurfaces below hardwood are dried to within _____-______ percentage points of the hardwood. c. After wood flooring has been dried to acceptable moisture content, appropriate ______________ time should be allowed before refinishing. - ✔✔ 2 - 4 2 - 4 Acclimation There are a number of causes for carpet delamination — many of them related to ___________________________ restoration activities. - ✔✔Improper There are three levels of biocidal activity, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [Provide name and description, starting with weakest]:
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______________________________________________________ - ✔✔Sanitizer: Designed to reduce the # of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level. This is the lowest level of biocidal activity. Disinfectant: Designed to destroy or inactivate microorganisms, not spores. Sterilizers: Designed to destroy/eliminate all forms of microorganisms and all spores Third party experts are commonly referred to as Indoor Environmental Professionals, or ________. - ✔✔IEP's To determine how many dehumidifiers to place: a. Determine the _____________ feet (meters) affected or volume of air to be dehumidified by multiplying the area's length × width × height. b. Note the dehumidifier rating (Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, or AHAM, rating) of the refrigerant/LGR dehumidifier being used, or the process-out CFM of the desiccant dehumidifier being used. Dehumidifiers' AHAM ratings are measured in pints of water removed at _____°F, ____% RH for _____ hours. c. Once the factor has been identified, use the following formula for LGRs and conventional refrigerants: Imperial: cubic ft. _____ factor = AHAM pints required. d. For desiccant dehumidifiers, use the formula: Imperial: factor _____ cubic ft. ÷ 60 = CFM required. e. The product of the formula represents the _______________ CFM (desiccants) or AHAM pints (refrigerants) required. This total is then compare - ✔✔Cubic 80 Degrees, 60%, 24 hrs
Use your Psychrometric Chart to complete the following calculations: a. 80°F at 60% RH = _____________________ GPP b. 53°F at 80% RH = _____________________ GPP c. Which of the two conditions above has the lowest vapor pressure? ______ d. On a structural drying project, the indoor condition is 80°F and 60% RH. The temperature needed to bring the relative humidity to 30% is ___________________________ e. What is the surface temperature at which condensation would become a risk for air which is 80°F at 60%? _______________________ f. What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit if the humidity ratio is 70 GPP, and the relative humidity is 60%? _____________________ - ✔✔About 92 About 48 B. About 103° 65% 72% Vapor pressure, dew point and humidity ratio (GPP) are ___________ ___________ to each other. When one increases, the other two _____________. When one decreases, the other two _____________. - ✔✔Directly Related Increase
Decrease Various cleaning and decontamination procedures must be used on Category 3 water losses, including the removal of all ________________ _________________ materials affected by the water intrusion. - ✔✔Highly Porous Water from a clean source with no substantial risk of causing sickness or discomfort is said to be _____________________ ____ water. - ✔✔Category 1 Water that has a significant degree of chemical, biological and/or physical contamination and a potential to cause sickness or discomfort is __________________ ____. - ✔✔Category 2 Water vapor pressure is the force that drives higher concentrations of humidity from one space to another in an attempt to seek _________________ with lower concentrations of water vapor. - ✔✔Equilibrium Wet materials present in a Class 4 water intrusion require a ________ time to dry. Water has saturated deeply into the materials and is held or trapped as bound water. Low evaporation materials have ______________ absorption of water. - ✔✔Longer Significant Wet particle board would normally be ________________________ and replaced. - ✔✔Removed When air is cooled, its capacity for water vapor is reduced. Eventually, if temperature is cooled enough, the relative humidity will reach ______________ or saturation. When this occurs, the air has reached its ________ point temperature. - ✔✔100% Dew When carpet delamination (the loss of integrity in the adhesives used to laminate the _____________________ and ________________________ backings) has occurred, further damage is very likely. For this reason, when extensive carpet delamination is discovered, technicians must call it to the attention of all materially interested parties, document the condition and suggest __________________. - ✔✔Primary
When water intrusion results from a grossly unsanitary source or carries ___________________ (disease causing) agents, it is said to be Category 3. - ✔✔Pathogenic When water intrusion results in water running through wall cavities, inspection access holes are used to ensure that blown-in insulation has not compacted and lost its _________________. - ✔✔R - Value Whenever a chemical antimicrobial or biocide is used, restorers must follow the label ________________ explicitly. - ✔✔Directions Whenever carpet must be disengaged from the tackless strip, a ___________ _________ and carpet awl must be used. - ✔✔Knee Kicker Which of these surface temperatures would have the fastest rate of evaporation? a. 10° below dew point b. 20° above dew point c. 30° above dew point - ✔✔c. 30° above dew point Which of these surface temperatures would promote the most rapid evaporation? a. 60° b. 70° c. 80° - ✔✔c. 80° Worker and occupant __________________ and safety are the first priority on every sewage loss. Areas affected by Category 3 water intrusion are marked and posted as potentially hazardous. - ✔✔Health
