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Zuku Navle Study Prep | 100% Correct
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Which one of the following vaccines is considered a core vaccine for South American camelids? A - Rabies B - Tetanus C - Listeria D - Equine herpes virus I E - Bovine viral diarrhea virus - ✔✔B - Tetanus Which of the following pairs of tissues can both cause increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in dogs and cats? A - Pancreas and intestine B - Kidneys and pancreas C - Liver and muscle D - Spleen and adrenals E - Heart and kidneys - ✔✔C - Liver and muscle When a foal is being treated with erythromycin (for Rhodococcus equi, for example), the mare is at risk of developing enterocolitis due to which one of the following organisms? A - Escherechia coli B - Clostridium novyi C - Lawsonia intracellularis D - Rhodococcus equi E - Clostridium difficile - ✔✔E - Clostridium difficile
Which one of the following choices is a major clinical complication of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction? A - Dyshormonogenetic goiter B - Circling, head-pressing C - Diabetes insipidus D - Colic E - Laminitis - ✔✔E - Laminitis A two-year-old Angus cow is presented with weakness of the hind limbs and a staggering gait. On physical exam, the heart rate and respiratory rate are slow and irregular, and the pupils are dilated. The cow's breath and urine smell like the odor of mouse urine. Suddenly the cow's pulse becomes rapid and thready, she collapses, and dies of apparent respiratory failure. Which one of the following plants is most likely to have caused this spectrum of clinical signs? A - Pinus ponderosa (Western yellow pine) B - Veratrum spp (False hellebore, Skunk cabbage) C - Centaurea spp (Knapweed, Yellow star thistle) D - Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock) E - Tetradymia spp (Horsebrush) - ✔✔D - Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock) You are presented a healthy ten-year-old maiden mare for breeding evaluation in January in North America. On rectal palpation, both ovaries have multiple, small (less than 15 mm) follicles and no corpus lutea.
T= 98.7°F, (37.0°C) [N 100 - 102.5°F, 37.8-39.2°C]
HR=56 [N 90 - 160 beats/min] The respiratory rate and pattern are quite variable. He breathes fast and deep for 5 - 6 breaths, then more slowly and shallowly, then is apneic for 10 seconds. The pattern repeats over and over. Click here to see a diagram of the respiratory pattern. What is this respiratory pattern? A - Orthopnea B - Cheyne-Stokes breathing C - Apneustic respiration pattern D - Agonal respiration E - Kussmaul pattern - ✔✔B - Cheyne-Stokes breathing A flock of sheep has been grazing on Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Tetradymia spp. (horsebrush) and Artemisia nova (black sage). Many of the exposed animals have edema, especially in their heads. This lamb has edema around the eyes and the ears show hyperkeratinized tissue. What is the photosensitizing agent responsible for this condition? A - Tetradymia spp. B - Chlorophyll C - Phylloerythrin D - Artemisia nova
E - Bile acids - ✔✔C - Phylloerythrin What is the purpose of placing a permanent rumen fistula in some cattle? A - This procedure is not done on a permanent basis in cows B - Allow for direct administration of medications into rumen long-term C - Manage vagal indigestion in the fistulated animal D - Create transfaunation donors E - Treat traumatic reticuloperitonitis in the fistulated animal - ✔✔D - Create transfaunation donors A three-year-old Irish setter is presented with a history of lameness and swelling in the distal forelimb. A radiograph is shown below (may take a few moments to load). What is the presumptive diagnosis? https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/zk/v A - Panosteititis B - Hypertrophic osteodystrophy C - Osteomyelitis D - Osteosarcoma E - Osteochondrosis - ✔✔D - Osteosarcoma Which one of the following choices includes the cardinal sign of trigeminal neuritis? A - Masseter muscle pain associated with chewing B - Circling and head tilt toward side of lesion, no other signs C - Dysphagia, dysphonia and stridor D - Inability to close the mouth
Which one of the following options is the most consistently effective against all stages of this parasite? A - Amprolium B - Thiabendazole C - Levamisole D - Ivermectin E - Morantel - ✔✔D - Ivermectin At what age do a cow's permanent 4th incisors begin to erupt in the mandible? A - 7 - 8 years B - 2 to 2.5 years C - 3 years D - 3.5 to 4 years E - 5 - 6 years - ✔✔D - 3.5 to 4 years A flock from a turkey farm is presented with a mysterious illness. Several dead birds are notable, mostly younger animals. Sick turkeys are listless, with drooping wings, unkempt feathers, yellow droppings. Sick older birds are emaciated. Necropsy shows a yellowish green, caseous exudate in the ceca, cecal ulcerations and thickening of the cecal wall. A typical liver looks like the image below. What is the diagnosis? Click here to see image A - Necrotic enteritis B - Histomoniasis C - Avian spirochetosis D - Coronaviral enteritis of turkeys E - Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys - ✔✔B - Histomoniasis
Acromegaly is associated with what three diseases in cats? A - Hypoadrenocorticism, Congestive heart failure, Hepatic lipidosis B - Hyperadrenocorticism, Pleural effusion, Lameness C - Diabetes mellitus, Cardiomyopathy, Renal disease D - Prognathism, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary Hypertension E - Vertebral spondylosis, 3rd degree heart block, Glomerulonephritis - ✔✔C - Diabetes mellitus, Cardiomyopathy, Renal disease Under what conditions is a very sensitive test used? A - Rare disease, Early diagnosis improves prognosis B - Lethal disease, Highly prevalent disease C - Treatment does not affect prognosis, Non-infectious diseases D - Common disease, infectious diseases E - Zoonoses, untreatable diseases - ✔✔A - Rare disease, Early diagnosis improves prognosis A large male guinea pig from a group of four is presented with swollen and scabby hind feet from which Staphylococcus aureus is cultured. Which one of the following recommendations is the most appropriate choice? A - Isolate affected animal, treat with oral amoxicillin B - Improve sanitation, install smooth-floored enclosure C - Cull affected animal, increase ventilation of environment for remaining animals D - Tetracycline-medicated water for all animals E - Debridement and topical 1% butenafine cream - ✔✔B - Improve sanitation, install smooth-floored enclosure NAVLE® Question of the Day: A cow is presented on emergency with urea/non-protein nitrogen toxicity. What is the treatment of choice? A - Rumenotomy
A 12 - year-old spayed female black Scottish terrier is presented with a three week history of limping on the right forelimb. The second digit of the paw is enlarged, ulcerated, and bleeding with a loose toenail. A lytic bone lesion of the 3rd phalanx is visible on radiographs, and cytology of a fine needle aspirate of the mass suggests neoplasia. If biopsy of the mass confirms malignant subungual melanoma, which one of the following choices contain the best advice to the owner? A - Long-term prognosis is excellent if the tumor is completely resected. B - Metastasis is common. Radical excision, plus adjuvant therapies is typically recommended C - Due to the exquisite sensitivity of melanoma to radiotherapy, it is preferred as a sole treatment D - DNA-based vaccine encoding canine tyrosinase is effective against oral tumors but not licensed for subungual melanoma E - Nail bed melanomas in dogs are almost always benign a - ✔✔B - Metastasis is common. Radical excision, plus adjuvant therapies is typically recommended During the necropsy of an eight-year-old mixed breed dog from the Southern United States, reactive granulomas in the esophagus containing bright red worms, 40 mm to 70 mm long are found. Which choice is the most likely diagnosis? A - Ollulanus tricuspis B - Haemonchus placei C - Spirocerca lupi D - Gastrophilus spp. E - Physaloptera spp. - ✔✔C - Spirocerca lupi A five-year old lactating Holstein dairy cow is being evaluated for a two-month history of watery diarrhea, weight loss, and decline in milk production. On examination, the cow is bright, alert and responsive, but unthrifty and very thin, with a soft intermandibular swelling. What is the most appropriate management of this herd? A - Cull positives, ensure 4 L. colostrum uptake for calves
B - Quarantine herd, treat until herd tests negative C - Test herd, treat positive animals, add coccidiostat to ration D - Test herd, cull positives, remove calves from dam at birth E - Test herd, treat positive animals, test and treat replacements - ✔✔D - Test herd, cull positives, remove calves from dam at birth Most likely Johne's disease caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis A female show dog is approaching estrus and the owner has consulted you about planning a breeding for this dog. She is aware of the signs of proestrus and plans to contact you when those are apparent in her dog. In addition to vaginal cytology, which one of the following will be the most useful to you in planning the timing of breeding? A - Vaginoscopy B - Determination of serum estrogen levels C - Timed administration of luteinizing hormone D - Serial progesterone testing E - Ovarian ultrasonography - ✔✔D - Serial progesterone testing A 12 - year-old neutered male black labrador retriever is presented with a three week history of limping on the right fore. The lateral digit is swollen and the nail is deviated ventrally, with ulceration of the nail bed. A lytic bone lesion of the 2nd phalanx is visible on a radiograph and cytology of the mass suggests neoplasia. Chest radiographs are clear. Following amputation of the digit, histopathology indicates that the mass is a squamous cell carcinoma. Which of the following is the best advice for the owner? A - 95% chance he will survive 1 year B - Chemotherapy is indicated C - Radiotherapy is indicated D - Guarded prognosis
Prior to the 1950s, heat pasteurization of milk was done principally to prevent transmission of one organism to people. Today, that organism is re-emerging in bi-national communities with ties to Mexico who consume unpasteurized milk products. What is the organism? A - Mycobacterium bovis B - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H C - Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis D - Mycobacterium tuberculosis E - Mycobacterium avium - ✔✔A - Mycobacterium bovis It is noticed on a flow chart that a doctor had entered "ongoing losses WNL" under the comments section. What are "ongoing losses" in fluid therapy? A - Urine output B - Fluids given minus extracellular volume estimate C - Fluid lost during panting D - Vomiting and diarrhea E - Percent dehydration multiplied by body weight - ✔✔D - Vomiting and diarrhea A mare is presented with a history of intermittent lameness in the right fore involving a shortened stride and occasional stumbling. She relieves pain by pointing the affected foot with the heel off the ground. A flexion test of the distal right forelimb exacerbates the lameness temporarily. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? A - Laminitis B - Caudal heel pain C - Villonodular synovitis D - Pedal osteitis E - Sidebone - ✔✔B - Caudal heel pain
A four-year-old male, neutered cat is presented with a history of severe lethargy and inappetance. The cats mucous membranes are extremely pale and his PCV at presentation is 9%. [Normal=30-45%] A blood transfusion is indicated. Which one of the following choices best explains the rationale for blood typing prior to transfusion in cats? A - Cats have naturally-occurring antibodies against the blood group antigen they lack B - Blood typing is not necessary. Cats are universal receivers and can receive any blood type C - Cats that are negative for DEA 1.1 are more likely to have a reaction to DEA 1.1 positive blood D - If donor is Type A, it is a universal donor and recipient typing is not needed E - Blood typing will determine if recipient cat is Rh factor negative or Rh positive - ✔✔A - Cats have naturally-occurring antibodies against the blood group antigen they lack NAVLE® Question of the Day: A commercial turkey operation experiences an outbreak of disease in 40% of its 12 - 16 week old birds. Typically affected birds show only depression, then death. Some animals appear weak, recumbent with one leg forward and one leg back. On necropsy, diffuse or nodular lymphoid tumors are visible in various organs, particularly the liver, and spleen. Two affected birds have distorted pupils. What is the diagnosis? A - Viral hepatitis of turkeys B - Newcastle disease C - Marek's disease D - Infectious bursal disease E - Histomoniasis - ✔✔C - Marek's disease Many hens in a large backyard flock recently became ill after the owner purchased four new chickens. The sick hens are gasping, coughing and sneezing. They have poor appetite and act depressed. Some affected birds have watery green diarrhea and swelling of the head and neck. A few have paralyzed legs and wings, twisted necks, are circling, and have tremors or clonic spasms.
D - Twice yearly ivermectin E - Chloramphenicol in the water - ✔✔A - Vaccination program Syndactyly is most commonly found in which of the following cattle breeds? A - Brown Swiss B - Angus C - Hereford D - Holstein-Friesian E - Simmental - ✔✔D - Holstein-Friesian Several piglets in a group weaned ten days ago in the nursery facility of a large commercial swine operation were found dead. On evaluation, some weaners have swelling around the eyes and forehead. Some are in lateral recumbency and dyspneic. Necropsy of the dead piglets reveals subcutaneous and submucosal edema. What is the most likely causative organism? A - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B - Escherichia coli C - Lawsonia intracellularis D - Clostridium septicum E - Streptococcus suis - ✔✔B - Escherichia coli Oxalate is the toxic agent found in which one of the following plants? A - Hypericum perforatum (klamathweed) B - Delphinium spp. (larkspur) C - Sarcobatus vermiculatus (greasewood) D - Hordeum spp. (foxtail) E - Solanum spp. (nightshade) - ✔✔C - Sarcobatus vermiculatus (greasewood)
Acquired equine motor neuron disease is a disease characterized by weight loss, paresis with trembling, preference for lying down, and decreased activity. Which one of the following choices is associated with this disease? A - Thiamine deficiency B - Vitamin E deficiency C - Lead toxicosis D - Organophosphate toxicosis E - Rickettsial infection - ✔✔B - Vitamin E deficiency A chicken farm has had several ill and dead birds over the past week. Examination of the sick chickens shows severe depression, ecchymoses and edema of the comb and wattles, green diarrhea. Some are unable to walk with absent perching reflexes. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? A - Avian encephalomyelitis B - Avian influenza C - Infectious coryza D - Infectious bronchitis E - Mycoplasma gallisepticum - ✔✔B - Avian influenza A 15 - year-old cat is presented with a three week progression of wandering in circles to the left, standing in corners, and dull mentation. Conscious proprioceptive deficits (knuckling) can be elicited in the right thoracic and right pelvic limbs. There is a decreased menace response on the right, but palpebral and pupillary light reflexes are normal in both eyes. The rest of the examination is normal. A brain tumor is suspected. Where is the most likely location of the lesion? A - Right brainstem B - Right cerebrum
C - Poor response to treatment for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis D - Exposure to Sarcocystis neurona E - The horse has been in Africa - ✔✔D - Exposure to Sarcocystis neurona A nine-year-old German Shepherd is presented for non-productive retching. Physical examination reveals severe abdominal pain and in shock. After starting fluid therapy, a lateral abdominal radiograph is made. The dog is taken to surgery and laparotomy reveals what is seen in the second image below. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? https://zukureview.com/navle/qod?special_id=13573&letter=D Image courtesy, Dr Kalumet. A - Intussussuption B - Linear foreign body C - Intestinal lymphosarcoma D - Mesenteric volvulus E - Gastrointestinal ulceration - ✔✔D - Mesenteric volvulus Which one of the following diseases have been linked with the variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans? A - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy B - Q fever C - Sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis D - Equine West Nile virus encephalitis E - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) - ✔✔A - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy A four-year-old male beagle presents with straining and crying when attempting to urinate. Only drops of bloody urine are produced. A lateral abdominal radiograph reveals the presence of stones in the bladder and the urethra. The os penis is pictured below. Which one of the following choices is the next best step in this case?
A - Flush stones back into bladder B - Abdominal ultrasonography C - Try to express the urinary bladder D - Perform a pyelogram E - Schedule cystotomy later in the week - ✔✔A - Flush stones back into bladder A horse recently imported from Dubai died after a being ill for about 2 weeks in a quarantine facility. He was febrile and very depressed, with dyspnea and respiratory distress in the last 24 hours. Other signs included hyperemia of the conjunctiva and edema all over the head and neck, especially the eyelids and the supraorbital fossae. Necropsy reveals a clear pericardial effusion, froth in the upper airways, and heavy distended lungs. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? A - Equine influenza B - Equine infectious anemia C - African horse sickness D - Equine viral arteritis E - Piroplasmosis - ✔✔C - African horse sickness A 15 - year-old Quarter horse mare is presented for right front lameness grade 3/5 on the AAEP lameness scale (lameness consistently visible at the trot). She becomes sound after an abaxial nerve block. Radiographs of the distal limb look like this: Click here to see image What is the top differential diagnosis? A - Spavin B - Chronic proliferative synovitis C - High ringbone
