Download WRT Final Exam (2024/2025) | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity!
WRT Final Exam ( 2024 /2025) | Actual Questions and Answers Latest
Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
Gilamesh's friend in whom he saw the mirror of himself Answer ✔✔Enkidu This God was dismembered by his brother and cast into a river. He was later reassembled and became lord of the underworld Answer ✔✔Osiris The name of the Goddess/wife who reassembles him was: Answer ✔✔Isis What is the title of Hesiod's book/poem on the beginnings and development of the gods and with which religion is it associated? Answer ✔✔Theogony - Greek These types of interpretations of religion explain the meaning and origin of religion by something non- religious, for example religion is just a pre-scientific explanation Answer ✔✔Reductionism These types of interpretations of religion describe religious traditions by focusing on patterns (or similarities) in religions and differences between religions Answer ✔✔Phenomenology What is the title of the Babylonian creation story? Answer ✔✔The Enuma Elish Which of the following is the name of the chief Babylonian warrior god and victor of the Salt Water Goddess and forces of chaos? Answer ✔✔Marduk The mesopotamian chaos Goddess of salt water was Answer ✔✔Tiamat **This word means "genesis of the Gods." It describes the genealogy of the Gods, how they came to be Answer ✔✔Theogony
The story of Ishtar (Innana) and Damuzi (Tammus) is related to which types of rituals? Answer ✔✔Fertility In Ancient Egyptian religion the negative confession of the dead to place where? Answer ✔✔In the Hall of Ma'at **The character in the story of Gilgamesh who survived the world flood by building a boat and has been granted immortality by the gods Answer ✔✔Utnapishtim In the Theogony Uranus (sky) is emasculated (has his genitals cut off) by his son: Answer ✔✔Chronus Which Greek Mystery Religion was based on the Greek myth of Kore, Demeter, and Hades. It offered its members immortality after they were initiated and had beheld the secret dramas and objects in their holy temple Answer ✔✔Eleusinian Mystery This term means that the divine beings have human characteristics Answer ✔✔Anthropomorphism According to Jeffrey Burton Russell's discussion of "The Devil Around the World" in Prince of Darkness, Gods are always the source of good things while demons are the only source of evil Answer ✔✔False **Mircea Eliade in his books The Sacred and the Profane and Cosmos and History claimed that religions help us to orient ourselves in a world that is otherwise chaotic. What two aspects of human existence does "the Sacred" help us to make sense of? Answer ✔✔Time and Space ________ is the name of one of the chaos monsters in the Hebrew bible Answer ✔✔Leviathan **The term that describes the movement from chaos to order in the universe is: Answer ✔✔Cosmogony **This Hebrew word meaning "The Deep" from Genesis seems to be related to the Babylonian name for the chaos goddess Answer ✔✔Tehom
In the Book of Job Satan takes of the part of which of the following characters? Answer ✔✔A member of all Lies & The Accuser of Job (and humanity) What is the Hebrew name of God in Genesis 2? Answer ✔✔YaWeH Russell discusses the "messenger of God" as a forerunner of the later personification of evil in Satan. What is the word for "messenger of God" in Hebrew? Answer ✔✔Mal'ak Yaweh Russell discusses the "sons of God" as forerunners of the later personification of evil in Satan. What is the word for "sons of God" in Hebrew? Answer ✔✔Bene ha elohim This theological terms means the study of the ends or purposes of time Answer ✔✔Eschatology Abraham and Moses made these "agreements" with God. The form of these are based on ancient treaties between a lord and his vassals. Answer ✔✔Covenants This term is taken for the Greek word for revelation or to unveil Answer ✔✔Apocalypse The "false" books that were usually apocalyptic books written in the period of the second temple. Answer ✔✔Pseudepigrapha **The message of the Book of Job on suffering is that all suffering is that all suffering is punishment for transgression of the law. In this way the message of Job is the same as the Book of Deuteronomy Answer ✔✔False The Supreme God of good, ethics, and order in later Zoroastrianism? (Russell Reading) Answer ✔✔Ormazd This word literally means measuring stick and has to do with establishing a set of authoritative texts of scripture Answer ✔✔Canon
This Jewish group controlled the temple during the Roman occupation of Palestine Answer ✔✔Sadducees When Antiochus IV sacrificed a pig on the alter of the temple the Jews revolted. The name of the revolt was Answer ✔✔The Macabean Revolt At the end of the first Jewish War with the Romans a group of Zealots held out three years in this fortress built by Herod as a place. They eventually committed mass suicide when they saw the Romans had breached their walls. What was the name of the fortress? Answer ✔✔Masada The first Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible Answer ✔✔The Septuagint This group believed in the only "written" Torah and thus rejected ideas of resurrection and immortality. Answer ✔✔Sadducees **The message of the Book of Job on suffering as a punishment for transgression of the law is the same as the Book of Deuteronomy. Answer ✔✔False The Second Temple was destroyed in: Answer ✔✔70 CE The first completed part of the Talmud, it contains the commentaries of Hillel and Shamai. It is the same in both the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds Answer ✔✔The Mishnah The second part of the Talmud. It means the completion Answer ✔✔The Gemara The legal parts of The Talmud are called Answer ✔✔Halacha This group believed in the "oral" as well as the "written" Torah and were responsibly for the creation of the Talmud. Answer ✔✔Pharisees Who wrote I and Thou? Answer ✔✔Martin Buber
What is meant by creation ex nihilo? Answer ✔✔God created the universe out of nothing According to Gnostics, Christ: Answer ✔✔was completely divine and not bodily This Early Christian leader was later declared a heretic because he believed that God of the Hebrew Bible was a warthful demigod who created the material world Answer ✔✔Marcion This Early Christian theologian believed that the "lie" was the source of all sin and evil. So theater was evil because it was essentially a lie Answer ✔✔Tertullian The Life of Jesus Critically Examined was written in the early 19th century was part of the quest for the historical Jesus. While it claimed that Jesus was a historical character it declared that the miracles were not historical. One of the books English critics called it "...the most pestilential book ever vomited out of the jaws of hell." Who was the author? Answer ✔✔David Friedrich Strauss The 19th Century Biblical Johannes Weiss posed the idea that the Gospels of Matthew and Luke had a common source other than the Book of Mark. This was a book of the sayings of Jesus which has come to be called: Answer ✔✔Source Q This early Christian group saw Jesus as a human prophet and the Christian movement as a part of Judaism Answer ✔✔Ebionites As a young man St. Augustine was involved in the following dualistic religion which was influenced by Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism Answer ✔✔Manichaeism In what year did the "Great Schism" between the Eastern and Western Christian churches occur? Answer ✔✔1054 CE **Which argument for the existence of God has God as the first and final causes? Answer ✔✔Cosmological Arugment
Which of the following philosophers first formulated the Ontological argument for the existence of God? Answer ✔✔St. Anselm This type of explanation attempts to "justify the ways of God to man" or to explain why bad things are happening to good people. This type of explanation is called a(n) Answer ✔✔Theodicy Which type of theology was advocated by the Pseudo Dionysus? Answer ✔✔Negative Which of the following views of God holds that the Cosmos is a manifestation of God but that God is also personal. This view was held by Pseudo-Dionysus Answer ✔✔Panentheism **The argument for the existence of God, with the watch story Answer ✔✔Teleological Argument The Roman emperor legalized Christianity as a legitimate religion in the empire with the Edict of Milan in 312 CE. He was baptized on his deathbed Answer ✔✔Constantine The Arian Heresy taught which of the following doctrines? Answer ✔✔The Father and the Son were not of the same substance and Christ was a part of the created world **The most famous of the desert dwelling monks, he was tempted by demons and devils sometimes in the form of a beautiful woman. Long after his death his temptations become the subject of many great paintings Answer ✔✔St. Anthony Christian philosopher who claimed who argued for universalism, or that everyone would be eventually saved, was which of the following? (He also publically castrated himself) Answer ✔✔Origen Which Church Council declared that Christ was "Homoousian" of one substance or con-substantial with the Father and declared that Arianism was a heresy? Answer ✔✔Nicaea St. Augustine is credited with this doctrine that the ultimate fates (salvation and/or damnation) of souls are decided eternally by God according to God's timeless plan for the creation Answer ✔✔Predestination
What is a nominalist? Answer ✔✔Someone who believes that God's reason is different from ours & someone who believes that universal ideas are just named we give to groups of individuals that share certain common characteristics Who wrote that the author of Paradise Lost "... wrote in fetters when he wrote of Angels & God, and at liberty when of Devils & Hell, is because he was a true Poet and of the Devil's party without knowing it." Answer ✔✔William Blake Name of the 14th Century Christian Nominalist Philosopher/Theologian who abandoned natural theology and believed that our reason was nothing like God's. Answer ✔✔William of Ockham Which of the following Reformers asserted free will as opposed to pre-destination? Answer ✔✔Jacob Armenius Paradise Lost is important for the formation of a lot of our ideas about the character of Satan and evil. The poem was written by: Answer ✔✔John Milton Which of the following reformers wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion and taught the doctrine of double pre-destination? Answer ✔✔John Calvin Johnannes Tetzel became infamous in the history of Christianity for selling absolutions for past sins, these were called: Answer ✔✔Indulgences This important American Calvinist theologian was president of Princeton University, one of the great preachers of the Great Awakening, and the author of the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." Answer ✔✔Jonathan Edwards John Weslet is credited with starting which Christian movement? Answer ✔✔Methodism The orthodox Muslim doctrine of God, Allah, is characterized by which of the following descriptions? Answer ✔✔Absolute Monotheism
A chapter in the Qu'ran is called a: Answer ✔✔Surah The word "Islam" means which of the following: Answer ✔✔to submit (to Allah) What is the Kabah? Answer ✔✔All of the above (the most sacred site in Islam, a black stone, the point in the holy city in Mecca toward which all Moslems should pray in order to symbolize the unity of God's people, & a site of the Islamic pilgrimage that all try to touch) In Medina, what kind of leader was Muhammad? Answer ✔✔He was a spiritual, military, and a administrative leader The wide of the prophet Muhammad she was 15 years older than he and a important influence on him Answer ✔✔Khadijah Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar Answer ✔✔Hijrah Which of the following statements describes prayer in Islam? Answer ✔✔Prayer is a duty everyday, five times daily **Which of the following would not be considered a prophet by Islam? Answer ✔✔Abu Bakr This worship of one God while recognizing there may be other gods Answer ✔✔Henotheism The name for the community of believers in Islam is which of the following? Answer ✔✔Umma Which of the following is the name of the largest group in Islam? Answer ✔✔Sunnis **After the death of Muhammad the new leader of Islam came to be called by which of the following titles? Answer ✔✔Caliph
**In the early debates within Islam about free will and predestination this Muslim group believed in free will and moral purity they though one could choose to be a believer or infidel Answer ✔✔Kharijites This term in Islamic Mysticism means annihilation or passing away of the self Answer ✔✔fana This Persian Islamic Mystic and Poet founded the Malawi order and is one of the most famous poets in the world Answer ✔✔Jalal al din Rumi **The Islamic Mystical movement that teaches that by emptying the self of individuality one could become filled with God and thus one with God goes by the following name Answer ✔✔Sufis **In Shi'ite Islam this figure was the Twelfth Imam. He disappeared in or went into "occultation" and will return to restore Islam Answer ✔✔Muhammed al-Mahdi (Muntazar) Muslims generally refer to the first four Caliphs as Answer ✔✔The Rightly Guided Ones The Fourth Caliph, the cousin of Muhammad, was assassinated extremists and became a martyr for Shia Muslims Answer ✔✔Ali One of the greatest Muslim philosophers. He wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers. He suffered a nervous breakdown and became a mystic. He is sometimes referred to as a "renewer of Islam." Answer ✔✔Al Ghazali The Shia festival of Muharrem celebrates the death of this martyr at the battle of Karbala Answer ✔✔Hussein The first Caliph was Answer ✔✔Abu Bakr The most famous Muslim woman mystic Answer ✔✔Rabi'ah al-'Adwiyah
Al Ghazali thought miracles happened because God created the laws that govern creation at each moment. A miracle was a moment in which God created the laws such that the miracle, for example Moses stopping the sun, could occur. At the next moment God returned the laws of nature to their previous state Answer ✔✔True
