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WSET Level 1 Award in Wines: Wine Basics and Tasting Notes, Exams of Winemaking

A comprehensive overview of wine basics, covering key aspects like grape varieties, climate influences, winemaking processes, and tasting notes. It explores the characteristics of various wine styles, including red, white, sparkling, and fortified wines, and delves into the impact of climate and grape variety on flavor profiles. The document also includes information on wine pairing principles and the wset systematic approach to tasting wine (sat).

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Uploaded on 11/07/2024

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WSET Level 1 Award in Wines
Which type of climate and grapes produce green fruit &
citrus flavors/aromas? - Cool climate white
grapes
Which type of climate and grapes produce jammy red
fruits flavors/aromas? - Warm climate black
grapes
Which type of climate and grapes produce stone fruit &
tropical flavors/aromas? - Warm climate white
grapes
Which type of wine typically has the highest abv? -
Fortified wine
Which wine would you expect to have the flavor/aroma
profile blackcurrant, green bell pepper, mint, vanilla,
high acidity, high tannin? - Cabernet Sauvignon
White Zinfandel is an example of what style wine? -
Rose style
Wine can be fermented or matured in oak barrels. What
flavors/aromas oak maturation or fermentation can give
wine. - Vanilla
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WSET Level 1 Award in Wines

Which type of climate and grapes produce green fruit &

citrus flavors/aromas? - ✔ ✔ Cool climate white grapes

Which type of climate and grapes produce jammy red

fruits flavors/aromas? - ✔ ✔ Warm climate black grapes

Which type of climate and grapes produce stone fruit &

tropical flavors/aromas? - ✔ ✔ Warm climate white grapes

Which type of wine typically has the highest abv? - ✔

✔ Fortified wine

Which wine would you expect to have the flavor/aroma profile blackcurrant, green bell pepper, mint, vanilla,

high acidity, high tannin? - ✔ ✔ Cabernet Sauvignon

White Zinfandel is an example of what style wine? - ✔

✔ Rose style

Wine can be fermented or matured in oak barrels. What flavors/aromas oak maturation or fermentation can give

wine. - ✔ ✔ Vanilla

Cedar

Cloves

Coconut

With regard to pairing wine with food, a "low risk" wine

might be a(n) - ✔ ✔ Simple; Unoaked wine with some residual sugar

WSET considers "light wines" to be - ✔ ✔

WSET Systematic Approach to Tasting Wine (SAT) -

✔ ✔ Appearance - colour

Nose - aroma characteristics

Palate - notable structural & flavour characteristics

Yeast - ✔ ✔ eat sugar and produce carbon dioxide and alcohol

You will most likely find which wines in a cooler

climate? - ✔ ✔ High acid, lower alcohol white wine.

Acidity in wine makes the wine ________. - ✔ ✔

refreshing

Aromas & Flavors: Pinot Noir - ✔ ✔ Dry and light- bodied, low tannin levels and high acidity. Flavors of red fruit (strawberry, red cherry, raspberry) and often matured in oak, vanilla and clove aromas. Grape used for red Burgundy and it is the principal black grape in New Zealand.

Aromas & Flavors: Sauvignon Blanc - ✔ ✔ Dry wine; refreshingly high acidity; medium-bodied and aromas of green fruit (apple), citrus (lemon, grapefruit) and herbaceous notes (asparagus, green bell pepper, cut grass). They are often fermented in stainless steel tanks and are usually not matured in oak, to retain their characteristic Sauvignon Blanc aromas

As grapes ripen - ✔ ✔ The grapes swell with water.

Sugar levels in the grapes rise.

Acid levels in the grapes fall.

Flavors become riper.

White grapes change in color from green to golden.

Black grapes change in color from green to purple.

As grapes ripen... - ✔ ✔ The grapes swell with water.

Sugar levels in the grapes rise.

Acid levels in the grapes fall.

Flavors become riper.

White grapes change in color from green to golden.

Black grapes change in color from green to purple.

As red grapes ripen their color changes from - ✔ ✔

green to red

At what alcohol % will yeast begin to die? - ✔ ✔ 15% --> once all the sugar is used

At what temperature should a light bodied red be

served? - ✔ ✔ slightly chilled

At what temperature should a light-bodied red like

Beaujolais be served? - ✔ ✔ Lightly chilled

Beaujolais - ✔ ✔ This is a dry, light-bodied red wine from France that is unoaked, with fresh flavors of red fruits (raspberry, red cherry) and low tannins.

Beaujolais is what style of wine? - ✔ ✔ light bodied, fresh and fruity red

Bitterness in food - ✔ ✔ Increases bitterness in wine

used on wine labels of both white and red wines from Burgundy.

Burgundy's white grape is - ✔ ✔ Chardonnay

Cabernet Sauvignon originates from - ✔ ✔ In the seventeenth century, in the southwest of France, a red Cabernet Franc grape plant and a Sauvignon blanc grape plant accidentally bred, creating the birth of what is now the most popular grape throughout the world

Cava - ✔ ✔ This is a dry, sparkling wine from Spain. It has flavors of green fruit (pear) and citrus (lemon).

Cava and Prosecco are examples of - ✔ ✔ Sparkling wines

Chablis - ✔ ✔ a white wine with high acidity

Chablis - ✔ ✔ This is a dry, light-bodied French white wine. It is unoaked with high acidity, green fruit (apple) and citrus (lemon) aromas. It is made from Chardonnay.

Chablis is an example of what style of wine? - ✔ ✔

Still, white wine from France made from Chardonnay grapes; come from the coolest part of Burgundy and have high acidity and a light body with flavors of green fruits

(apple) and citrus (lemon). These wines are typically unoaked.

Chablis is an example of which style of wine? - ✔ ✔

Still white

Champagne - ✔ ✔ This is a French sparkling wine made from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. It is typically dry and has high acidity with aromas of green fruits (apple) and citrus (lemon) and bread notes.

Chardonnay from a warm climate is often described as

having which fruit character? - ✔ ✔ Tropical fruits

Chardonnay from the new world is often described as

having which fruit characteristic? - ✔ ✔ tropical fruit

Chardonnay originates from... - ✔ ✔ Burgundy

Châteauneuf-du-Pape - ✔ ✔ This is a dry, full-bodied, high-alcohol red wine from France showing red fruit (strawberry) and clove flavors from oak.

Châteauneuf-du-Pape is a __________. - ✔ ✔ full- bodied still red wine

Dishes high in bitterness will - ✔ ✔ emphasize bitterness in wine. Consider white wines or low-tannin reds.

Dishes high in chili heat should be paired with - ✔ ✔

white wines or low-tannin reds, both with low alcohol (as bitterness and alcohol burn can be highlighted for sensitive tasters). Fruitiness and sweetness can also be reduced so think about wines with higher levels of these qualities to mitigate this effect.

Dishes high in sugar should be paired with - ✔ ✔

Wine that has at least as much sugar

Dishes high in umami should be paired with wines that

are - ✔ ✔ more fruity than tannic as the umami in the food will emphasize the bitterness of the tannins. High levels of umami in a dish can be balanced by the addition of acid or salt.

Does the skin of the grape taste sweeter or more bitter

when compared to the pulp? - ✔ ✔ More bitter

Draining - ✔ ✔ Once the fermentation is finished, the newly made red wine is drained off the skins.

Dry wine - ✔ ✔ The yeast needs to convert all of the sugar in the grape juice into alcohol.

During fermentation yeast converts __________. - ✔

✔ sugar into alcohol

Examples of cooler climate regions - ✔ ✔ Germany and northern France. The average temperatures are low, and the sunlight can be weaker than in regions nearer the Equator. In some years, grapes can struggle to ripen at all. In cool climate regions, it is common to grow white grapes

Examples of dry wines - ✔ ✔ Chablis from France

Sauvignon Blanc

Côtes du Rhône from France

Chianti from Italy

Cabernet Sauvignon

Examples of fortified wines are: - ✔ ✔ Sherry from Spain and Port from Portugal

Examples of red wines with high tannin levels include -

✔ ✔ Red Bordeaux from France, and Chianti from Italy.

Fermentation takes sugar and yeast and creates alcohol

and - ✔ ✔ Carbon Dioxide

Flavor characteristics of the white wines of Burgundy in

France - ✔ ✔ Chardonnay is the grape used and the wines are medium-bodied with high acidity and aromas of citrus (lemon) and stone fruits (peach). They may also have vanilla notes from maturation in oak.

Food high in umami makes a red wine taste __________

. - ✔ ✔ more bitter and less fruity

Fortified wine have what added to them? - ✔ ✔

Extra Alcohol

Fortified Wines are - ✔ ✔ wines with alcohol levels of 15-22%

Fortified wines tend to have have alcohol levels (ABV) of

  • ✔ ✔ 15-22%

Germany's leading white grape is - ✔ ✔ Riesling

Give an example of a dry white wine from New Zealand -

✔ ✔ Sauvignon Blanc

Give an example of a dry, full-bodied red wine from

France w high level of alcohol - ✔ ✔ Chateauneuf- du-pape

Give an example of a light bodied red wine from France -

✔ ✔ Beaujolais

Give an example of a light bodied white wine from Italy -

✔ ✔ Pinot Grigio

Give an example of a medium rosé from California with a

low level of alcohol - ✔ ✔ White Zinfandel

Give an example of a sweet wine from France - ✔ ✔

Sauternes

Give an example of a sweet wine from Italy - ✔ ✔

Asti

Give an example of a sweet wine from Portugal - ✔ ✔

Port

Give an example of an oaked Sauvignon Blanc from

California - ✔ ✔ Fume Blanc

Grape growing cycle - ✔ ✔ Flowering in spring; flowers become grapes which ripen in summer; grapes are picked late summer

finishes fermentation without the skin), Maturation (wines are rarely stored in oak, but some may do a short maturation in stainless steel), Bottling ( bottled soon after draining or after a short maceration)

How White wine is made - ✔ ✔ Crushing, Pressing, Fermentation (steel tanks or oak barrels), Maturation (stored in steel tanks or oak barrels), Bottling

If a bottle of wine is sealed with a cork, the correct

position it should be stored - ✔ ✔ On its side

If all of the available sugar has turned into alcohol. The

wine would be categorized as what? - ✔ ✔ Dry

If Chardonnay is grown in a cool climate what

characteristics can you expect it to have? - ✔ ✔ High in acidity, light- to medium-bodied and have green fruit (apple) and citrus (lemon) aromas, usually unoaked.

If Chardonnay is grown in a warm climate what

characteristics can you expect it to have? - ✔ ✔

Medium acidity, and a medium to full body, with stone fruit (peach) and tropical fruit (pineapple, banana) flavors, usually oaked.

If the food is Acidic, wine seems... - ✔ ✔ less drying and bitter, less acidic

more sweet and fruity

If the food is Fatty/oily, wine seems... - ✔ ✔ less acidic

If the food is Highly flavored, wine seems... - ✔ ✔

overwhelmed by the food flavors

If the food is Hot (chili), wine seems... - ✔ ✔ to increase the heat from the chili, alcohol in the wine seems more noticeable

If the food is Salty, wine seems... - ✔ ✔ less drying and bitter, less acidic

more fruity, more body

If the food is sweet, wine seems... - ✔ ✔ more drying and bitter, more acidic

less sweet and fruity

If the food is Umami (savory taste), wine seems... - ✔

✔ more drying and bitter, more acidic

less sweet and fruity

In alcoholic fermentation, sugar plus yeast create - ✔

✔ alcohol and CO

What best describes the character of New Zealand

Sauvignon Blanc? - ✔ ✔ Fruity and high acidity.

What characteristics are associated with Cabernet

Sauvignon? - ✔ ✔ Dry; high levels of tannins and acidity; range between medium and full-bodied, and have aromas and flavors of black fruits (blackcurrant, black cherry) and herbaceous notes (green bell pepper, mint). The wines are often matured in oak, which adds flavors of cedar and vanilla.

What characteristics are to be expected with Sauv.

Blanc? - ✔ ✔ Medium-bodied, high acidity, intense fruity & vegetal flavours. Occasionally oaked.

What effect does sweet food have on wine? - ✔ ✔

More drying and bitter, more acidic, & less sweet and fruity.

What effect will the sweetness of a cake likely have on a

dry wine? - ✔ ✔ the wine will seem more drying and bitter, more acidic, less sweet and fruity

What grape is used in Chablis? - ✔ ✔ Chardonnay

What grape variety is used for Sancerre from France? -

✔ ✔ Sauvignon Blanc

What is another name for Sauvignon Blanc? - ✔ ✔

Fume Blanc, Fumé Blanc refers to Sauvignon Blanc made in the United States, and has likely gone through some oak ageing but does not have to.

In which climate do black grapes ripen best? - ✔ ✔

hot

Levels of alcohol in Fortified wine range from _____. -

✔ ✔ 15% to 22% abv.

Maturation - ✔ ✔ Once fermentation has finished, the wines can be stored in steel tanks or oak barrels.

Medium Sweet Wines are made two key ways - ✔ ✔

  1. The yeast are removed before all of the sugar is converted into alcohol.
  2. Unfermented grape juice is added to a dry wine.

Examples - white or rose, no red.

Most wines are part of one particular category type of

wine. Which type is this? - ✔ ✔ Still wine

Name a few characteristics of Riesling - ✔ ✔

Produced in Germany, France, and Australia; high levels of acidity which help balance sweetness; range